University of Hradec Králové Journals
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Ondřej Keřský of Řimovice and the East Bohemian Landfriede: On the Circumstances of the Fall of a Former Hussite Captain
Full text linkStudie se zabývá osudem táborského vojevůdce Ondřeje Keřského z Řimovic v polipanské éře, během níž se nedokázal přizpůsobit změněným poměrům a fakticky se z něj stal loupeživý rytíř. Ačkoliv byl jedním se signatářů východočeského landfrýdu, brzy se s jeho představiteli kvůli svým loupežím a krádežím dostal do konfliktu. Příspěvek analyzuje jeho vztahy k předním členům lanfrýdu v Čáslavském kraji a také Bedřichovi ze Strážnice, který sehrál v Keřského životě zásadní roli. Text podrobně zkoumá okolnosti vedoucí až k Ondřejově odsouzení a popravě.Ondřej Keřský of Řimovice and the East Bohemian Landfriede: On the Circumstances of the Fall of a Former Hussite CaptainThe study deals with the fate of the Tábor warlord Ondřej Keřský of Řimovice in the years after the Battle of Lipany, during which he failed to adapt to the changed conditions and effectively became a robber knight. Although he became one of the signatories of the East Bohemian Landfriede, he soon came into conflict with its leaders because of his robberies and thefts. The paper analyses his relations with the leading members of the Landfriede in the Čáslav region and also with Bedřich of Strážnice, who played a crucial role in Keřský’s life. The text examines in detail the circumstances leading up to Ondřej’s conviction and execution
When mental states matter
Full text linkV tomto článku se zabývám běžnou nejednoznačností při specifikaci obsahu implikatur buď v termínech mentálních stavů „BELS(ψ)“, nebo v termínech jedno duchých propozic „ψ“. Cílem tohoto článku je obhájit pluralistický pohled, který uznává koexistenci obou specifikací jako odlišných implikatur. Jak tvrdím, obě specifikace mají v komunikaci různé funkce a existují konverzační situace, v nichž jsou mluvčí i posluchač motivováni spoléhat se selektivně na jednu nebo druhou. Navíc tvrdím, že vážné přijetí rozdílu mezi nimi a) vrhá nové světlo na debaty mezi griceovským přístupem ke skalárním implikaturám a gramatickou teoriítěchto implikatur a b) otevírá nové otázky týkající se (vzájemné) odvozenosti obou specifikací.In this paper I discuss a common ambiguity in the specification of the content of implicatures either in terms of mental states “BELS(ψ)” or in terms of simple propositions “ψ”. The aim of this paper is to argue for a pluralistic view that acknowledges the coexistence of both specifications as distinct implicatures. As I argue, both specifications have different functions in communication, and there are conversational situations in which the speaker and hearer are motivated to rely on one or the other selectively. Moreover, I argue that taking the distinction between them seriously a) sheds new light on the debates between the Gricean approach to and the grammatical theory of scalar implicatures, and b) opens new questions regarding the (mutual) derivability of both specifications
O’Carroll, Brendan. 2023. The Long Range Desert Group in North Africa. Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military. 256 pp. ISBN 978-81399064057
Full text linkPavel MAREK – Petr VOREL (edd.), Pernštejnové v evropských dějinách, Červený Kostelec: Pavel Mervart 2023, 327 s. ISBN: 978-80-74-65-633-0.
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The Problem of (un)Productive Work
No full textPředložená studie se zabývá problematikou (ne)produktivní práce. První část se zabývá problematikou výrobního procesu a zaměřuje se specificky na termín práce Arbeit/Werken (neproduktivní a produktivní práce). Dále je blíže rozebrána práce abstraktní, která je poté definována v prostředí digitálních platforem. Uživatelé sociálních sítí jsou vystavení digitálnímu odcizení, jelikož nevlastní výrobní prostředky – software a produkty – a data, které podléhají vlastnictví digitálních platforem, a dále jsou data prodávána reklamním agenturám. Samotná data jsou rozebrána z hlediska kritické teorie jako surovina, která podléhá směně. Dále je představen čas, který hraje ve výrobním procesu klíčovou roli, avšak v digitálním prostředí se zdá, že výrobní proces se stává sofistikovanější v efektivitě výroby dat, jelikož čas zde není rozdělen na pracovní a volný. Rozebrány jsou také argumenty proti produktivní práci a teorie renty. Poslední část se zaobírá ideologií, která zastiňuje asymetrické rozdělení moci a nabízí prostředí, které se jeví transparentní a bezpečné.The presented study examines the issue of (un)productive labor. The first part addresses the production process and specifically focuses on the term Arbeit/Werken (unproductive and productive labor). Furthermore, abstract labor is analyzed in more detail and subsequently defined within the context of digital platforms. Social media users are exposed to digital alienation, as they do not own the means of production – neither the software nor the products – and the data they generate is owned by digital platforms, which then sell it to advertising agencies. The data itself is analyzed from the perspective of critical theory as a raw material subject to exchange. Additionally, the study introduces the concept of time, which plays a key role in the production process. However, in the digital environment, the production process appears to become more sophisticated in terms of data production efficiency, as time is no longer divided into work and leisure. Arguments against productive labor and rent theory are also examined. The final section deals with ideology, which obscures the asymmetric distribution of power while offering an environment that appears transparent and secure
Tearing Down the Strong Man in the Gold Coast: the Asante Empire, 1820-1901
Full text linkThe present article investigates the Asante Empire’s transformation from a dominant power in West Africa to a vassalage. It examines the multifaceted causes of this decline, including military confrontations with European powers, internal political strife, economic disruptions, and evolving regional alliances in the nineteenth century. Through a historiographical approach, the study moves beyond the political centre of Kumase to include peripheral states and local dynamics often overlooked, enriching the understanding of its historical significance. This enables to construct a more nuanced narrative of Asante’s history, underscoring the complexities of power, resistance, and cultural imperialism in nineteenth-century Africa, offering critical insights into the factors that led to the annexation of one of West Africa’s most powerful empires. The article contextualises the decline within broader imperial rivalries and the shifting dynamics of Afro-European relations.
The Second Hussite War at the Imperial Diets (1467–1474)
Full text linkOd chvíle, kdy římská kurie rozpoutala kampaň proti králi Jiřímu z Poděbrad, až do olomouckého míru se konalo sedm říšských sněmů, které se při svých jednáních zabývaly ve větší či menší míře i „Causou bohemica“. Tři z nich mohly přinést osudové rozhodnutí pro Českou korunu. Snahou papežské diplomacie a dočasně i císaře bylo, aby sněmy schválily aktivní vojenské zapojení Svaté říše římské do nové křížové výpravy proti českým utrakvistům. Nenávistná kampaň kurie, přítomnost legátů na říšských sněmech, vystoupení delegace Zelenohorské jednoty, ani žádosti Matyáše Korvína o vojenskou pomoc Říše, ba dokonce ani řízení sněmovních jednání přímo legátem Lorenzem z Ferrary, to vše nestačilo zlomit nechuť říšských stavů k účasti v „druhé husitské válce“. Král Jiří se ale nedočkal deklarace, která by se vůči papežskému nátlaku vymezila a s výjimkou roku 1466 ani jasné diplomatické podpory.The Second Hussite War at the Imperial Diets (1467–1474)From the moment when the Roman Curia launched a campaign against King George of Poděbrady until the Peace of Olomouc, seven imperial assemblies were held, which dealt to a greater or lesser extent with the „Causa bohemica“. Three of them could have brought a fateful decision for the Bohemian Crown. It was the desire of the papal diplomacy and temporarily also of the Emperor that the councils should approve the active military involvement of the Holy Roman Empire in the new crusade against the Bohemian Utraquists. The hateful campaign of the Curia, the presence of legates at the imperial assemblies, the appearance of the delegation of the Green Mountain Unity, not even the requests of Matthias Corvinus for the military aid of the Empire, or event he directing of the assembly proceedings by the legate Lorenzo of Ferrara, were not enough to break the reluctance of the imperial Estates to participate in the “Second Hussite War“. King Georg, however, did not receive a declaration opposing papal pressure, nor, with the exception of 1466, any clear diplomatic support
Understanding Xenophobic Attacks in South Africa: A Systematic Literature Review
Full text linkSouth Africa is seen as an intolerant country when it comes to black immigrants of African origin. The existing literature agrees with this narrative on the hostility and resentment faced by immigrants, but there is limited empirical data on the effectiveness of government interventions. This study, therefore, systematically reviews the literature on the common themes that define xenophobia in South Africa. It examines the literature on the impact of xenophobic attacks on victims and the effectiveness of government response strategies. The study’s findings demonstrate that peer pressure, failure to provide the promised basic needs to the citizens, and denialism by the government all contribute to the xenophobic attacks in South Africa. The government’s ineffective interventions and scapegoating are seen as exacerbating the impact of attacks against immigrants
The Colonial Legacy of Power, Profit, and Prejudice in Global Health Governance
Full text linkThis article examines how colonial legacies continue to structure global health financing and governance, perpetuating systemic inequities between the Global North and South, particularly African countries. Historical analysis reveals that colonial health systems were strategically designed to protect European interests while exploiting indigenous populations and establishing racially segregated frameworks whose structural biases persist in contemporary institutions. International financial architecture, particularly through bodies such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, reinforces these asymmetries through governance mechanisms that privilege wealthy nations in decision-making and resource allocation. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed these entrenched disparities, as vaccine nationalism and disparate fiscal capacities widened the existing health gaps. Emerging digital health technologies now risk establishing new extractive relationships, as health data harvested from vulnerable populations flows to high-income countries without adequate benefit-sharing frameworks, a pattern identified as data colonialism. Addressing these interconnected challenges requires decolonising global health governance through fundamental reforms that redistribute power, ensure data sovereignty, and centre historically marginalised voices in shaping health priorities and financing mechanisms
Postcolonial, Decolonial and Transcolonial Approaches to Development in Africa
Full text linkIn this article we attempt to think beyond the adversarial mode and imagine possibilities of concordance as a model for development in Africa. We explore the dynamics of adversariality and concordance through the stages of postcoloniality, decoloniality, and transcoloniality in African development. We argue for a shift to a reliance on concord as the basis for development. This happens to be rooted in the African notions of complementarity and harmony. We insist that theoretically and methodologically positive mindedness and a positive set of values that pursue colligation, complementarity, and overall concordance are more reliable drivers for development than the negativity that the adversarial model portends. This is part of the essence of the emerging transcolonial disposition towards accomplishing development and we think that it holds better prospects for development in Africa