Land and Architecture (Journal)
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Environmental impact assessment as a turning point for the effective protection of the environment, its resources, and human life
No full textIn 2023, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Province of Buenos Aires ruled on the case “Foro Medio Ambiental San Nicolás Asociación Civil y otro c/ Prochem Bio S.A. s/Amparo,” ordering the company to cease industrial activity until it obtained the required environmental permits. The ruling took a novel approach to environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a tool for evidence and a constitutional guarantee of the right to a healthy environment. The controversy revolved around the lack of environmental permits for a chemical plant that, according to the findings, was operating without complying with current regulations, posing risks to the health, environment, and self-determination of the local population.The Court determined that this was a third-category industry and gave preeminence to the EIA as a preventive technical-administrative mechanism, highlighting its legal obligation and its role in environmental planning. It also criticized previous rulings for failing to adequately apply the principles of prevention and precaution. The ruling applied an integrated interpretation of provincial environmental legislation (Laws 11,459 and 11,723), consolidating the notion of a “regulatory block.”The ruling also highlighted the importance of citizen participation and public hearings in the permit granting process. Ultimately, the ruling set a key precedent in environmental law by recognizing the EIA as a central instrument for protecting the environment and ensuring sustainable development
Environment and justice: an analysis of the Márquez case and its impact on Argentine environmental law
No full textThe text analysed the development of environmental law in Argentina as a response to the harmful effects of human activity on the environment. This field of law emerged with fundamental principles such as prevention, precaution, intergenerational equity, participation and sustainability. The 1994 constitutional reform, through Article 41, granted constitutional status to the right to a healthy environment, consolidating it as a fundamental right of collective incidence. Within this framework, national and provincial laws were enacted, such as the General Environment Law and specific regulations on waste, which established minimum standards for environmental protection. Authors such as Valls, Lorenzetti and Bidart Campos contributed comprehensive views on the environment, recognising its natural, cultural and social dimensions. At the international level, the value of the environment as a basic human right has been highlighted since the 1972 Stockholm Declaration. In case law, the Supreme Court and other courts have reinforced the justiciability of this right through landmark rulings, validating environmental protection against state inaction. The case of Márquez, Evangelina et al. v. Municipality of Colonia Avellaneda was presented as a paradigmatic example where the lack of waste management violated fundamental rights. The legal action brought by the community reflected the importance of citizen participation and the State\u27s obligation to implement effective environmental policies. The analysis concluded that environmental law should be conceived not only as technical regulations, but as part of a collective commitment to a sustainable and equitable development model
Green innovation and territorial development in cocoa-growing communities
No full textIntroduction:This research addressed the problem of cocoa cultivation in the municipality of Roberto Payán, Nariño, a region historically affected by illicit crops and armed conflict. The main objective was to propose strategies that would allow local farmers to adopt cocoa as a main, viable and sustainable economic activity, thus displacing interest in illegal crops.Development:The study identified multiple challenges faced by cocoa harvesters, including lack of institutional support, low profitability, competition with illicit crops and lack of knowledge about efficient production techniques. However, it was also recognised that producers possessed valuable empirical knowledge. In this context, the research promoted the adoption of green innovation as an integral solution. This allowed for the improvement of cocoa quality through sustainable practices, technical training of farmers, and the valorisation of the product at national and international level. The experience of Tumaco, a leader in cocoa production in the department, served as a reference for replicating successful models in Roberto Payán.Conclusion:It was concluded that strengthening cocoa cultivation in Roberto Payán, with public policy support, investment in infrastructure and rural education, would allow not only economic reconversion, but also sustainable regional development. This transformation required the articulation of local, institutional and community actors, positioning cocoa as a symbol of legality, progress and territorial reconciliation
Environmental Law: “A Look at the Environment and its Care”
No full textThe study analysed a ruling by Civil and Commercial Court No. 7 of Paraná, Entre Ríos, handed down on 15 May 2023, in the context of an environmental protection action brought by the Los Zorzales Neighbourhood Commission against the Municipality of Colonia Avellaneda. The lawsuit arose from the poor management and disposal of urban and industrial solid waste on an unauthorised site, which created an open-air rubbish dump near the neighbourhood. The situation seriously affected the health of residents and damaged the local environment, violating fundamental rights. For more than a decade, the neighbourhood\u27s residents filed multiple administrative complaints without receiving satisfactory responses. Finally, after exhausting all formal channels, they filed a lawsuit requesting the closure and relocation of the dump. The court considered that the injunction was the most appropriate procedure, given the urgency and seriousness of the environmental damage demonstrated, and decided to uphold the lawsuit, urging the Municipality to adopt measures to prevent further damage. The ruling recognised the violation of regulations such as National Law No. 25,916 and Provincial Law No. 10,311 on waste management, as well as the constitutional right to a healthy environment. It concluded that the municipal authorities had been negligent in failing to implement an adequate waste management system. The author agreed with the plaintiffs, pointing out the urgent need to review institutional practices and promote a responsible relationship with the natural environment
Bibliographic update on informal settlements in ecologically protected areas
No full textIntroduction: Informal settlements are areas where communities establish themselves without complying with urban regulations, often featuring precarious housing and lacking basic services. This phenomenon, historically present in Latin America and growing worldwide, mainly affects vulnerable populations with unstable jobs and limited access to formal housing. The growth of these settlements in ecologically protected areas causes environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and increased vulnerability to natural disasters.Objective: Characterize informal settlements in ecologically protected areas. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted using databases like PubMed and ResearchGate, employing keywords related to informal settlements and protected areas in Latin America. Eighteen articles, mostly from the last five years, were selected to extract relevant information supporting the study.Discussion: Informal settlements arise from poverty, migration, lack of public policies, and real estate speculation, generating social and spatial exclusion. In protected areas, irregular occupation decreases ecological resilience and accelerates soil, water, and biodiversity degradation. Issues such as lack of regulation, institutional distrust, and poor planning are evident. Sustainability requires community participation, land tenure legalization, inclusive planning, and awareness campaigns.Conclusions: Informal settlements in ecologically protected areas represent a complex socio-environmental problem. This occupation causes environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and decreased resilience of the protected ecosystems
Application of predictive models for territorial planning in Pasto, Colombia
No full textThe research analysed urban growth in the city of Pasto between 2000 and 2022. The need to properly manage large volumes of data using technological tools that would allow for the organisation, analysis and prediction of urban expansion behaviour was identified. To this end, a predictive model was implemented, supported by software developed with open-source technologies such as Python and Laravel, with an interface based on HTML and CSS. This software facilitated the identification of growth patterns through data mining and multi-criteria analysis techniques. The project received institutional support from the University of Nariño, as well as the participation of teachers and researchers from the fields of engineering and architecture. In addition, data was collected both digitally and through fieldwork in order to build a reliable repository to feed the information system. The study showed that urban growth is a multifactorial process influenced by social, economic, demographic and political variables. Finally, it was concluded that the predictive model made it possible to determine interactive scenarios of urban expansion and offered an effective tool for territorial planning. The results confirmed that it is possible to apply methodologies such as EMC and information systems to support strategic decisions in urban planning
Evolution of Urban Land Use in the Comercio Neighborhood
No full textIntroduction: the commercial sector stands out as a busy and active meeting point, thanks to the diversity of businesses offering products and services.Objective: to characterize the evolution of urban land use in the Comercio Neighborhood.Method: an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize the evolution of urban land use in the Comercio Neighborhood. The population included a total of 1,355 commercial stalls. The sample for the survey instrument was formed by selecting 300 stalls from the Comercio Market using simple random sampling.Results: 35 % of merchants\u27 primary economic activity is clothing. This is the type of consumer who most frequently purchases products or provides services in the commercial neighborhood. 139 of the sample, representing 45 %, are women. 57 %, and the majority, started their business between 2009 and 2018. 68 % of merchants consider they could establish a new line of business outside the commercial neighborhood, 68 % of stalls are formal, and 43 % have a current operating license.Conclusions: the importance of urban commercial land use in the economy is highlighted, as it contributes significantly by providing employment, maintaining investment, and contributing to the vitality and dynamism of a city or urban area
Evolution of urban land use in relation to the commercial district: a review
No full textIntroduction: urban zoning plays a fundamental role in the growth and organization of cities, as it directly impacts the structure and growth of urban areas.Objective: to characterize the evolution of urban land use in relation to the commercial district.Method: a review of the available literature was conducted in databases such as SciELO, Scopus, and ClinicalKey, from which a total of 18 related articles were consulted. Empirical methods such as logical history and analysis and synthesis were used.Results: a commercial district constitutes a distinctive urban section, characterized by the prominent presence of commercial establishments. This place is configured as a meeting point for a wide variety of businesses. The concentration of businesses in a commercial district can shape the dynamics and identity of an urban community. The importance of urban commercial land use in the economy is emphasized, as it contributes significantly by providing employment, maintaining investment, and contributing to the vitality and dynamism of a city.Conclusions: a deep understanding of commercial dynamics and land use is not only essential to maintaining the identity of the commercial neighborhood, but also to fostering sustainable economic development that benefits the community as a whole
Designing Spaces for Learning: The Role of Architecture in Education
No full textThe article explores and synthesizes architectural design in educational environments, academic performance and the well-being of students and teachers, through which it seeks to offer a guide for future implementations that improve educational processes through the conscious design of spaces.Methodology: The research is carried out through a narrative review, which includes: Exhaustive search of scientific literature. Use of databases such as Google Scholar, Dialnet and Scielo with key terms related to the educational influence of architecture. Selection of 6 relevant articles, eliminating duplicates and those that did not meet the established criteria.ResultsSix relevant articles were identified that address different aspects of the influence of architecture on education, highlighting the importance of aspects such as natural lighting, acoustics, ventilation and furniture design. These elements are key to creating an effective and positive learning environment.Main Conclusions: Architectural spaces can influence academic performance, student and teacher behavior, as well as creative and critical development.Pedagogical proposals such as Escuela Nueva, the Montessori method and the Waldorf philosophy highlight the need to create flexible spaces in harmony with nature.Smaller, well-located schools can provide more conducive learning environments and improve teacher attitudes.Structural improvements and innovative architectural design can raise the quality of teaching; however, careful resource planning is needed to measure their effectiveness
Evolution of the architectural features of the Plaza Mayor of Tarapoto
No full textIntroduction: Tarapoto\u27s Main Square is considered the center of the city and its beginning. The city was formed through the cooperation of numerous individuals, as well as the fusion of different cultures.Objective: to characterize the architectural evolution of Tarapoto\u27s Main Square.Method: a non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting data to characterize the architectural evolution of Tarapoto\u27s Main Square. The population of 193,095, the total population of the city of Tarapoto, was taken into account. A sample of 100 people was selected for each identified period of the evolution of the main square\u27s architectural features. Results: the plaza\u27s greatest utility was socializing 30 %, the highest aesthetic index in plaza spaces was found in open spaces with green areas 50 %, the main plaza\u27s greatest function was as a recreational and leisure space 35 %, the main plaza was often an inclusive and welcoming place 95 %, and the highest percentage considered the main function of the central element to be a venue for events and activities 70 %.Conclusions: the main plaza of the city of Tarapoto has managed to maintain its crucial role as a vital space for the community, adapting to the changing dynamics of society and improving the quality of the experience for those who use it