University of Hradec Králové Journals
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Personnel Structure and Transformations within the Group of Elected East Bohemian Deputies to the Federal Assembly during the Normalization Era
Full text linkStudie si klade za úkol představit statistickou analýzu personálních proměn poslanců Sněmovny lidu a Sněmovny národů Federálního shromáždění ČSSR, kteří byli zvoleni ve Východočeském kraji v průběhu voleb období normalizace (1971, 1976, 1981 a 1986). Poslanci jsou analyzováni na základě své politické kariéry, stranické příslušnosti, věkové struktury a profesní orientace a doby, kterou strávili výkonem poslaneckého mandátu.Personnel Structure and Transformations within the Group of Elected East Bohemian Deputies to the Federal Assembly during the Normalization Era The article aims to present a statistical analysis of personnel changes of deputies of the House of People and the House of Nations of the Federal Assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic who were elected in the East Bohemian Region during the elections of the era of normalization (1971, 1976, 1981 and 1986). The deputies are analyzed on the basis of their political career, party affiliation, age structure and professional orientation, and the time they spent exercising their parliamentary mandate
Islamic Feminism in Morocco: A Generational Comparison Between Fatima Mernissi and Asma Lamrabet
Full text linkThis article aims to analyse Islamic feminism in Morocco through the exegetical work carried out by two Moroccan activists, Fatima Mernissi (1940-2015) and Asma Lamrabet (b. 1961). Through a study of the traditional Islamic theories and texts translated by them, these two scholars illustrate a generational change in Moroccan activism. Using a theoretical framework such as the one proposed by anthropologist Talal Asad regarding Islam’s discursive tradition, it can instead be seen that, rather than a true generational change, what is occurring is a normal evolution of the primary theory attributable to Mernissi. With Lamrabet’s generation this theoryis becoming completely global, following specific historical and political events that have characterised Moroccan history
Jan Žižka, the Podkrušnohoří Region, and Chomutov in 1421: On the Conquest of Towns
Full text linkStudie se pokouší o rekonstrukci tažení husitských vojsk, pražského a táborského (vedeného Janem Žižkou), proti katolickým městským pevnostem v západních a severozápadních Čechách v prvním kvartálu roku 1421. Soustřeďuje se na dosud neuspokojivě objasněné a dlouhodobě diskutované problémy, především na Žižkovu osobní přítomnost při dobývání Chomutova (16. března 1421) i na počet chomutovských obětí; verifikuje též zprávy o usmrcování žen, dětí a Židů.Jan Žižka, the Podkrušnohoří Region, and Chomutov in 1421: On the Conquest of TownsThe study attempts to reconstruct the campaign of the Hussite armies from Prague and Tabor (led by Jan Žižka) against the Catholic urban fortresses in western and north-western Bohemia in the first quarter of 1421. It focuses on the still unsatisfactorily clarified and long-discussed issues, especially Žižka’s personal presence at the conquest of Chomutov (16 March 1421) and the number of Chomutov victims; it also verifies reports of the killing of women, children and Jews
Libor DENK – Barbora DIETRICHOVÁ – Vojtěch KESSLER, Šťastné a veselé. České Vánoce ve vzpomínkách pamětníků, Praha: Historický ústav AV ČR 2024, 420 s. ISBN: 978-80-7286-431-7.
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Model HTR Latin Sermons 11th–12th C.: Methodology, Transcription, Testing, and Evaluation
Full text linkStudie představuje metodologii tvorby modelu pro automatické rozpoznávání rukopisných textů (HTR) zaměřeného na latinské homilie z 11.–12. století. Model Latin Sermons 11th–12th C. byl trénován na datech pocházejících z osmi rukopisů uložených v knihovnách pěti evropských zemí, psaných pozdní karolinskou a raně gotickou minuskulou. Text se zaměřuje na přípravu tréninkových dat, volbu transkripčních pravidel a testování vlivu parametrů, jako je rozsah dat, počet tréninkových cyklů a využití base modelu. Výsledný model dosáhl míry chybovosti CER 5,7 % a prokázal vysokou adaptabilitu, čímž otevírá nové možnosti pro využití v rámci digital humanities.Model HTR Latin Sermons 11th–12th C.: Methodology, Transcription, Testing, and EvaluationThis study introduces the methodology behind creating a Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) model for Latin homilies from the 11th–12th centuries. The Latin Sermons 11th–12th C. model was trained on data originating from eight manuscripts held in libraries across five European countries, written in late Carolingian and early Gothic minuscule. The article focuses on preparing training data, selecting transcription rules, and testing parameters such as data volume, number of epochs, and the use of a base model. The final model achieved a Character Error Rate (CER) of 5.7 % and demonstrated high adaptability, thereby opening new possibilities for use within Digital Humanities
Hermann Kuen: A Bavarian Painter in the Service of the Auerspergs of Vlašim
Full text linkText přibližuje činnost bavorského malíře Hermanna Kuena v letech 1781–1805 v české Vlašimi u knížat z Auerspergu. Vzhledem k nedochovanosti jeho děl má význam biografická a sociologizující rovina, které sledují jeho pohyb v sociálních strukturách. Kuen se tak posouvá od malíře barokních církevních fresek 70. let do role hlavního dekoratéra krajinářského parku Karla Josefa Auersperga ve Vlašimi. A to v I. fázi parku, kdy Kuen vytváří mimo jiné exotickou výmalbu pavilonů, ale zřejmě i v pozdně sentimentální fázi parku za Viléma I. Auersperga kolem 1800, kdy je patrně také spoluautorem iluzivní fasády zámku.Hermann Kuen: A Bavarian Painter in the Service of the Auerspergs of VlašimThe text describes the activities of the Bavarian painter Hermann Kuen in the years 1781–1805 in the Bohemian town of Vlašim with the Princes of Auersperg. Due to the fact that his works are not preserved, the biographical and sociological levels, which trace his movement in social structures, are of importance. Kuen thus moves from being a painter of Baroque church frescoes in the 1770s to the role of chief decorator of the landscape park of Karel Josef Auersperg in Vlašim. This is in Phase I of the park, when Kuen creates, among other things, exotic paintings of the pavilions, but probably also in the late sentimental phase of the park under William I. Auersperg around 1800, when he is probably also the co-author of the illusory facade of the castle
Gender Politics in Nigeria: A Socio-Political Analysis of Women’s Perspectives on Feminism, Feminist Politics, and Democracy
Full text linkNigeria’s democracy exhibits gender-based inequalities that suppress women’s voices and disproportionately under-represent them inpolitical leadership. Using feminist political philosophy as its theoretical framework, and mixed methods to gather data, this study interrogated Nigerian feminism, feminist politics, and democracy through the lens of 100 working-class women. Findings reveal the existential struggles of participants whose material deprivation and political powerlessness have increased apathy towards gender politics, elections, and political institutions. Wedged between modernity and patriarchy, they reject Western notions of sexual liberalism and conceptualize democracy as necessary but incapable of ensuring economic progress – the end for which it exists. The arguments in the present article matter because they contribute to feminist/political scholarship in Nigeria
Hungarian Diplomacy towards Africa: Forging Bilateral Relations in the 1960s and 1970s
Full text linkOne of the defining facts of Hungary’s foreign policy is that it had political sovereignty only for short periods until 1989. At the beginning of the 1960s a pragmatic and constructive Hungarian foreign policy began to take shape, which, in the period of the détente within the Soviet Bloc, could follow a relatively independent path. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was one of its key relations, and it became one of the priority foreign policy directions of Hungarian diplomacy. The diplomatic steps taken towards SSA, and the formation of the Hungarian Africa policy during the détente period, we argue, offer relevant considerations from a pragmatic international relations perspective even today. Based on archival and printed press sources, the article provides an analysis of Hungary’s “African turn” between 1960 and 1970
Towards Decolonising African Political Values: A Critique of the Dominant Political Views and Practices in Nigeria
Full text linkSince independence, the political systems in African states have been western in character, and have, consequently, failed to synchronise with their peculiar realities, resulting in political crises, coups, and developmental woes. Nigeria – Africa’s largest democracy – is one of the states replete with colonially induced contradictions, controversies and developmental conundrum, and is the central focus of this paper. Using desk review of qualitative data, the paper establishes that Western political values operate more as liabilities than assets in Africa, hence the need for complete decolonisation – a multifaceted project that transcends the transfer of sovereignty. In line with a scholarly tradition that advocates the resurgence of functional African values, the paper makes a case for reforming African states’ structures, political systems, and economic systems as the surest route to completing the decolonisation project
