SAP Multidisciplinary Open (Journal)
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Consensus of risk factors and effectiveness of current management of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) in rectal cancer with preservation of the anal sphincter: state of the art
Full text linkIntroduction: Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) is the main functional sequela after sphincter-preserving rectal surgery. It affects 40–45% of patients at ≥12 months and impairs quality of life. This work synthesizes risk factors and therapeutic effectiveness to guide personalized decision-making.Methods: We conducted a PRISMA systematic review (2017–2024) of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane with dual screening and duplicate data extraction. We included adults who underwent low anterior resection with validated measures of LARS and/or quality of life. Risk of bias was assessed (RoB 2, ROBINS-I/NOS, AMSTAR-2) and certainty was graded with GRADE. A qualitative synthesis and vote counting were performed.Development: Nineteen studies were included: 2 trials/follow-ups, 7 observational studies, 6 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and 4 guidelines/narratives. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy was associated with higher LARS (OR ≈3) and worse quality of life. Other factors included ultralow anastomosis, total mesorectal excision, and anastomotic leak. Transanal irrigation (TAI) reduced early stool frequency and tended toward a lower LARS score at 12 months in a randomized controlled trial; in therapeutic cohorts it reduced LARS and incontinence. Sacral neuromodulation showed improvement in refractory cases, with low–moderate certainty of evidence. Pelvic floor rehabilitation and pharmacotherapy provided symptomatic relief with limited support. Certainty was moderate for the impact of radiotherapy and the usefulness of TAI, and low for the remainder.Conclusions: LARS was common and modifiable. We recommended preoperative counseling on functional risk, surgical prevention, early TAI in high-risk patients, a stepped, phenotype-based approach with psychological support, and neuromodulation for refractory cases, with longitudinal follow-up to tailor treatment using more patient-relevant metrics
Incubation of environmental projects through mobile learning
Full text linkThe concept of environmental projects is socially associated with the altruism of non-profit organizations. However, the green economy has shown that there are ways to make green ventures profitable by linking them to responsible consumption. One of the greatest difficulties in undertaking these environmental projects is the lack of information, support, financing and collaboration networks. As a proposed solution to this problem, a discussion group was held with young entrepreneurs from the Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas of the University of Guadalajara, to conceive proposals for the design of a mobile application that facilitates the incubation of environmental projects in Zapopan. A qualitative methodology with an interpretive approach was used to recognize the perceptions of young people about the environment, educational technology and environmental and social entrepreneurship. Finally, 10 proposals for mobile applications were conceived to incubate environmental projects in Zapopan. These proposals serve as a starting point to recognize the information needs and aspirations of the typical users of this platform: social and environmental entrepreneurs. Although there are previous references such as the Ecomentes application in Veracruz, they have not achieved popularity due to a series of factors that are analyzed in the research.
Concepts, Aspects, and Methods for Developing Ecoliteracy: A Systematic Literature Review
Full text linkIntroduction: This research aimed to analyze research trends on concepts, aspects, and methods used for developing ecoliteracy in the scope of education for the last thirteen years (2010-2023). Method: This research employed a systematic literature review method. Literature sources were obtained from reputable international journals with a research focus on concepts, aspects, and methods for developing ecoliteracy. Based on the reference sources, research results, and research focus, 16 articles were reviewed. Result: Research findings showed that ecoliteracy is an individual\u27s awareness of understanding, appreciating, and interacting natural environment and surrounding ecosystem wisely. Ecoliteracy abilities are characterized by several aspects, such as cognitive skills regarding basic ecological knowledge (cognitive), the ability to adapt to the surroundings, environmental sustainability maintenance (spirit/connection), environmental emotions (heart/emotional), and responsible behavior and appreciation for natural wealth (hand/activities). Methods that can be used to develop ecoliteracy comprise carrying out practical activities (for example: 3R activities) in environmental conservation, conducting field trips to environment-related places, project-based learning, and technology-integrated learning. Conclusion: This conclusion is that ecoliteration is an individual\u27s awareness in interacting physically and non-physically with the natural environment wisely which is shown by cognitive abilities, enthusiasm/connection, emotions towards the environment, and environmental protection activities that can be carried out through practical activities of environmental conservation, field visits, project-based learning and technology. These findings can have theoretical implications regarding the definition of ecoliteracy, characteristics, indicators, and methods of ecoliteracy implementation. Future researchers can use theories from these findings to research a similar theme
Soil improvement through organic fertilizers
Full text linkIntroduction: soil is a fundamental natural resource for agriculture, as it provides the physical support and nutrients necessary for plant growth.Objective: to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of soil after the application of organic fertilizers.Method: a review of the available literature in databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey was carried out, from which a total of 11 related articles were consulted. Empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used.Results: soil improvement is essential in modern agriculture. A well-structured soil rich in organic matter is less susceptible to erosion by wind and water. The use of organic fertilizers contributes significantly to environmental sustainability. The creation and use of customized organic fertilizers represents an innovative and sustainable solution for soil improvement. The use of organic fertilizers can restore soil nutrients and increase agricultural productivity.Conclusions: the implementation of organic fertilizers is an efficient strategy to optimize agricultural performance, and is also a sustainable and environmentally friendly option that contributes to the continuous improvement of soil health and greater stability in crop production
Tax culture and its relationship with tax evasion in Ecuador
Full text linkIntroduction: taxes are mandatory contributions that all Ecuadorians who have an economic activity of goods or services must pay to the state so that it can in turn properly manage that money for the benefit of the people.Objective: to characterize aspects related to tax culture and tax evasion in Ecuador.Method: a review of the available bibliography in databases such as SciELO, Scopus and ClinicalKey was carried out, from which a total of 13 related articles were consulted, empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used.Results: taxes are the main means of income for the State with which the population benefits from public education, free hospital care, security, justice, public works and aid to the most needy. Currently, it can be seen that in most countries tax evasion is a problem of enormous importance. Fiscal policy is the generator of legal instruments that allow effective tax collection. Tax education and culture in taxpayers in general is still scarce in certain sectors of the Ecuadorian economy.Conclusions: tax or fiscal evasion depends on the degree of tax culture and this in turn on the tax awareness that exists in taxpayers regarding compliance with the payments of the different taxe
Technological advances in the automotive sector between the city of Ambato and the city of Latacunga
Full text linkIntroduction: new technologies provide innovations and developments in tools, equipment, systems and techniques used in automotive workshops to improve the efficiency, quality and precision of the services offered.Objective: to characterize technological advances applied in automotive service centers in the cities of Ambato and Latacunga.Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample will be taken from the owners of 10 workshops in the city of Latacunga in the La Estación sector and the owners of 10 workshops in the city of Ambato in the Huachi Chico sector, a survey was applied.Results: in the province of Latacunga, 80 % of the equipment is semi-new and in Ambato, 60 % of the equipment is semi-new. In the province of Latacunga, 60% say that maintenance is performed frequently, as in Ambato. In the province of Latacunga, 40 % have profit expectations with new technologies of 1,000 to 5,000 euros, and in Ambato, 50 % have expectations of more than 10,000 euros. It is also shown that 100 % of the workshops in both provinces have invested in new technologies.Conclusions: in both cities, there is a wide variety of adoption of new technologies, each of which can be adapted to the needs of each region with respect to the amount of knowledge that is possessed, since there may be other factors that influence it. However, in this research, several topics were not addressed due to their inherent complexit
Review of the implications of oil dispersants on the environment, aquatic and human health
Full text linkIntroduction: Oil spills pose a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. In Ecuador, multiple incidents have demonstrated the environmental and social consequences of these events, such as the recent spill in the Esmeraldas River in 2025, where chemical dispersants were used to contain the pollution. This study aimed to critically review the recent scientific literature on the types of dispersants used in oil spills, their mechanisms of action, and environmental and health effects.Methodology: A qualitative methodology was applied through a bibliographic review of scientific and technical sources (2010-2025), prioritizing studies in tropical contexts or similar to Ecuador\u27s. Research on the toxicity of dispersants, effects on aquatic organisms and humans, and their practical application in spills is included. Results: Seven dispersants were identified: Corexit 9500, Finasol OSR 52, Superdispersant-25, Dasic Slickgone NS, F-50, SEACARE CITRUS, and HD 865 Plus. While some, such as SEACARE CITRUS and HD 865 Plus, are biodegradable and exhibit lower toxicity, others, such as Corexit 9500, have raised concerns about their adverse effects on marine fauna and exposed workers. Overall, the evidence shows that, although these compounds facilitate crude oil biodegradation, they can also affect the resilience of aquatic ecosystems and pose subclinical risks to humans.Conclusions: It is urgent to conduct more research in Latin American contexts to assess the long-term risks of chemical dispersants. This information is key to guiding responsible decisions in environmental management and public health in the event of future spills
Long-term impact of proton pump inhibitors in patients with prolonged treatment in Latin America
Full text linkProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are anti-ulcer medications widely used to treat various conditions related to gastric secretion. They work by inhibiting H+/K+-ATPase, the enzyme responsible for the final phase of hydrochloric acid production in the stomach. Currently, the use of PPIs has become widespread and these medications are over-the-counter, due to their perception as safe and protective. The objective of this literature review is to determine the long-term impact of proton pump inhibitors in patients with prolonged treatment in Latin America in the years (2019-2023). Studies on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and their adverse effects show mixed results. After conducting the literature review, there was evidence of a higher incidence of adverse reactions such as gastric infections, deficiency of absorption of vitamins and minerals, as well as irritable bowel syndrome. To conduct this review, we conducted a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. We included studies published in the years (2019-2023) that evaluated the effects of prolonged use of PPIs in Latin America. We excluded studies with populations outside the region, which were outside the publication range, and those with poor methodological design
Factors that affect the consumption of electricity in refrigerators in the Forastero sector, Latacunga Canton, Belisario Quevedo Parish during the period of January-February 2024
Full text linkIntroduction: the increase in electricity demand on a global scale implies damage to the Earth\u27s biodiversity. Several Latin American countries experienced a significant economic increase, which generated a greater demand for energy.Objective: to determine the factors that affect electricity consumption in the foreign sector, Latacunga canton, Belisario Quevedo parish, during the period from January to February 2024.Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on the factors that affect electricity consumption in the foreign sector, Latacunga canton, Belisario Quevedo parish, during the period from January to February 2024.Results: 87 % of the total sample have only one refrigerator, 50 % open the door more than five times a day, respondents do not spend time performing the corresponding maintenance for their refrigerator, 100 % do not know the energy efficiency rating of their refrigerators, and indicated that the use of technologies such as programming and energy and temperature savings has a high impact on electricity consumption, which is 75 %.Conclusions: the critical importance of energy efficiency in the use of refrigerators is highlighted, and the need to raise awareness among users about practices they can adopt to significantly reduce electricity consumption is underline
Soil improvement in the Santo Domingo canton in the San Gabriel del Baba sector on the property of Captain Ruben Recalde with organic fertilizers
Full text linkIntroduction: organic fertilizers are essential for sustainable agriculture. These materials, of plant or animal origin, decompose and release nutrients to the soil gradually.Objective: to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil on Captain Rubén Recalde\u27s property before and after the application of organic fertilizers.Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out related to the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil on Captain Rubén Recalde\u27s property before and after the application of organic fertilizers. The sample will consist of 32 people from said territory selected by a non-probabilistic convenience samplingResults: 38 % of the population surveyed says that they have been involved in agriculture for less than 5 years. 72 % of people say that they do use chemical fertilizers, 84 % of the population considers that organic fertilizer is the best. 44 % tell us that they use fertilizers on their crops every 3 months. 94 % say they would recommend the use of organic fertilizers to others, 60 % say that organic fertilizers release nutrients more slowly and steadilyConclusions: organic fertilizers are a natural form of fertilizer produced from organic materials of plant or animal origin. Fertilizers are intended to nourish the soil and improve fertility, which in turn provides favorable conditions for plant growth and development