SAP Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine (Journal)
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Effects of cholinergic receptor activation and magnetic fields on motor behavior in ischemic gerbils
Full text linkIntroduction: ischemic stroke stands as a leading global cause of death and disability, prompting the need for animal model experiments in stroke research and the protection of motor function. Recently, magnetic fields have gained significant interest in various biological contexts, showing promise in preserving neurons and reversing behavioral and morphological changes in stroke models. This study explores the potential synergy between static magnetic field and nAChR agonist administration in safeguarding motor behavior in ischemic gerbils.
Objective: to determine whether the combined use of a static magnetic field and an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can preserve motor behavior in ischemic gerbils.
Methods: in this experimental study, 72 Mongolian gerbils were randomly allocated into nine groups (n=8): S, SISM, SINSM, ISM, INP, ISP, INSM, INNP, INSP, distributed according to surgical procedure and treatment. The animals were trained and evaluated on the Rotarod (RR) to assess motor performance.
Results: the main finding was the preservation of motor behavior in the Sham Ischemia and Nicotine and Sham Magnetic Stimulation (SINSM) and Ischemia and Nicotine and South Pole Magnetic Field (INSP) groups, as evidenced by the results of the RR test.
Conclusions: the findings are consistent with previous literature and provide insight into the mechanism of potentiation, as results showed that adding a nAChR agonist to the magnetic field preserved motor performance in the RR test of ischemic animals
Physiotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report
Full text linkAlzheimer\u27s disease is a progressive neurological condition characterized by brain changes resulting in the accumulation of specific proteins, leading to brain shrinkage and eventual cell death. It is the primary cause of dementia, resulting in a gradual decline in memory, cognition, behaviour, and social skills, impairing overall functionality. The case study involves an 84-year-old woman displaying symptoms of Alzheimer\u27s disease requiring physiotherapy rehabilitation. Assessment reveals joint pain, abnormal gait, respiratory issues due to pneumonia, reduced balance and cognitive function, concentration difficulties, impaired decision-making, fluctuating moods, and behavioural issues such as depression and aggression. Physical examination shows shoulder shrugging and slight tension in the upper trapezius muscle. The rehabilitation program involves various interventions like stretching, strengthening, aerobic exercises, breathing exercises, lung clearance techniques, active range of motion exercises, postural control, and gait training. The role of the physiotherapist is to address the both physical and cognitive decline and improve mood and behaviour
Innovating in Mental Health: Metacognitive Psychotherapy
Full text linkThis paper is a comprehensive review of the historical and conceptual development of psychotherapy, highlighting its evolution from a predominantly biological approach to a more integrative one that includes psychological and therapeutic methods. Psychotherapy, derived from the Greek roots "psyche" (mind) and "therapeia" (treatment), focuses on the treatment of mental and emotional problems through various psychological techniques. Originating from different psychological theories, psychotherapy has evolved into a diversified field with multiple approaches, including biological, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic-existentialist. The history of mental health treatments is addressed, from ancient practices based on magic and bodily moods to the development of more modern techniques such as animal magnetism, hypnosis, and behavioral therapy. The contemporary approach to psychotherapy recognizes the importance of cognitions and metacognitions in mental health. Third-generation therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, emphasize the importance of context and adaptability in the treatment of mental disorders
Effects of testosterone and physical exercise on muscle mass increase and fat tissue reduction: systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: in this systematic review, the authors have examined the effects of physical exercise on serum testosterone levels. Due to the differing ages and physical conditions of the individuals studied and the various protocols used, the results obtained are highly controversial. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that there is a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels when exercises of submaximal and maximal intensity are performed. Conversely, a significant decrease in this hormone occurs when exercise is prolonged to exhaustion, both in young and adult individuals, being more pronounced in those better conditioned.
Objectives: to investigate the potential effects of testosterone treatment in combination with physical exercise in achieving an increase in muscle mass volume and tissue loss.
Methods: s systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed/Medline, SciELO, SCALE, and Google Scholar databases from inception to October 2023. Clinical trials were sought using keywords related to testosterone, BMI, and steroids. This review included clinical studies whose primary objective is to investigate the potential effects of testosterone treatment in combination with physical exercise for gaining muscle mass volume and tissue loss.
Results: exercise of submaximal and maximal intensity consistently increased plasma testosterone levels, while prolonged exercise leading to exhaustion showed a significant decrease, especially in wellconditioned individuals. However, the overall impact of testosterone treatment combined with exercise on muscle mass gain and tissue loss remains inconclusive and necessitates further rigorous investigation through controlled clinical trials.
Conclusion: the literature review suggests a need for further rigorous clinical trials to ascertain the efficacy and safety of such combined interventions, considering potential adverse events associated with testosterone treatment
Assessment of the efficacy in athletes and non-athletes of the use of creatine monohydrate in physical exercise: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: considering the growing awareness of the population regarding the importance of engaging in physical activity, the utilization of supplements, such as creatine monohydrate, is also expanding in search of the attributed benefits of these substances. This study describes and analyzes the relationship between supplementation with creatine monohydrate and the improvement in the athletic performance of athletes from various disciplines and training levels, as well as non-athletes.
Material and method: a systematic review of clinical trials that address the use of creatine monohydrate in various sports contexts was conducted, followed by an analysis of the results based on body composition, jump capacity, and strength performance to determine points of correlation between the data presented in each publication.
Results: a significant improvement in body composition, jump capacity, and strength performance was observed among participants who used supplementation, although in many cases, the results were heterogeneous.
Conclusions: creatine monohydrate supplementation positively influences body composition and physical performance, but further research is needed to understand its effects in specific populations
Prevalence of congenital malformations of the lumbar spine in pre-occupational exams
Full text linkBackground: the vertebral column is a structure that develops over a short period of time, which makes it vulnerable to alterations in its morphology and vertebral conformation. Its embryological development occurs in early stages, between the fourth and sixth week approximately. These alterations can give rise to the appearance of congenital anomalies, which, if functionally viable in the neonatal/infantile period, can generate pain syndromes in working age, which increases the number of work absenteeism. Plain radiography is the most widely used diagnostic modality at the time of diagnosis of these congenital entities, as well as their clinical follow-up. The objective of this work is to know the prevalence of congenital malformations of the lumbar spine in a company that receives occupational medicine during 2021.
Material and methods: front and profile lumbar spine radiographs were used, with a radiological report by a specialist, to patients who attended the company from January 2021 to December 2021. From this, the total number of patients evaluated was taken and prevalence statistics were performed congenital pathology of the lumbar spine.
Results: Of the 855 patients studied, the presence of congenital lumbar malformation was found in 138, that is, 16,14 % of the total.
Conclusion: Lumbar congenital malformation is a problem for the population of active working age. Given the high prevalence, it reinforces the need to carry out complete pre-occupational studies for primary health prevention in workers who may develop low back pain
Surgical treatment versus conservative treatment in stable acute scaphoid fractures: systematic review
Full text linkBackground: regarding carpal fractures, scaphoid fractures are among the most common. The approach to this type of fracture can be surgical or non-surgical, the treatment depends on factors that include mainly the degree of displacement of the bone fragment, joint instability, and the location of the fracture within the anatomy of the bone. The surgical approach or conservative treatment generates great questions when choosing the best method for the treatment of stable scaphoid fractures, with conservative management currently being the most widely used. The systematic review aims to determine whether surgical treatment can supplant orthopedic treatment.
Material and methods: a manual literature search was performed in the PubMed database during the period from 2004 to 2022. The keywords included "Scaphoid Bone"; “Fractures, Bone” and "Therapeutics". The titles, abstracts and full articles were examined, extracting the data. Fourteen articles consisting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were selected, as well as five publications composed of "Randomized Controlled Trial" and "Clinical Trial" studies. No language restrictions were applied.
Results: five jobs were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two groups were formed, one that underwent surgical treatment and the other a conservative approach. The time of return to work was evaluated being faster in surgical treatment versus conservative, as well as complications in both treatments, with surgical approach having the highest rate of complications.
Conclusion: surgical treatment has a high rate of complications, which must be evaluated when selecting it as a therapeutic option, being at the same time the one that brings the best results in terms of early return to work or sports activity. On the other hand, conservative treatment appears to be safer, with a lower rate of complications, but a later return to work
Occupational Psychosocial Factors and Stress in the Medical Assistance Personnel
Full text linkObjective: to determine the psychosocial labor factors and stress in the medical personnel of a Municipality located in the State of Aragua - Venezuela, during the years 2022 - 2023.
Methods: This field research, within the positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, observational design, descriptive level and cross-section, included the participation of 24 attending physicians who had introduced rest for mental health, during the months of January and June of the year 2022; therefore, the sample was census. The survey was used as a data collection technique and the Chilean version Suseso-Istas 21 was used as a questionnaire.
Results: the most unfavorable levels were obtained in the dimensions: (95,8 %) psychological demands, Compensation (75,0 %), Social support and leadership quality (70,8 %) and Double presence (66,6 %). According to the Karasek, Johnson and Hall model, it was established that the type of work they do is high voltage.
Conclusion: medical care personnel are exposed to psychosocial risk factors that may be causing chronic diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to apply strategies aimed at minimizing the psychosocial risk to which they are exposed
Physiological impact of breathing on health and stress level
Full text linkIntroduction: there are numerous publications comparing the results, of a group of people who practice a particular type of meditation for a certain period of time, called the evaluation group, with another group of people who do not meditate, commonly referred to as the control group, and statistics such as confidence intervals, "p" value, etc. are presented. On the impact of meditation on stress. While this work has had a great impact on a large number of people, there is still considerable disbelief, particularly in the academic and scientific world.
Methods: a prototype heart rate recorder was built using an Arduino UNO board and an AD8232 Heart Rate Monitor, which uses the ECG principle for its operation. An algorithm was implemented for the detection and calculation of RR time intervals, based on the analog signal coming from the AD8232 sensor.
Results: the frequency of the respiratory signal is higher than the frequency of the cardiac signal, in statistical terms, they are not correlated (correlation close to 0), while, on the right side, the frequencies of the two signals are similar (statistically, the correlation is close to 1), and in this case, it is said that the person acquires "cardiac coherence", or "coherent state". The 5-5 breathing pattern does not necessarily lead to this result. In addition to the breathing pattern used, the correlation between the respiratory and cardiac signal depends on other factors, related to the state of health and the level of stress.
Conclusions: from the understanding of the benefits achieved by adopting a particular breathing pattern, the reader is motivated to experience the transformative potential that this technique can have on his or her own organism. The aim is to encourage one\u27s own experience of the effectiveness of these techniques and, in turn, to awaken interest in exploring deeper physiological changes that can be achieved through more advanced meditation practices, which can have a significant impact on health and stress management
Exploring the integration of emotional, cognitive and physiological processing in preschool
Full text linkIntroduction: in recent decades, great importance has been given to the joint study of emotional, cognitive, and physiological processes. Emotions play an important role in allowing the regulation and adaptation of people to the environment, which is key to mental and physical health and well-being. However, little research analyzes the integration of these processes in preschoolers. The present study analyzes the emotional, cognitive, and physiological processing of 4- and 5-year-old girls and boys.
Methods: forty-two 4- and 5-year-old children participated and were administered a Stroop-type task under a neutral or positive condition to analyze the effect of emotional valence on performance and heart rate.
Results: an increase in heart rate was found during the Stroop-like task in both conditions. A decrease in heart rate was also observed in the positive condition of the task in the girl group and the 5-year-old group. Finally, heart rate variability correlated inversely with reaction time in the neutral condition.
Discussion: the results show that cognitive demand increases heart rate beyond task valence and that positive valence decreases heart rate as a function of age and gender. These findings emphasize integrating individual characteristics when studying emotional, cognitive, and physiological processing during development and considering biopsychosocial health