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    التسليم لشخص أو عائلة جديرة بالثقة كرعاية بديلة للطفل المسعف

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    تناولت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد مفهوم الطفولة المسعفة في التشريع الجزائري و الى الآليات التي استحدثها المشرع في حماية هذه الفئة من خلال قانون حماية الطفل 15-12 والمراسيم التنظيمية له، باعتبارهم محرومين من رعاية آبائهم لأي سبب من الأسباب سواء كانوا مجهولي النسب أو متخلى عنهم، بحيث سعت الجزائر الى تعزيز منظومة الرعاية البديلة وفق أطار قانوني يتمثل في التسليم لدى الشخص أو العائلة الجديرة بالثقة الذي نص عليه المرسوم 19-70 المحدد لشروط الواجب توافرها في الأشخاص و العائلة الجديرين بالثقة لرعاية الطفل في حالة خطر، والتي يشرف على هذه التدابير ومتابعتها قاضي الأحداث وكذلك الى الصلاحيات التي يتمتع بها في مراقبة الشروط، فتخلص الدراسة الى مجمل الإجراءات بداية من اتصال القاضي بطلبات العائلة محل الثقة الى غاية اتخاذ تدبير التسليم النهائي و التأكد في كل مرحلة و الى غاية بلوغ الطفل المسعف سن الرشد أن جميع الإجراءات المتخذة في حقه يجب ان تراعى فيها مصلحته الفضلى وتؤدى الى وضعه في بيئة بديلة سليمة لنموه النفسي و البدني

    رؤية شرعية وقانونية في نازلة اختيار جنس الجنين عن طريق التلقيح الاصطناعي الداخلي

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    إن الغاية الأساسية من الزواج، بعد تأسيس أسرة متماسكة وصحية، تكمن في إنجاب الذرية التي تعد نعمة من نعم الله تعالى، فهو يهب من يشاء الذكور ويهب من يشاء الإناث، ويجعل من يشاء عقيماً، هذا الواقع دفع علماء الهندسة الوراثية إلى السعي لإيجاد وسائل تساعد في تحقيق الإنجاب، ومع تطور الزمن توسعت هذه الأبحاث لتشمل تقنيات مخبرية حديثة تتيح تحديد جنس الجنين قبل الولادة تتمثل في التلقيح الاصطناعي الداخلي والخارجي. وبذلك أصبح اختيار جنس الجنين عبر التلقيح الاصطناعي الداخلي خصوصاً أمراً شائعاً ين الأزواج لأسباب ودوافع مختلفة، مما أثار الحاجة إلى التعمق في دراسة هذا الموضوع وبيان حكمه القانوني والشرعي ضمن سياق هذا البحث فتوصلت لنتائج منها وجود شروط وضوابط يجب أن تخضع لها عملية اختيار جنس الجنين بالتلقيح الاصطناعي الداخلي لتفادي المحظور

    A Linguistic Stylistic Analysis of Transitivity Processes in Selected Excerpts in Audee T. Giwa’s From Fatika with Love

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    This study explores Giwa’s deployment of Transitivity patterns in his novel From Fatika with Love in order to demonstrate how linguistic choices contribute to the construction and differentiation of narrative structure. Adopting a qualitative research design with a descriptive analytical approach, the study draws its data from carefully selected chapters and textual segments of the novel through purposive sampling. The theoretical framework is grounded in M. A. K. Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (1994), with particular emphasis on the Transitivity system within the ideational (experiential) metafunction. The analysis reveals that Giwa strategically distributes process types to organize events, characterize participants, and guide readers’ interpretation of the unfolding story. Material processes emerge as the most dominant, propelling the plot forward through actions and events that shape the protagonist’s experiences. Mental processes are skillfully employed to uncover characters’ inner thoughts, emotions, desires, and motivations, thereby deepening psychological insight. Relational processes establish identities, attributes, and social contexts, while verbal processes structure dialogue and interpersonal exchanges. Behavioral processes subtly reflect attitudes and physiological responses, and existential processes function to introduce settings and situate key moments within the narrative world. The interplay and frequency of these processes not only structure the sequence of events but also foreground moral, social, and religious values embedded in the text. Through this linguistic patterning, Giwa traces the protagonist’s journey amid materialism, exploitation, and moral conflict. Ultimately, the Transitivity analysis provides a nuanced understanding of how grammatical choices shape narrative meaning and influence readers’ perception of themes and character development

    Exploring the Influence of AI-Powered Tools on English-Medium Instruction: A Case Study of Teachers\u27 Perspectives on Magic School AI

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    This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in enhancing the effectiveness of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in higher education. With the increasing integration of English in non-native academic contexts, the research investigates how AI technologies—such as language models, speech recognition systems, and intelligent tutoring platforms—support both instructors and students in overcoming linguistic and pedagogical challenges. Through a qualitative methodology involving literature review and Survey analysis, the study identifies AI’s potential to personalise learning, improve language proficiency, and foster learner autonomy. It further examines how AI tools facilitate real-time feedback, pronunciation accuracy, and vocabulary development, thereby strengthening the overall EMI experience. Findings reveal that while ChatGPT remains the most utilized tool (93.3%), Magic School AI shows significant potential for reducing teacher workloads through automated lesson planning and personalized feedback. Educators reported that AI integration enhances student engagement, language proficiency, and content accessibility. However, the data also highlights a general lack of familiarity with education-oriented AI tools; 80% of respondents were unfamiliar with Magic School AI. The results also suggest that the strategic integration of AI in EMI environments not only improves comprehension and communication but also effectively bridges the gap between language competence and subject mastery. The research also acknowledges critical challenges, such as technological accessibility, ethical concerns regarding academic integrity, and the urgent need for specialised instructor training. The paper concludes that while AI tools like Magic School AI are not are not a solution for all educational requirements, they offer valuable support in modern EMI environments when integrated thoughtfully and strategically. Ultimately, the study provides practical recommendations for future research and pedagogical practices aimed at optimising AI utilization to create more inclusive and effective multilingual academic environments

    Arab Women’s Trauma and Oppression in Arab Anglophone Literature: Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt

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    The present study examines how are women oppressed and traumatized by both their patriarchal society and the British Mandate (colonialism), in Jordan, in Arab Anglophone literature: Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt. It explores how oppression and trauma affect their lives and led them to madness. In this vein, the paper shows how Colonialism or the British Mandate has a hand in creating domestic conflicts among members of the Bedouin community and even of one family. It also undertakes the social constraints and cultural barriers that oppressed women and ranked them in a very inferior position to men. Thus, this  paper highlights how the two ladies, protagonists, ended up in a mental hospital, oppressed even in the process of their medical therapy, after a long journey and struggle against patriarchy. Analyzing the protagonists’ unbalanced psychologies will be done through Critical Disability studies theory. This helps engaging deeply, when studying the protagonists’ attitudes, within the social structure in the Arab bedouin society.  The mentioned theory examines how literary narratives have shifted from describing madness passively to representing and reflecting disabled psychologies as a result of a distorted social composition. It studies how the two women were sharing their experiences despite the fact they were from different backgrounds and even different social classes, one Bedouin and the other Urban. Sharing experiences is seen as a source of power to push resistance and rebellion against patriarchy and social exclusion. Finally, it sheds light on the way Fadia Faqir utilizes Arabic Narrative Techniques and arabizes the language of the novel in dramatizing the traumatic consequences of oppression on Maha and Um Saad

    ChatGPT dans les mémoires de recherche : étude de la fidélité, la validité et la pertinence des textes générés

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    The present study evaluates the quality of information generated by chatGPT, an AI tool often used by students during the realization of their research thesis. This evaluation focuses on three criteria, mentioned in the scientific literature consulted: fidelity (credibility of the source and that of the authors); validity (representativeness of the samples, robustness of the methods, accuracy of the data and objectivity of the authors); as well as the relevance (usefulness of the information generated). In order to obtain sufficiently relevant data on the quality of the information generated by the studied tool, the triangulation of methods is necessary. Three methods are indeed used: content analysis, data comparison and questionnaire survey. The analysis of research theses generated by chatGPT from unpublished topics, and the comparison of research theses made by students with those generated by chatGPT revealed that the information generated presents reliability, fidelity, and relevance issues; hence the need to verify them using more reliable references. These limits, the students interviewed are aware of them. Their responses to the electronic questionnaire, which was submitted to them, revealed positive representations of the studies toll: but betrayed a certain awareness of its limits. It is therefore up to teachers to make them aware of the risks of using this tool blindly, which can generate entirely erroneous responses. This unthoughtful recourse is justified by the informational incompetence of some of those students; which forces them to exploit the texts generated by chatGPT without checking their correction or adaptation to the context.La présente étude évalue la qualité des informations générées par chatGPT, un outil d’IA souvent utilisé par les étudiants lors de la réalisation de leurs mémoires de recherche. Cette évaluation est axée sur trois critères, cités dans la littérature scientifique consultée : la fidélité (crédibilité de la source et celle des auteurs) ; la validité (représentativité des échantillons, robustesse des méthodes, exactitude des données et objectivité des auteurs) ; ainsi que la pertinence (utilité des informations générées). En vue d’obtenir des données suffisamment pertinentes sur la qualité des informations générées par l’outil étudié, la triangulation des méthodes s’impose. Trois méthodes sont en effet exploitées : l’analyse du contenu, la comparaison des données et l’enquête par questionnaire. L’analyse des mémoires générés par chatGPT à partir de sujets inédits, et la comparaison des mémoires réalisés par des étudiants à ceux générés par chatGPT ont révélé que les informations générées présentent des problèmes de fiabilité, de fidélité et de pertinence ; d’où la nécessité de les vérifier en recourant à des références plus fiables. Ces limites, les étudiants interrogés en sont conscients. Leurs réponses au questionnaire électronique, qui leur était soumis, ont révélé des représentations positives de chatGPT : mais ont trahi une certaine conscience de ses limites. Il incombe de ce fait aux enseignants de les sensibiliser aux risques du recours aveugle à cet outil, qui peut générer des réponses entièrement erronées. Ce recours irréfléchi se justifie par leur l’incompétence informationnelle de certains étudiants ; qui les contraint à exploiter les textes générés sans en vérifier la correction ou l’adaptation au contexte.

    Pratiques, difficultés et stratégies de prise de notes en contexte universitaire

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    This scientific article offers a detailed analysis of the methods, challenges and note-taking strategies adopted by third-year French degree students. Based on a survey conducted among 71 participants, this study uses a mixed methodological approach, combining quantitative and qualitative elements, in order to explore writing habits, obstacles encountered and cognitive mechanisms deployed to improve the understanding and memorization of information. The study also examines the influence of methodological training and the integration of digital tools, particularly those related to artificial intelligence, on the development of metacognitive skills associated with this practice. Data analysis is based on cognitive load theory (Sweller, 1988) and active learning models (Bonwell & Eison, 1991), considering note taking as a complex cognitive activity that contributes to knowledge construction. The results obtained highlight the fact that this skill, crucial in the academic field, remains largely implicit and little understood in pedagogical terms. Students report several major challenges: cognitive overload, rapid lectures, and a lack of mastery of information synthesis and organization techniques. To overcome this problem, they implement various compensatory strategies, such as sharing notes among peers, using digital tools, and the thoughtful use of artificial intelligence to clarify and reformulate content. The results of this study highlight the importance of modernized university pedagogy, which includes effective training in note-taking and critical use of new technologies.Cеt articlе scientifique propose unе analyse détailléе dеs méthоdes, dеs défis еt des stratégies de prise denоtеsadоptées pаr lеs étudiаnts еn trоisièmе année dе licеnce de français. S\u27appuyаnt sur une еnquêtе réalisée аuprès de71participаnts, сеtte étude s’appuie sur une apprоche méthоdоlоgique miхte, alliant dеs éléments quantitatifsetqualitаtifs, afin d\u27eхplоrer lеs hаbitudes d\u27écriture, les оbstaclеs rеncоntrés et les mécanismеs cоgnitifs déplоyéspоuraméliоrer lа cоmpréhensiоn et la mémоrisatiоn des infоrmatiоns. L’étude eхamine également l\u27influencedеlafоrmatiоn méthоdоlоgiquе аinsi que l\u27intégratiоn des оutils numériques, еn partiсulier cеuх liés à l\u27intelligencеartificiеllе, sur lе dévelоppement des соmpétеncеs métacоgnitives assоciées à cette pratique. L\u27analyse des donnéess’appuie sur la théоrie de la сhargе cоgnitive (Swеller, 1988) et sur les mоdèlеs d\u27apprentissage actif (Bоnwеll &Eisоn, 1991), cоnsidérаnt lа prisе de nоtеs cоmme une аctivité соgnitivе cоmplехe qui cоntribue à la cоnstructiоndes cоnnaissances. Les résultats оbtenus mеttеnt еn lumière lе fаit que cettе cоmpétence, сruсiale dans le parсоursacadémique, demеure lаrgement impliсite et pеu enсаdrée sur le plan pédagоgiquе. Les étudiants évoquent plusieursdiffiсultés majеures : surcharge cоgnitive, rapidité dеs cоurs magistrauх, et un manque de maîtrisе dеs techniquesdesynthèsе еt d\u27оrganisatiоn de l\u27infоrmаtiоn. Pоur palliеr ce prоblèmе, ils mеttent en place différentes stratégiеsсоmpensatоires, telles quе le pаrtаge dеs nоtes entre pairs, l\u27utilisatiоn d\u27оutils numériques, аinsi que l\u27emplоi réfléсhide l\u27intеlligence artifiсiеllе pоur clаrifier еt refоrmuler lеs cоntеnus. Les résultats dе cette étude mеttent enavаntl\u27impоrtance d\u27unе pédagоgiе universitaire mоdernisée, qui inclut unе fоrmatiоn eхpliсite sur la prisе dе nоtеs et uneutilisatiоn critique dеs nоuvelles technоlоgies

    الرقابة الوقائيةكآلية لحماية الطفل من مخاطر الدعلوماتية

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    يعتبر الفضاء ابؼعلوماتي واقعا يفرض نفسو على المجتمع بدختلف فئاتو، والطفل أحد ىذه الفئات التي اصبحت تتعاملمع ىذا الفضاء، خاصة وأنو يتمتع بدجموعة كبتَة من ابغقوؽ الرقمية التي كفلتها لو بـتلف القوانتُ الوطنية وكذا ابؼواثيقوالإعلبنات الدولية، إلا أف الطبيعة ابؽشة للطفل ونقص الوعي لديو لعدـ إكتماؿ الإدراؾ والتمييز قد تعرضو للعديد منابؼخاطر وىو يباشر تلك ابغقوؽ.ولتفادي تلك ابؼخاطر أو التقليل منها على الأقل لابّد من تفعيل الدور الرقابي الوقائي على الطفل بداية من الرقابةالأسرية، باعتبارىا البيئة الأولى لنشأة الطفل، مرورا برقابة ابؼدرسة وكذا بـتلف ابعهات ذات الصلة بابؼعلوماتية بغمايةالطف

    الأساس القانوني للمسؤولية المدنية عن أضرار الذكاء الاصطناعي

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           تعتبر قواعد المسؤولية المدنية من بين أهم المواضيع التي لا تزال محل دراسات فقهية عديدة قديما وحديثا. ويرجع ذلك إلى طبيعة هذه القواعد، والتي تعنى بمواجهة المخاطر التي قد يتعرض لها أفراد المجتمع، وتعويض المضرور تعويضا عادلا يجبر ضرره.         وتعد مسألة الأضرار الناجمة عن استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي من أهم المواضيع التي تحظى في الوقت الراهن بالدراسات الفقهية والقانونية بصفة عامة.                 ويرجع ذلك إلى الانتشار الرهيب لأنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي؛ إذ أصبحت حقيقة لا يمكن المفر عنها، فوجب بناء عليه التعامل معها، ومحاولة إيجاد حلول للإشكالات القانونية المترتبة عنها.       ولعل من أهم الإشكالات التي تواجه الباحثين في هذا الموضوع هو مسألة تحديد الأساس القانوني للمسؤولية المدنية الناجمة عن أضرار الذكاء الاصطناعي. وقد جاءت هذه الدراسة بغرض بيان مختلف الأسس القانونية لقواعد المسؤولية التي يمكن الاستناد عليها كأساس للمسؤولية المدنية عن فعل الذكاء الاصطناع

    The Theory of the Obligatory Bequest in Islamic Fiqh and Arab Laws: )A Comparative Critical Analysis)

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    This research paper aims to define the obligatory bequest, clarify its conditions and provisions in Arab laws, and highlight the main issues it has raised, centering on the following question: What are the backgrounds of the obligatory bequest theory and the major criticisms directed against it. The paper concludes with several key findings, most notably that the obligatory bequest is a modern interpretation within the Islamic legal framework, attempting to address the problem of disinherited grandchildren. However, it has not achieved absolute consensus and has raised numerous questions

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