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السياحة البيئية في السودان ومهدداتها: حالة دراسة محمية الدندر القومية: Ecotourism in Sudan and its Threats: The Case Study of the Dinder National Reserve
No full textAbstract:This paper aims to shed light on the Dinder National Reserve, which is undoubtedly considered one of the most important reserves in the Northeast African region and represents an attraction for the so-called ecotourism, as this paper touched on the concept of ecotourism, its types, natural reserves, the Dinder Reserve, tourist attractions and some archaeological sites in it and the most important threats that affected and affect it, such as agricultural and pastoral expansion, the spread of weapons, poaching, deliberate or unintentional ignition of fires, climate change and tribal conflicts that lead to To expand and settle within the natural habitats of animals, and accordingly, the study recommends providing the necessary protection for the Dander Reserve from any risks that may affect it, spreading awareness among the population of the importance of wildlife and natural reserves, introducing them to the related tourist attractions, conducting annual environmental festivals and awareness programs in the reserve, involving local communities in the reserve, displaying and opening a market for their traditional and local products, and the study also recommends the development of deterrent and effective laws regarding wildlife in order to preserve them and provide the necessary needs. For the reserve and financial support b
Paul Recoeur and the Philosophy-History Dialogue
Get PDFيقدم "ريكور" تصوره الفلسفي للتاريخ من منطلق خلفية الرفض لأي محاولة فلسفية تدعي لنفسها القدرة على القبض على معنى التاريخ وكأنه معنى جاهز منذ البداية، وهو تصور يعمل من خلاله على تحرير التاريخ من هيمنة النسق الفلسفي التقليدي، ويدعو إلى فهم التاريخ الإنساني على ضوء قراءة جديدة ومبتكرة لتاريخ الفلسفة، قراءة تتميز أولا بكونها وليدة حركة إصغاء مستمرة وعلاقة حوار شاقة وعسيرة مع مختلف النماذج التفسيرية السائدة في مجال المعرفة الإنسانية عموما، والمعرفة التاريخية خصوصا، وثانيا بما كشفته من فعالية وحيوية بفضل استيعابها للدرس الإبستمولوجي في مجال الدراسات النقدية التاريخية، سواء على مستوى الطروحات التي غلب عليها الطابع الميتودولوجي أكثر، كما هو الحال مع مدرسة الحوليات الفرنسية وما لحقها من تطوير مع أنصار موجة "التاريخ الجديد"في فرنسا، أو تلك التي استغرقت جهودها في تناول إشكالية التاريخ من الناحية الإبستمولوجية الخالصة ( مثلما هو الحال مع "ريمون آرون" و "هنري مارو" و "بول فاين"(P. Veyne) )، والتي تعد استمرارا لما عرف في ألمانيا تحديدا "بالفلسفة النقدية للتاريخ".
Recoeur’s philosophical conception of History has rejected any philosophical thought which assumes that history is predefined or can be defined. His conception transcends conventional philosophical modes of enquiry. Recoeur suggests that a new philosophical reading of history is crucial. This novel reading ought to be the result of a process of continuous dialogue and conversation with different methods of interpretations in the field of the humanities and historical knowledge. This unconventional reading of history should also accommodate both epistemological and methodological modes of historical enquiry like in the case of the wave of “New History” is France which offered a methodological study of history; and those historical studies which were purely epistemological like the ones conducted by Raymond Aron, Henry Marou and Paul Veyne, of which they unfold under what is known in Germany as Critical Philosophy of History
The Romantic Movement and its Impact on the Emergence of German Nationalism
Get PDFمع أواخر القرن الثامن عشر، تجاوز الفكر الألماني تدريجيا تلك النزعة العالمية التي يدافع عنها الفكر الأنواري، وقدم الإسهامات الأولى لبعث الشعور القومي حول فكرة تفوق الثقافة الألمانية ورسالتها التربوية للنوع الإنساني. ومن هنا، كانت الرومانسية الألمانية ذات مرجعية قومية بامتياز.
إن بروز التيار الرومانسي شكل حلقة جديدة من سلسلة الصراعات التييخوضها العقل الإنساني مع نفسه، ففي الوقت الذي قامت فيه "الأنوار" لمحاربة كل أنماط التفكير الغامض المستجيب لنزوات العاطفة وجموح الخيال المفضي إلى استسلام العقل، قامت الرومانسية لفضح هذا العقل الذي يظل سجينا لفكرة الوضوح والبداهة الزائفة التي تجعل بينه وبين متطلبات الحياة الأساسية حجابا، فكان هذا التيار إذن فلسفة حياة جديدة.By the end of the eighteenth century, German thought gradually moved away from the Enlightenment and had instead invested in the national sentiment regarding the notion of the superiority of the German culture and its didactic message to human race. On this ground, German Romanticism was grounded in nationalism.
The emergence of Romanticism resulted in a new wave which constituted a series of cognitive conflicts. The Enlightenment, which has attempted for so long to dismantle all modes of ambiguous, emotional and irrational thinking, was caught up by a new doctrine, Romanticism. This later exposed the limit of the mind which could not keep up with the demands of life for it was imprisoned by notions of fake axiomatization and clarity. Romanticism has thus become a philosophy of a new life
Technology and environment (the conflict between the natural and the artificial)
Get PDF لقد أدى التطور العلمي والتقني الذي حققه الإنسان منذ بداية الثورة الصناعيّة إلى إقامة مشاريع تنمويّة، والذي دفع بدوره إلى جموح الإنسان الهائل لاستغلال الطبيعة واستنزافها مما أنتج تحلّل نسبي من القيم والأخلاق التي تستلزمها علاقة الإنسان بالبيئة، فبرزت العديد من المشكلات البيئيّة ذات الأثر الواضح والممتد عبر السنين الطويلة التي أصبحت تشكل خطرا على حياة الإنسان وعلى البيئة الطبيعية، مما حتّم الدّعوة إلى إعادة النظر في العلاقة التي يجب أن تكون بين ما هو طبيعي وما هو اصطناعي وتقني وعدم تجاهل البعد الطبيعي والبيئي في التنميّة، وخاصة أن العودة عن التقدم العلمي والتكنولوجي ضرب من المحال ففي الحاضر مستقبل الإنسان بل البيئة نفسها يتحدّد بالاعتماد على التكنولوجيات الحديثة لما يخدم الإنسان والبيئة. The scientific and technical development achieved by man since the beginning of the industrial revolution has led to the establishment of development projects, which in turn has led to man\u27s enormous ambition to exploit and deplete nature, which has resulted in a relative decomposition of the values and morals required by man\u27s relationship with the environment, and the emergence of many environmental problems with a clear and lasting impact. Over the long years, it has become a threat to human life and the natural environment, which has necessitated the call to reconsider the relationship that should be between what is natural and what is artificial and technical, and not to ignore the natural and environmental dimension. In development, Especially since turning back from scientific and technological progress is impossible, as in the present the future of man and even the environment itself is determined by relying on modern technologies for what man and the environment serves
Investigating Family metaphors in the speeches of American Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama in the United Nations General Assembly
No full textThree salient assumptions suggested by Lakoff (1996 / 2002) in his Morality Politics Theory (MPT): (1) American political positions emerge from two independent moral worldviews that are conceptually entrenched in individuals’ beliefs about ideal families.Conservatives tend to promote the strict father (SF) family model whereas Democrats endorse the nurturant parent (NP) family model. (2) The conceptual linking or mapping of ideal parenting models onto politics occurs because people metaphorically conceptualisethe nation as a family. (3) Some people may endorse both parenting models (biconceptuals), that is, they can reason about political issues using SF & NP models. Lakoff additionally argues that American politicians use two conceptual metaphors, NATION IS FAMILY and the WORLD COMMUNITY metaphors, to reason about foreign policy. Building onempirical study, this paper seeks to examine Lakoff’s(1996 / 2002) assumptionsin the speeches delivered by G. W. Bush and Barack Obama in the United Nations General Assembly. The analysis of this research corpus gives different conclusions of that suggested by Lakoff. Firstly, contrary to what was suggested by Lakoff (1996 / 2002), the data shows that Obama can be labbeled as SFand G. W. Bush as NP. Secondly, the results reveal that both speakers tend to use more logical literal entailments from the models rather than metaphorical expressions when they speak about various moral political issues
The African Literary Text ‘The Lion and the Jewel’ by Wole Soyinka From Feminist Perspectives
No full textThe portrayal of women in African literature continues to be a subject of active attention in the field of literary criticism. This paper aims to analyse the representation of African women in The Lion and The Jewel by Wole Soyinka. The study adopts a feminist criticism approach to explore the increasingly gender-sensitive perspective depicted in this literary work. The primary objective is to highlight the inaccurate depiction of women in male writing and how they are striving to draw images of women and their agency in society. Findings showed the gap between genders by presenting them as unequal in all spheres of life. The prevalence of male supremacy and sovereignty is still a reality in some of the African patriarchal societies and women still suffer at the expense of men, as patriarchy still exists especially in rural areas where some cultural practices marginalise women.
 
Cross-Modal Translation in the Digital Age: Adapting/ Remediating Shakespeare’s Hamlet for Interactive Media through the Elsinore Video Game
No full textThe present paper explores the evolving field of cross-modal translation with a particular focus on the adaptation of literary works into interactive digital genres, using the 2019 video game Elsinore, an adaptation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, as a case study. As technology advances, the boundaries between text, audio, and visual media blur, presenting new challenges and opportunities for translators and content creators. This study argues that cross-modal translation in video games is driven by a dynamic interplay of adaptation and remediation, functioning together as an intrinsically synergistic and mutually reinforcing process. While previous research has largely overlooked this connection, recognizing this synergy is crucial to understanding the complexity of cross-modal translation in video games. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and a detailed examination of Elsinore, the study addresses the linguistic, cultural, and technological challenges of preserving the essence and integrity of literary works while adapting them for interactive platforms. Key concepts such as interactivity, immersion, and narrative in video game adaptations are analyzed, along with how these elements influence the user’s engagement with the source material. The examination of Elsinore includes aspects such as story structure, narrative impact, user interaction, and the methods used to translate literary devices into interactive elements. By focusing on how Elsinore adapts and remediates Hamlet for an interactive format, the paper highlights the challenges and innovations in cross-modal translation. It also examines how the game preserves key themes and motifs while introducing new interactive elements, and how these changes shape user engagement and narrative exploration. Finally, this research contributes to understanding how interactive media offer new ways to experience and engage with classical literature, opening up avenues for future exploration in cross-modal translation and interactive storytelling.
 
Censorship of Subtitled Films
No full textThis research aims to analyze the complex questions raised by the censorship of subtitled films, focusing on cultural considerations as well as the technical and linguistic constraints imposed by such practices. It seeks to explore each element of the issue: specifically, censorship and its role in shaping the intellectual patterns of nations and societies, as well as the importance of subtitling as the primary technique for translating films. This raises several important questions: How can subtitling maintain its primary function as a cultural intermediary when it is subject to censorship that erases or alters the cultural markers and elements of the original language to avoid offending norms? Can we truly speak of globalization and openness to the Other when censorship confines viewers and keeps them trapped within their own social reality and a singular culture, under the guise of preserving social, moral, and cultural systems? Does preserving a film\u27s cultural elements through subtitling necessarily mean shocking the viewer, offending his sensibilities, or undermining his moral beliefs? What solutions can be proposed to address these concerns? All of these questions are examined using an analytical approach, aiming to highlight the complexities of this translation practice across linguistic, cultural, and cinematic dimensions
English for Specific Purposes Teaching Practices: Teachers’ Perspectives
No full textGlobalisation has significantly impacted multiple spheres, with the educational sector being no exception. The increased prevalence of the English language as a lingua franca, which bridges the gap between native and non-native speakers, is a notable outcome of this global phenomenon. This level of proficiency has increasingly become a vital asset for individuals navigating complex academic and professional environments across various disciplines. In particular, non-English speakers frequently encounter linguistic and cultural barriers that can impede their pursuit of educational and career goals due to the inadequate proficiency of the target language. In response to these demands, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has emerged as a specialised discipline designed to suit individuals’ specific needs. The present study investigates the current status of ESP teaching practices in Algerian universities, shedding light on the case of Ahmed Draia University of Adrar. In such an endeavour, the study included interviews with seven ESP teachers representing various academic departments, where English is a standalone or independent module within the same university. The participants were asked to react to and evaluate, as well as comment on, the current ESP practices in Algeria. ESP courses need to incorporate more practical and real-life contexts in Algerian universities to enhance learners’ communication skills and prepare them for future careers. The results obtained from the teachers’ interviews revealed critical insights into current ESP pedagogical practices and challenges within the Algerian university context. The findings revealed that effective delivery of ESP instruction in Algerian universities necessitates substantial modifications and reforms to enhance the outcomes for teachers and students. Teachers should continually participate in ESP training programs as part of their professional development
Implementing Differentiated Instruction Strategies to Develop EFL Learners’ Intercultural Competence: Voices from an Algerian Secondary School Context
No full textDeveloping intercultural competence (IC) is an important area in foreign language education to help learners communicate effectively and appropriately in both global and local contexts. In Algeria, several studies have focused on intercultural education at the tertiary level, whereas the secondary school context is still underrepresented. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance intercultural competence among twenty learners affiliated with the second-year foreign language stream by implementing differentiated instruction strategies. This investigation lasted for three months and adopted a single case study methodology. The classroom materials and tasks were designed according to Byram’s (2021) model of intercultural competence and Tomlinson’s (2001) pioneering pedagogical model of differentiated instruction which highlights that a variety of students’ needs requires the use of a variety of strategies and techniques in EFL classes to cover the three main curricular components: content, process, and product. The pedagogy is also responsive to learners’ readiness levels, interests, and learning profiles. Qualitative data were collected through teacher’s observation and learners’ reflective writing. The findings reveal that the differentiated classroom materials and tasks have improved secondary school learners’ intercultural attitudes as they showed openness and curiosity about other cultures. In addition to gaining intercultural knowledge, learners were able to compare and contrast cultural aspects, identify stereotypical and ethnocentric images about others and mediate between conflictual interpretation of phenomena. Finally, the study recommends that EFL secondary school teachers consider the richness and importance of targeting intercultural education through the implementation of differentiated instruction pedagogy to meet learners’ needs for enhancing their intercultural competence