The University of Chlef Journals
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نحو تفعيل دور الدارسات المقارنة بين الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الوضعي في تطوير التشريع في الواقع الراهن
No full textفي ظل انفتاح الجامعة الجزائرية على تخصصات الشريعة والقانون تحاول هذه الدراسة البحث في حظ هذا الانفتاح في صياغة سؤال النهضة؛ وذلك من خلال البحث عن الدور البارز الذي قد تلعبه الدراسات المقارنة بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي في وضع بعض لبنات خروج الأمة الإسلامية من تخلفها الحضاري بعرض الحلول في دائرة التشريع. فضلا عن البحث في مدى إمكانية هذا الحقل من الدراسات في الإضافة المتميزة للمنظومة التشريعية العالمية عندما تسعفها في بعض مآزقها التشريعية التي تقصر فيها فلسفاتها ونظمها.
وقد خلص هذا البحث إلى كون الدراسات المقارنة بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي تشكل محورا ارتكازيا في حركة إثراء الفقه الإسلامي وتقنينه. غير أن الوضع الراهن للدراسات المقارنة بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانوني الوضعي قد لا يسمح بتجسيد أهدافه السامية إذا لم يتجاوز القصور المنهجي في هذا الحقل من الدراسات؛ وتبقى هذه الأهداف السامية مجرد أماني يصعب دركها، وتكون جل الجهود في هذا الحقل من الدراسات المقارنة بين الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الوضعي من قبيل الحركة في الفراغ
المسؤولية الجنائية للأشخاص الاعتبارية عن الجرائم االاقتصادية: دراسة تحليلية على ضوء التطورات التشريعية
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على المسؤولية الجزائية للأشخاص الاعتبارية على الجرائم الاقتصادية؛ التي أصبحت جرائمها أخطر بكثير من الجرائم المرتكبة من الشخص الطبيعي حيث عالجت الدراسة؛ التعريف بالشخصية الاعتبارية، والمسؤولية الجزائية، وكذا الجرائم الاستثمارية في محورها الأول، كما تطرقت الدراسة في محورها الثاني؛ إلى أهم وأبرز القوانين التي أدانت الأشخاص الاعتبارية؛ لتخلص الدراسة؛ إلى أهم النتائج والمقترحات التي تم التوصل إليها، ومن بينها: أن قیام المسؤولیة الجزائية للشخص المعنوي سُبِقَ باقرار فقهي وقضائي بتحمیله المسؤولیة المدنیة، وكان نتیجة حتمیة أملتها اعتبارات عملیة وواقعیة.  
التوسع في التمويل الأصغر كمدخل لتعزيز الاستدامة المالية للبنوك التجارية دراسة حالة البنك الأهلي المصري: Expanding microfinance as an approach to enhancing the financial sustainability of commercial banks: A case study of the National Bank of Egypt
No full textThis study focuses on the potential prospects for commercial banks in the microfinance market, with the aim of capitalizing on the vast opportunities it offers, particularly given that nearly three billion people worldwide remain excluded from formal banking services. Despite the theoretical and practical differences between microfinance mechanisms and those traditionally employed by commercial banks, a number of banks have begun to enter the microfinance market as an effective tool for mitigating risk and spreading it across a broad customer base.
Moreover, microfinance enables commercial banks to achieve high levels of profitability, as empirical evidence indicates that its returns may reach, at a minimum, twice those generated by the most profitable conventional banking products. Over the past two decades, the microfinance industry has demonstrated that its clients are not only highly committed to meeting their repayment obligations but also exhibit strong loyalty to lending institutions, frequently renewing their loans over successive cycles.
From the perspective of financing institutions, microfinance operations have consistently achieved high profitability levels and acceptable degrees of financial sustainability, particularly when these institutions transition toward commercial operations while simultaneously fulfilling their social role, thereby achieving a balance between economic viability and social development objective
تعدد وتنوع العقوبات المقررة للشخص الطبيعي لقمع الإجرام الاقتصادي
Full text linkفي إطار مكافحة الجرائم الاقتصادية تبنى المشرع الجزائري سياسة عقابية خاصة تواكب التطورات الحاصلة، فتدخل بترسانة من القوانين العقابية الخاصة على غرار قانون العقوبات لضمان نجاعة وفعالية أكثر للجزاءات لأجل قمع هذه الجرائم، حيث نظمها ونوعها وعددها وفق مقتضيات كل تكييف قانوني للأفعال الغير مشروعة والمتمثلة في الجنايات والجنح الاقتصادية.
ورتب كل الظروف المتعلقة بالمحكوم عليه المدان والظروف المقترنة بالجريمة، مع مراعاته للأعذار المعفية والظروف المخففة والمشددة للعقوبة من منطلق جسامتها وخطورتها وطريقة ارتكابها، وفي نفس السياق تناول مسألة الجزاءات التكميلية سواء كانت ملزمــــة أو اختيارية أو خصوصية وفق مقتضيات كل جريمة بالنسبة للقاضي الجزائي وفقا لما ينص عليه القانون أو بناء على سلطته التقديرية في تقرير الجزاء المناسب.
 
مكافحة المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية في القانون الوطني والاتفاقيات الدولية
No full textلقد زاد اهتمام المشرع الجنائي الجزائري بموضوع التصدي ومكافحة المؤثرات العقلية والمخدرات ، خاصة في الوقت الراهن نظرا لارتكاب تلك الجرائم بشكل واسع النطاق وما ينتج عنها من خسائر في الأرواح والأموال وتهديد الصحة العامة للمجتمع بإضافة إلى التأثيرات السلبية على النواحي الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية، هذا ما بدا واضحا من خلال إفراده قانونا متخصصا لمواجهة جرائم المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية والمتمثل في القانون رقم 04-18 المتضمن الوقاية من المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية وقمع الاستعمال والاتجار غير المشروعين بها المعدل والمتمم بموجب القانون رقم 23-05 الصادر في 07 ماي 2023 .
وقد تركزت الدراسة لنحليل وبحث مدى جدية وفاعلية السياسة الجزائية لمكافحة جرائم المؤثرات العقلية والمخدرات في التشريع الجزائري على ضوء التعديل الأخير للقانون رقم 04-18، وكذا البحث عن أفضل السبل والممارسات الفضلى الدولية الوقائية والعلاجية الكفيلة بالحد من هذه الجرائم أو على الأقل التقليل من مخاطرها المتزايدة على أمن المجتمع
From Revelation to Recontextualization: Linguistic Transformations of Prophetic Leadership in Contemporary Intercultural Discourse
No full textThis paper examines how the language of prophetic leadership—drawn from the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical authors (e.g., Al-Ghazali, Al-Mawardi)—is recontextualized linguistically into contemporary intercultural and ethical leadership discourse. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, we analyze specific linguistic features—word choice, rhetorical style, register, dialogic structure, and metaphors—to mediate this cultural transfer. Drawing on Fairclough’s notion of recontextualization—the appropriation and transformation of one social practice within another—we demonstrate how Qur’anic and Ḥadith tropes (e.g. mercy/raḥma, consultation/shura, and exemplarity) are selectively shifted into modern leadership texts. For example, terms like fariḍa (obligation) and amana (trust) are recast in managerial jargon (e.g., “duty,” “accountability”), while parables and metaphors (e.g., human communities as ummah, or “body” in Islamic discourse) are reworked into secular analogies (e.g. “stakeholder community,” “organizational body”). We also consider dialogic patterns: Prophetic Ḥadith often appear as question-and-answer or exhortative dialogues, whereas modern leadership manuals adopt a more didactic, monologic tone. Our findings, grounded in classic Islamic sources and modern discourse theory (Fairclough, Van Leeuwen, Linell), reveal both continuity and innovation. Ethical virtues from prophetic discourse persist as ideals of justice, compassion, and consultation but they are remediated through new genres of managerial communication. This study proposes a
model for analyzing how sacred leadership discourse is conveyed. Secularized across cultures, and discusses implications for intercultural leadership education
Has Martin Luther King Jr.’s Dream Come True? Tracing Historical and Contemporary Interpretations
No full textDelivered in 1963 during the March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech has left an enduring legacy in American history. It powerfully exposed the suffering of millions of African Americans who faced systemic discrimination, segregation, and denial of fundamental rights. King emphasized that, one hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation, Black Americans were still deprived of essential civil rights such as freedom, equality, justice, and economic opportunity. By invoking the promises of the American Constitution and Declaration of Independence, he framed civil rights not as special privileges, but as guaranteed rights owed to every citizen. The speech was received in complex ways. For many African Americans and civil rights activists, it became a source of hope, unity, and moral strength, energizing the broader Civil Rights Movement. However, some political figures and institutions perceived King’s activism as disruptive or even threatening to national stability during a tense Cold War climate. As a result, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) initiated surveillance operations targeting King and other leaders of the movement, reflecting the suspicion and resistance that surrounded calls for racial justice. This paper examines how public and political interpretations of King’s speech have evolved nearly six decades later. Now regarded as one of the most iconic pieces of American rhetoric, the speech is frequently celebrated in educational, political, and cultural contexts. Yet, a critical analysis reveals both progress and ongoing challenges. While significant legal advancements have been achieved, disparities persist in income levels, incarceration rates, access to quality education, and employment opportunities within the Black community. Using historical and comparative analytical methods, this research traces shifts in discourse and public perception over time. It argues that although the legal framework of civil rights has improved, structural inequalities remain. Ultimately, the study concludes that Martin Luther King Jr.’s dream continues to serve as both a milestone of progress and a reminder of unfinished work toward genuine equality
Perceptions and Attitudes Towards English as a Medium of Instruction Among Algerian University Teachers: Case of Yahia Fares University of Medea
No full textOver the last two decades, English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in higher education has become a global phenomenon owing to the increasing significance of English as a means of communication for academic, scientific and professional purposes. This shift is not limited to one country, it also concerns Algeria where the use of English became more dominant in higher education. However, teachers’ perceptions towards this linguistic shift are still under-researched. This article aims to gain insights into how English influences education quality and explore the various challenges faced by teachers in this process and understand the factors affecting teachers’ attitudes and perceptions towards this transition. The study adopts the mixed method. The researchers administered an online questionnaire that was submitted to a sample of 40 university teachers of different disciplines at Yahia Fares University of Medea. The study performed data analysis to ascertain the attachment of linguistic skills, attitudes and perceived issues. The findings of this study exemplified a broad spectrum of views among teachers. They concluded that teachers who have better English proficiency are likely to have more favorable perceptions. The questionnaire highlighted several prominent challenges faced by educators, including those with language and resource constraints, that hinder the transition to English as a medium of instruction. Furthermore, based on the outcomes of this study, pertinent recommendations will be drawn for both policymakers and higher education institutions in Algeria on how to enhance the proper integration of English in university education, which in turn will enhance the quality of education and lead to more effective learning
Towards Hybrid Language Assessment: Comparing The Role of AI with Teacher-Based Evaluation
No full textAssessment plays a central role in language education, as it provides a systematic basis for measuring learners’ proficiency, informing instructional decisions, and delivering constructive feedback. For decades, classroom assessment has been predominantly teacher-based, relying on educators’ professional expertise, contextual awareness, and interpretive judgment. Teachers evaluate not only linguistic accuracy but also coherence, creativity, and communicative effectiveness, often considering individual learner backgrounds. However, recent technological advancements—particularly in Artificial Intelligence (AI)—have introduced new possibilities for automating and enhancing evaluation processes, especially in productive skills such as writing and speaking. AI-driven assessment tools, supported by natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms, promise increased efficiency, speed, and scoring consistency. These systems can analyze large volumes of text within seconds, identify patterns in grammar and vocabulary use, and generate immediate feedback. Such capabilities make them particularly attractive in large-scale proficiency testing contexts. Nevertheless, ongoing debates question the reliability, validity, and fairness of AI-based assessment compared to traditional teacher-led evaluation. Concerns include the potential for algorithmic bias, limited sensitivity to cultural nuance, and difficulties in recognizing creativity or rhetorical sophistication. The present study investigated the role of AI-driven assessment in English language proficiency testing and compared its effectiveness with teacher-based evaluation. A comparative research design was employed, involving 41 university-level EFL students whose written tasks were evaluated by both AI tools and experienced teachers using an identical analytic rubric. To complement quantitative findings, questionnaires were administered to students and semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers to explore their perceptions of both approaches. The findings revealed that teacher-based evaluations generally produced slightly higher scores, particularly in grammar accuracy and stylistic appropriateness. Meanwhile, AI-driven assessments demonstrated strong alignment with teachers in rating content relevance,coherence, and vocabulary range. Students appreciated the immediacy and consistency of AI feedback but continued to value the personalized explanations and encouragement provided by teachers. Similarly, instructors acknowledged AI’s efficiency and standardization benefits while emphasizing that human judgment remains essential for capturing subtle language nuances, contextual appropriateness, and creative expression
Britishness in Flux: The Impact of Brexit on National Identity
No full textThis paper critically investigates the future of British national identity, commonly conceptualised as "Britishness", in the context of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European union. It situates Britishness within a broader analytical framework that examines the dynamic relationship between State institutions, political structures and National identity in the United Kingdom. Drawing on historical inquiry and contemporary analyses, the study demonstrates that Britishness, originally forged in the 18th century through the consolidation of the Acts of unions and, subsequently, reinforced by imperial narratives, has undergone significant transformations due to the dissolution of the British Empire, the gradual process of devolution, and the United Kingdom’s engagement with European integration. The Brexit referendum, functioned as a critical juncture, since it was framed by identity politics and nationalist rhetoric, and it revealed deep regional divisions within the United Kingdom. Divergent voting patterns in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales underscores the plurality of national and sub-national identities operating in the UK, and challenged the coherence of Britishness as a shared political Identity. The paper argues that Brexit has intensified debates about national identity, sovereignty, and the potential reconfiguration of the UK\u27s political union, thereby compelling a reassessment of national identity in an era of heightened populism and political polarisation. In response to these challenges, the study contends that Britishness must adapt to a post-Brexit era by redefining its civic and ethno-cultural dimensions besides balancing inclusivity with distinctiveness. Hence, the need for a revitalized "Citizen Nation" model to sustain British identity amid ongoing significant transformations