The University of Chlef Journals
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اتجاهات السياحة البيئية في الدول العربية تجارب كل من مصر،الامارات العربية المتحدة والأردن - –: Ecotourism trends in the Arab countries - the experiences of Egypt - the United Arab Emirates and Jordan
No full textAbstract:Ecotourism trends in the Arab countries - the experiences of Egypt - the United Arab Emirates and Jordan –Ecotourism is one of the most important subsectors that contribute to the development of the tourism industry and due to global economic conditions, political conditions and natural disasters, ecotourism revenues are not stable. Although it is the largest and fastest growing industry worldwide, accounting for 10% of the world\u27s GDP, 7% of the world\u27s tourism market, and creating 1 to 10 jobs, according to the World Tourism OrganizationIn our study, we focused on leading Arab experiences in the field of ecotourism, the most important of which are Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Jordan and the most important ecotourism products offered by these countrie
التسويق السياحي ودوره في تحسين آداء الوكالات السياحية _دراسة حالة مجموعة من وكالات السفر بعين الدفلى_: Tourism marketing and its role in improving the performance of tourism agencies _A case study of a group of travel agencies in Ain Defla_
No full textAbstract:
This study aimed to shed light on the nature of the relationship between the elements of the tourism marketing mix and its relationship to the performance of tourism agencies in the state of Ain Defla.
The study relied in its methodological approach on the inductive approach through the tools of description and statistical analysis, based on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting information, Where an intentional sample was surveyed, consisting of all 30 workers of the agencies under study in the studied period, and 26 questionnaires were retrieved after they were distributed.
The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:
- The results of the study proved that the relationship between physical evidence and pricing of tourism services is the strongest correlated with a value of 0.767 with a probability of 0.000, and on the other hand, the relationship between performance and tourism distribution is the weakest with a value of 0.134, in addition between each of (tourism product, tourism pricing, tourism promotion, tourism distribution, physical evidence, individuals) and performance, while there is no relationship between operations and performance.%- The results of the study confirmed the existence of a direct statistically significant relationship at level 5.
 
Assessment Of The Quality Of Sheepmeat Consumed In Some Regions Of Algeria.
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the quality of sheepmeat marketed in three Algerian regions (Djelfa, Tiaret and Relizane). Samples were taken at random directly after slaughter from a leg of lamb of the local breed, aged between six and eight months and of uniform size. The results obtained showed a water deficiency (dehydration of the three meats), a pH ranging between 5.41 ± 0.82 and 5.64 ± 0.2, and a good water retention capacity in the meat from Relizane compared with the meat from Djelfa and Tiaret. The levels of dry matter, minerals, lipids and proteins are fairly similar and in line with the standards set by the official Algerian journal. In the Tiaret and Relizane regions, the microbiological quality of the meat was satisfiying, while that of Djelfa was considered unsatisfactory due to an excessive concentration of faecal coliforms, which exceeded established standards. Based on these findings, we infer that slaughter conditions, handling, preservation methods and production methods (feeding during the dry season) have an impact on the quality of sheepmeat
Productivité Et Usage Des Parcours Bovins Dans La Préfecture De Tchamba Au Togo
No full textL’élevage des ruminants dans les pays en développement reste tributaire de la disponibilité des ressources fourragères. L’étude réalisée le long des couloirs de transhumance de la préfecture de Tchamba au Togo a : (i) évalué les valeurs d’usage des plantes fourragères, la disponibilité et les pratiques endogènes de gestion des pâturages ; (ii) estimé la productivité et la capacité de charge du pâturage et (iii) déterminé la qualité et la valeur pastorale des parcours bovins. Elle s’est basée sur l’analyse des données d’inventaires phytosociologiques et écologiques ainsi que des entretiens individuels des éleveurs le long des couloirs de transhumance. Les plantes les plus rapportées ont été : Andropogon gayanus kunth var. tridentatus Hack. (100 %), Panicum maximum Jacq. (96,55 %), Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalz (79,31 %), Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv. (79,31 %) et Adansonia digitata L. (72,41 %). Une florule de 109 espèces dont 53,33 % d’arbres et arbustes ont été recensé. Cette florule est dominée par les microphanérophytes (31,84 %) et les nanophanérophytes (29,78 %). La productivité moyenne est de 2227 kg MS/ha donnant une capacité de charge de 0,33 UBT/ha/an. La flore fourragère est dominée par les espèces de faible valeur pastorale (55 %). Un enrichissement des pâturages en plantes fourragères ligneux et herbacées garantirait une meilleure alimentation des animaux et limiterait la divagation de ces derniers dans les espaces agraires riverains, sources de conflits agriculteurs-éleveurs. Par ailleurs un aménagement des aires d’abreuvement pour les animaux s’avère nécessaire
Inhibition De L’oxydation De L’huile De Tournesol Produite En Algerie Par Les Produits De Maillard
No full textDescription du sujet : Depuis sa mise en évidence, la réaction de Maillard à été utilisée depuis de très nombreuses années pour produire des aliments qui paraissent attractifs pour les consommateurs ; elle peut conduire à la formation de couleur, favoriser la formation de flaveurs agréables ou bien devenir rance et produire de composés antioxydants ou de composés toxiques. Objectifs : l’objectif de ce travail est de synthétiser les produits de Maillard, d’étudier le pouvoir antioxydant de ses produits dans la lutte contre l’oxydation des lipides dans l’huile de Tournesol, de contrôler l’évolution de l’oxydation produite lors de stockage et finalement de comparer l’effet des produits de synthèse obtenus par l’effet antioxydant de l’acide citrique. Méthodes : On compare l’effet protecteur de l’acide citrique et les produits de la réaction de Maillard, issus des solutions aqueuses Glucose/Ac Aminé chauffées dans différentes conditions de température, de la durée et de la concentration des solutions. Le développement de la réaction de Maillard est évalué par spectrophotométrie à 420 nm. Résultats : Plus la couleur est importante et plus intense, plus la réaction est avancée. L’analyse de l’acidité et l’indice de peroxyde, nous a permis d’évaluer l’oxydation des lipides de l’huile additionnée de diffèrents modèles de produits de Maillard. L’oxydation des lipides évolue différemment en fonction des couples Glucose/acide aminé (Substrats de Maillard), dont certains possèdent une activité antioxydante vis-à-vis des lipides dans les huiles végétales. Conclusion : Le traitement appliqué à l\u27huile de tournesol, a provoqué une détérioration de haut niveau avec développement de la rancidité oxydante et permettent en relief l’avantage que peuvent présenter les produits de Maillard et élucident leur potentiel antioxydant. Des pertes significatives dans l\u27acide gras essentiel étaient également évidentes dans l\u27huile de tournesol soumise à un traitement thermique
قياس ونمذجة العائد الفائض في الأسواق المالية دراسة حالة بورصة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية 2015- 2022: Measuring and modeling excess return in financial markets, a case study of the US Stock Exchange 2015-2022
No full textThe aim of this work is to establish an instrument of decision that allow to the investor to choose between the investment with risk and the investment without risk which are represented in our application respectively by the financial index American S&P500 and the Treasury bound T-Bill with data covered the period 01/02/2015 to 12/12/2022. A model ARCH describes the instrument of decisionwhere the important conclusion was, in long term, the investment with risk générer a profit greater than the investment without risk by 0.041%
Challenges of Innovative Institutions in the Tourism Sector in Algeria: A Sample Study of Start-ups
No full textThis study aims to investigate the challenges faced by innovative institutions in Algeria\u27s tourism sector by examining the most significant obstacles encountered by tourism Start-ups within their ecosystem. Through a sample of emerging tourism start-ups in Algeria, the research aims to delve into various challenges: legal and administrative hurdles, commercial and marketing challenges, and service-related and financial challenges confronting the operations of these startups. The findings elucidate that the foremost administrative and legal challenge facing tourism Startups in Algeria is the absence of integration and collaboration among stakeholders in the ecosystem. Additionally, there is a notable challenge in terms of e-governance. Concerning service-related challenges, grappling with the nature of the financial and tax system, as well as e-payment, stands out as one of the most significant obstacles facing the activities of these institutions. Regarding commercial and marketing challenges, marketing services on the international market pose a substantial hurdle
آثار الاستثمار على الاقتصاد العراقي: The impact of investment on the Iraqi economy
No full text بينت الدراسات والابحاث أن للاستثمار جملة من المنافع التي تعود على الاقتصاد الوطني بل باتت تعد أداة لتحقيق اهداف إقتصادية واجتماعية , وإن من أهم الأهداف وهو تحقيق الأبعاد التنموية , وخلق فرص العمل لتقليل من البطالة والفقر وجذب العملات والاجنبية فضلا عن جذب رؤوس الأموال الوطنية المهاجرة . ويساهم في نقل وتوطين التقنية المتطورة من الدول المتقدمة من خلال جذب الاستثمارات الاجنبية سيما المباشرة وعن طريق توفير البنى التحتية , اضافة الى ذلك فان وجود سياسات واجراءات تؤثر في النهوض بالواقع الاقتصادي العراقي الاحادي الجانب . ومن خلال الإسهام في المشاريع الاستثمارية التي تؤدي الى تنشيط قطاع الزراعة والصناعة والسياحة وتطوير المرافق السياحية من تنويع مصادر الدخل . وعليه فان للاستثمار اثار ايجابية نقل الطرائق العلمية في الادارة والانتاج , وكذلك يؤثر الاستثمار في تنمية وتطوير البنى التحتية والمتمثلة بالمرافق الخدمية المتنوعة ومحطات الكهرباء وشبكات الماء والصرف الصحي والطرق . وكذلك فان الاستثمار له اثار ايجابية في زيادة التشابكات القطاعية , وتحقيق التنمية البشرية وتطوير مهارات العاملين في القطاعات الاقتصادية المختلفة . Studies and research have shown that investment has a number of benefits that accrue to the national economy. Indeed, it has become a tool for achieving economic and social goals. One of the most important goals is achieving development dimensions, creating job opportunities to reduce unemployment and poverty, attracting foreign currencies, as well as attracting national migratory capital. It contributes to the transfer and localization of advanced technology from developed countries by attracting foreign investments, especially direct, and by providing infrastructure. In addition, the presence of policies and procedures affects the advancement of the unilateral Iraqi economic reality. By contributing to investment projects that lead to the revitalization of the agricultural, industrial and tourism sectors and the development of tourist facilities to diversify sources of income. Accordingly, investment has positive effects in transferring scientific methods in management and production. Investment also affects the development and development of infrastructure, represented by various service facilities, electricity stations, water and sewage networks, and roads. Likewise, investment has positive effects in increasing sectoral interactions, achieving human development and developing the skills of workers in different economic sectors.  
The missing balance in offering degrees: case study of the Senegalese Virtual University (SVU)
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to identify the main challenges faced by public policy makers when planning to offer university degrees. Since higher education has to deal ex-ante with the concept of performance, according to the new public management (NPM) theory, it is assumed that job creation and inclusiveness are the primary goals.
The research addresses the question of how to enhance employability and inclusiveness among youth in future. To achieve this objective, a case study of the Senegalese Virtual University (SVU) during 2013-2022 was analyzed to derive some conclusions and recommendations.
The main results of our study are as follows:
Partnership between government and business (G to B) is crucial for the success of higher education strategies to mitigate the problem of unemployment.
Curricula and courses offered by the Ministry of Higher Education must align with the market demands for employment.
 
The Conflict over Resources in Sudan between Major Powers - Economic Impacts and Geopolitical Consequences
No full textEnergy sources are not only crucial for economic development but also significant in shaping the policies of both producing and consuming countries. These strategic resources have the power to influence the decision-making processes, in cases of cooperation, competition, and even conflict. Sudan, in particular, has recognition as a region of contentions, with major powers engaging in fierce competition over its resources. thus, the country\u27s lands have become battlegrounds of varying intensity, as different stakeholders strive to secure their access to and control over these valuable energy sources.By focusing on Sudan as a case study, where there are numerous vital resources and a multitude of competitors, it can gain insights into the nature of geoeconomic competition and the factors contributing to the stagnation of development in the country, as it can uncover the underlying dynamics and potential strategies for promoting growth and maximizing Sudan\u27s potential