SAP Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine (Journal)
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Implementation of high-flow nasal cannula in de novo hypoxemia failure in adult patients
Full text linkBackground: in the 21st century, community-acquired pneumonia constitutes the most frequent cause of death of infectious etiology in developed countries, contributing to high incidence, morbidity and mortality. Respiratory failure caused by pneumonia generates a significant compromise in oxygenation, where therapy is essential. Recently, high-flow oxygen therapy has emerged as an alternative to conventional oxygen therapy in patients with severe respiratory failure. High-flow oxygen therapy consists of the application of a gas flow of up to 60 L/min through nasal cannulas. This system is tolerable by the patient because the inspired gas is heated and humidified (temperature 34-37°C, generating a relative humidity of 100 %). The effects of high-flow nasal cannula therapy are: less dilution of administered oxygen with room air, decreased dead space (and carbon dioxide scavenging), generation of positive airway pressure, increased circulating volume, decreased respiratory work and improved mucociliary transport.
Material and methods: the study design is a systematic review for which a search and evaluation of the existing literature and previous research on high-flow nasal cannula was carried out through the databases of Pubmed, Google Academic, Cochrane Library, among others. . For this, inclusion criteria were used: adult patients over 18 years of age, patients with hypoxemia failure with pneumonia pathology, de novo hypoxemia. Written in Spanish and English.
Results: an exhaustive bibliographic search was carried out through various academic storage sites such as Pubmed, Google Academic, Cohrane Library, among others. A total of 146 articles were found respecting the inclusion criteria, 9 were used to carry out this work.
Conclusion: there are many pathologies that cause hypoxemia, this being a cause of great mortality. Describe the implementation of the use of high-flow nasal cannula, as well as its advantages compared to standard oxygen therapy treatments, offering medical personnel an alternative to having orotracheal intubation as the first choice. This provides great benefits to the patient, such as a shorter hospital stay. Reduces hospital and specialized personnel costs, the treatment with a high-flow nasal cannula is easy to use and has better patient tolerance
Active breaks as a tool for well-being and productivity
Full text linkThe text presented Dorothea Orem\u27s Self-Care Theory as a basis for understanding the importance of maintaining health at work. It pointed out that self-care was a learned and guided activity, while self-care deficits required nursing support systems. This perspective was linked to the workplace, where workers identified capabilities, limitations, and internal and external factors that influenced their well-being. Active breaks were highlighted as a concrete practice of self-care, preserving health and preventing illnesses that affected productivity and performance.DEVELOPMENTThe history of “break gymnastics” was described from its origins in Europe to its institutionalization in Japan and its worldwide expansion. Active breaks were defined as short exercises involving breathing, stretching, joint mobility, coordination, and flexibility, performed during the workday to recover energy and reduce fatigue. Physiological, psychological, social, and economic benefits were highlighted, including a decrease in accidents, increased productivity, and reduced healthcare costs. It was recommended that they be practiced twice a day for five to ten minutes. Barriers such as lack of time, space, or management support were also noted, as were facilitators such as a culture of self-care and adequate organization. In addition, they were related to ergonomics, the prevention of sedentary lifestyles, and performance evaluation, factors that conditioned their effectiveness.CONCLUSIONThe analysis concluded that integrating Orem\u27s theory with active breaks strengthened health and work performance. The sustainability of these programs depended on institutional commitment, ergonomic design, and fair evaluations. Consolidating a culture of self-care represented a low-cost, high-impact strategy for achieving healthy and humanized work environments
Frequency of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and their risk factors in young athletes attended at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Center of the city of Rosario (Argentina) in the year 2023
Full text linkIntroduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most important stabilizers of the knee that prevents anterior translation of the tibia over the femur. ACL injuries commonly occur during sports and are usually caused by sudden stops or changes in direction during running, jumping and landing.Objective: To describe the frequency of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and their risk factors in young athletes attended at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Center of the city of Rosario (Argentina) in the year 2023.Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Center (COT) from April to September 2023. The population consisted of all patients aged between 18 and 25 years, regardless of sex, who practice high-impact sports on the knee and who consulted for knee injury. The collection instrument was the medical records. The variables were summarized through central position measures (mean) and dispersion measures (range and standard deviation) and expressed in absolute and relative frequency.Results: Thirty medical records were analyzed, of which 100% presented some ACL injury. The mean age was 21.57 ± 2.30 years, 67% were male and 33% female. Regarding the type of injury, 63% presented sprain and 37% tear. Twenty-seven percent played field hockey and rugby respectively, 20% played soccer, 13% basketball, 10% tennis and 3% volleyball. The risk factors associated with ACL injuries found in the studied population were among the intrinsic (50%) the neuromuscular deficit (37%) and genetic risk (13%); while among the extrinsic (23%) were the type of footwear (13%) used and the surface of the field (10%).Conclusions: Patients with ACL injuries evaluated were on average 21.57 ± 2.30 years old with a male: female ratio of 2:1. The most common symptoms were walking instability, edema, swelling, and pain. The most common sports associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuries were field hockey, rugby and soccer. Neuromuscular deficit, genetic risk, improper footwear and unstable field surface were found to be risk factor
Motor behavior improvement in ischemic gerbils by cholinergic receptor activation and treadmill training
Full text linkIntroduction: treadmill exercise training is one of the most investigated non-pharmacological treatment options for experimental brain ischemia. However, the cholinergic system is essential for improving motor behavior responses.
Objective: to analyze the effects of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) on the motor behavior of ischemic gerbils subjected to forced treadmill training.
Methods: in this experimental study, 72 gerbils, weighing 65–80 g, were divided into eight groups: Sal, Ni1, Ni2, Ni4, I, INi1, INi2, and INi4. Behavioral assessment was initiated 24 hours after the last motor stimulation on the treadmill. Rotarod test (RR) was employed to analyze animal behavior. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Newman-Keuls post hoc test evidenced differences detected between groups.
Results: data regarding the RR test revealed decreased time spent on the RR apparatus for the Ni1, Ni4, and I group compared to the Sal and Ni2 groups. However, the INi1 and INi2 groups showed increased time spent compared with the ischemia and INi4 groups (F7,64=4,63; p<0,05).
Conclusions: the present study indicates that treadmill training with a concomitant 1 and 2 mg/kg of nAChR agonist effectively improves the behavior of ischemic gerbils
Level of active break practices among fire department personnel, Santo Domingo, 2024
Full text linkActive breaks are short periods of physical activities that are carried out during work days, to reduce the negative effects of work. Carrying out these activities does not require stopping activities in the company, it is enough to take a few minutes every two hours for the worker to do the various types of exercises. This research aims to measure the level of active practices in the personnel of the Santo Domingo Fire Department, 2024. Methodologically, it was developed under the quantitative approach as a descriptive level field research, with a basic purpose and with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 95 active workers of the fire department to whom a questionnaire was applied that, through a scale, allowed measuring the level of active breaks. As main results, the majority of firefighters are between 18 and 30 years old (48.4%), with a predominance of the male gender (57.9%) and working mainly in the operational area (58.9%). 13.7% take active breaks regularly, while 83.2% do so occasionally, indicating an urgent need to promote these breaks. Although 80% take short breaks occasionally, only 21.1% perform stretching exercises regularly. Overall, 61.05% of staff have an adequate level of active breaks in their work routine, while 38.94% maintain a moderate level of these practices, highlighting the importance of institutionalizing these practices to improve health, reduce stress and increase effectiveness in fulfilling their responsibilities
Iatrogenic allogenesis and autoimmune diseases
Full text linkIntroduction. Iatrogenic allogenesis is currently a public health problem due to the constant increase in cases, especially in underdeveloped countries. Objective. To characterize patients diagnosed with iatrogenic allogenesis. Methods. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 23 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of iatrogenic allogenesis. Adverse reactions, the appearance of autoimmune diseases, and their association with the type of substance injected were described. Results. Women aged 30-39 years, single, and with non-university education predominated. 48% of patients received the infiltration by stylists in beauty salons. The most common infiltration area was the face, and 39% of patients did not know the substance that was injected. Granulomatous reactions, generalized pain, and nodule formation predominated, associated with all the molding agents used and with injections in the face. Contour changes and asymmetry were associated with the use of silicones and biopolymers and were more common with injections in the face and buttocks. 47.8% of patients were diagnosed with autoimmune diseases, with vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus being the most common. 63.6% of those diagnosed with autoimmune diseases were infiltrated with substances of unknown type. Conclusions. Granulomatous reactions, generalized pain, and nodule formation predominated, along with the diagnosis of vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus; these were more frequently associated with the injection of substances of unknown origin and compositio
Effect of cranial base release and swallowing exercises in rehabilitation of post-operative total thyroidectomy patient: a case report
Full text linkThyroidectomy is a widely practiced surgical intervention with low mortality and morbidity rates; however, it can result in long-term complications impacting health and social well-being. Early physical rehabilitation programs have been shown to effectively address issues such as swallowing difficulties and motor function impairment in the neck and shoulders, thereby improving the overall quality of life for patients. This study aimed to assess the impact of cranial base release in conjunction with swallowing exercises on the post-surgery recovery of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. A 29-year-old male patient presented with swelling on the left side of the neck, along with pain during neck movements, speech difficulties, and swallowing issues. The patient\u27s neck range of motion, swallowing impairment score, and neck pain and disability scale were measured both before and after treatment. The patient underwent a six-week rehabilitation program consisting of cranial base release, swallowing exercises, and conventional physiotherapy sessions twice daily. The combined approach of cranial base release and swallowing exercises resulted in significant improvements in neck range of motion, swallowing impairment score, and neck pain and disability scale for patients following total thyroidectomy. This study highlights the beneficial effects of integrating cranial base release with swallowing exercises in the rehabilitation of post-operative total thyroidectomy patient, offering promising outcomes for their recovery
Fahr\u27s disease in a patient with sensorineural hypoacusia: case report
No full textIntroduction: Fahr\u27s disease is a rare pathology characterized by idiopathic calcium deposits in basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. They are generally found in individuals with a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Various syndromes, whether metabolic, hereditary or acquired, are among its possible etiologies.Case report: a 47 – year-old male patient with a personal pathological history of type I diabetes mellitus and hearing loss since the age of 22. It began 2 years ago with psychiatric manifestations characterized by behavioral disorder, aggressiveness and alterations in higher mental functions. These symptoms worsened until psychosis. Given the marked resistance to antipsychotic treatment, a CT scan was performed where calcifications were visualized in the basal ganglia and other areas of the cerebral cortex.Conclusions: neuroimaging is essential for the detection and treatment of these patients in a relevant and appropriate manner
Prediction of anthropometric variables in standing position in Venezuelan direct labor workers
Full text linkThe present research aims to predict anthropometric variables in workers of direct industrial labor force in bipedestation, with mathematical models or algorithms such as linear or multiple regression models, which facilitate the measurement process reducing costs and time in the research. The methodology was applied to a population sample of 185 workers (131M,54W) of Venezuelan industrial direct labor, located in the industrial zones of Aragua state, being its research level correlational-transversal-epidemiological. The research made use of the statistical procedure of linear and multiple regressions with the support of the mini tab-17 statistical package. From the statistical assumptions, the obtained functions of simple and multiple regression in the anthropometric variables in bipedestation, show us significant models (Average 95 %) for a P-value<0, 05 by age group and sex, which will allow to reduce the costs and time in the anthropometric measurements of the industrial direct labor workers in Venezuel
Self-medication in nursing students
Full text linkObjective: to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the practice of self-medication among undergraduate nursing students at a private institution in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Methodology: descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 99 nursing students who were administered a self-medication instrument.
Results: a total of 99 students aged between 25 and 35 years were interviewed. Most of them were female (82,83 %) and in their first year of study (29,29 %). The prevalence of self-medication was 100 %. Television and social networks were the main sources of information about medicines; the symptoms that motivated self-medication were pain and cold, and consequently the most used medicines were analgesics (82,83 %) and anti-influenza medicines (78,79 %). When asked where they obtained the medicines, 79,80 % obtained them from pharmacies and 48,48 % from relatives.
Conclusions: the prevalence of self-medication was high and was mainly related to the availability of economic resources to access medicines and the possibility of buying them at the pharmacy without a prescription. It is necessary to implement activities to guarantee the responsible use of medicines among nursing students