University of Hradec Králové Journals
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Veiga, José Tomaz Wahnon C. 2021. A „Democracia“ Nacional Revolucionária. O Projecto Totalitário do PAIGC/PAICV, Cabo Verde 1975-1990. [The National Revolutionary “Democracy”: The Totalitarian Project of the PAIGC/PAICV, 1975-1990]. Praia: Pedro Cardoso L
Get PDFIntroduction: Eritrea’s Uneasy Futures and their Historical Contingencies
Get PDFTo introduce this special issue of Modern Africa, the editors review Eritrea’s current condition and consider its historical roots: they place this Horn of Africa state in a broader historical context, one where neither relevant comparative cases nor past precedents are limited to its region. Hopes that were once invested in Eritrea as a model developmental state have now, thirty years since its independence, been thoroughly disappointed. The human rights violations and persistent underdevelopment that make an Eritrean transition necessary are very real: equally real are the risks and dangers that would be involved in any such transition. Recent cases of failed transition are discussed here: so too are the possible routes Eritrea might take to a “developmental democracy.” This issue’s various contributions are then introduced and summarised.
The Two Trials of Professor Vrzalík. Collaborant or victim of communist justice?
No full textStudie přibližuje životní osudy jednoho z průkopníků českého fašistického hnutí a představitele prvorepublikové Vlajky Jana Vrzalíka (1904−1971), který se v první polovině války snažil veřejně angažovat i v rámci protektorátní politické scény. Během poválečné retribuce však nebyl shledán trestně zodpovědným. V roce 1959 byl zatčen a následně odsouzen za protistátní činnost k nepodmíněnému trestu, z něhož si část odpykal ve vězení, přestože byl v té době již úplně nevidomý.The study presents the life story of one of the pineers of the Czech fascist movement and a representative of the First Republican Vlajka, Jan Vrzalík (1904−1971), who in the first half of the war tried to engage publicly in the Protectorate political scene. However, he was not found criminally responsible during the post-war retributions. He was arrested in 1959 and subsequently sentenced to an unconditional scene for anti-state activities, part of which he served in prison, although he was completely blind at the time
The Problem with free will arguments based on first-person data
No full textText obhajuje názor, že tzv. argumenty první osoby pro svobodnou vůli nesplňují vysoký epistemický standard, a proto není vhodné jimi dokazovat existenci svobody vůle. V první části je krátce uvedena problematika svobodné vůle a charakterizace skupiny důkazů, které její existenci obhajují odkazem na lidské prožívání svobodného rozhodování. V druhé části argumentu je vylíčeno, jak se idea svobodné vůle projevuje na každodenním lidském fungování a jaký má dopad na lidský blahobyt. Třetí část textu obhajuje tvrzení, že kvůli spojení svobodné vůle s každodenní lidskou praxí je nezbytné, aby měly argumenty ve prospěch či neprospěch svobody vůle vysokou míru plauzibility a robustnosti. Čtvrtá část dokazuje, že argumenty první osoby pro svobodnou vůli na vysoký standard jistoty nedosahují, protože metody nabytí dat první osoby jsou přinejmenším pochybné a data sama vysoce proměnlivá. V páté a poslední části je předložen závěr, dle kterého je jakákoliv kredibilita argumentů první osoby pro svobodu vůle kvůli jejich principiální nerobustnosti apriori signifikantně snížena.In this article I claim that in creating our socio-political institutions we should not account for or be concerned with our everyday feeling of free will. In the first part I quickly characterize the free will problem. Then I move on to the description of what I call first person arguments for free will. In the second section, I show the way in which the free will problem affects our everyday wellbeing. Because of this, I claim further on, we ought to want a height epistemic standard for arguments for or against free will. By that I mean the need for said arguments to be indubitable rather than doubtful. In last section of this article, I show that first person arguments are indeed doubtful. This is done, mainly, by drawing on neuroscientific findings. From this I conclude that we ought not to take into account our experience of free will when we are formulating or justifying our socio-political enterprises (e.g. justification of punishment). My conclusion is, therefore, that we ought to ignore or mostly ignore first person arguments for free will
The The Cultural Value of Everyday Identity in Ghanaian Popular Video Movies
No full textDiscourses on Ghanaian video movies have predominantly been described as representing everyday life. Conversely, the approach to which the everydayness of the video movies has been viewed diminishes the cultural value of the narratives. This article examines how movie narratives capture daily life experiences and how they respond to the anxieties that characterise everyday life. Using qualitative research methods, a contextual analysis of six movies was employed in analysing the narratives. Representations of daily life are embodied in marriage, religion, family, social relations and economic conditions. Anxiety is expressed over family disintegration, consumer culture intersecting with religious beliefs and the interplay between individual aspirations and social expectations in contemporary living. This study broadens the conversation on the relevance and contribution of video films to both cinema and cultural studies
“Justice Futures”: Forensic Investigation and the Potential for Transformation in Eritrea
Get PDFThis article addresses the role of the dead and disappeared and the potential for forensic investigation of atrocities in the context of an evolving transitional justice debate and framework for Eritrea. As one possible component of transitional justice, forensic investigation represents an especially potent modality to document the physical evidence of atrocities, help establish truth and accountability, and catalyse deeper conversations about justice, reconciliation, repair, access to resources, and socio-political transformation. This discussion is especially relevant as human rights proponents continue to debate the implications of findings by the Human Rights Council that Eritrean authorities have committed or enabled crimes against humanity and whether these should culminate in a referral to the International Criminal Court
Birth of a State: Rethinking South Sudanese Collective Identity through Identity Anchors
Get PDFFollowing the independence of South Sudan in 2011, the coherence of South Sudanese “national” identity has come into question. Before the Southern secession, Northerners were united by a common language and religion, but Southerners did not have this uniting reality. For this reason, scholars now wonder whether there is a collective South Sudanese identity because the sine qua non of unity among South Sudanese tribes was a collective opposition to Northern Sudan. However, the present article defends a collective South Sudanese identity based on how “nation-building” has been undertaken historically. It also argues that tribal diversity in itself does not negate the presence of a South Sudanese collective “national” identity because internal tribal divisions are a global phenomenon and “tribal” and “national” identities are activated contextually
Village Projects Observed in Eritrea: Post-Conflict Pathways towards Democratic Rural Development
Get PDFEritrea’s rural development trajectory has fallen short of fully meeting the basic needs of its peasants and pastoralists, let alone national food security objectives. This article builds on earlier research on rural development projects in a select number of villages. These projects were primarily characterised by a state-centric technocratic logic that did, to some degree, embed “hard” infrastructure in the villages, but which paid less attention to building village-level capacity or organisational autonomy. Looking beyond these impasses, the present article suggests an inward-oriented national development model centred on the home market, rural co-operatives, and food sovereignty. As yet ‒ at the time of writing ‒ another major war afflicts Eritrea and Ethiopia, the presence of the political will for such a transition is by no means guaranteed
Much More Than Just Money: Investigating Remittances Across Time and Place in the Eritrean Context
Get PDFRemittances have played crucial and shifting roles in Eritrea and its diaspora. They were fundamental to the achievement of national independence and are a resource with which the current government strengthens its power. Households have been reliant on remittances for survival, while for migrants they have been crucial to reinforce their sense of national belonging. Drawing from fieldwork, this article analyses remittances as a powerful tool to assess the ongoing (dis)connection between segments of the Eritrean diaspora and their homeland. The article firstly addresses financial remittances and shows how (in)formal flows play differing functions in relation to the government, communities, and families. Aft er highlighting how social remittances are contributing to current transformations within Eritrean society, it reflects on the potential role remittances may play in the future of the country