Health Leadership and Quality of Life (Journal)
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Strategies for Enhancing Quality and Safety in Medical Services: Development and Implementation
Full text linkIntroduction: the aim of studying the quality of healthcare services requires a high level of patient safety in hospitals; therefore, the aim is to study the specifics of creating and implementing healthcare safety standards. In this paper, you can find an analysis of modern scientific publications and regulatory acts.
Method: this study’s methods are based on a scientific and theoretical approach and on the new conditions governing patient safety. The study’s aim is systematic data monitoring by the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 15189:2022.
Results: in the course of the analysis of literature sources and current regulations, a hypothesis was put forward about the possibility of implementing a monitoring system based on the use of wireless technologies. These are contact and non-contact medical sensors and contactless peripheral sensors. The formation of the monitoring system is based on the regulation of accreditation of medical laboratories and supervision over compliance with regulatory requirements.
Conclusions: the study’s scientific novelty is the creation of new standards and regulatory documentation aimed at improving the quality of service. The main focus is on the use of specialised (medical) equipment and information tools for scientific and practical monitoring, data collection, and analysis regarding patient safety
Prevalence of Scoliosis in Adolescents Aged 12 to 16: Influence of Physical Activity Level and Type of Educational Institution
Full text linkIntroduction: Scoliosis is a structural deformity of the spine whose prevalence may be influenced by socioeconomic factors and physical activity levels. Previous evidence suggests that physical inactivity could be a risk factor in adolescents.Objective: To analyze and quantify the prevalence of scoliosis in students aged 12–16 years from public and private schools in Santiago, Chile, and to explore its association with physical activity levels. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 81 adolescents (48.1% male; 51.9% female). The mean age was 15.28 ± 0.85 years, with an average height of 163.8 ± 6.9 cm and mean weight of 66.0 ± 12.2 kg. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and four evaluation tools were used: Adams Forward Bend Test, scoliometer, Spine Screen mobile application, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Results: A positive Adams Test was found in 43.2% of participants, while 14.8% showed out-of-range alterations in Spine Screen. According to IPAQ, 25.9% reported low physical activity, 51.9% moderate, and 22.2% high. A significant association was found between lower physical activity and scoliosis presence (p = 0.025 in Adams Test; p = 0.020 in Spine Screen). Furthermore, scoliosis prevalence was higher in public school students (54.3%) compared to private school students (34.8%) (p = 0.043). Conclusions: These findings suggest that lower levels of physical activity are associated with a higher prevalence of scoliosis in adolescents, particularly in public school settings. The results highlight the need for preventive strategies to promote structured physical activity in school environments with limited access
Socio-Demographics, Mid Upper-arm Circumference (MUAC), Counseling and Compliance to Multiple Micronutrient Supplement (MMS) Consumption as Determinants of Anemia among Premaried Women in Surabaya
Full text linkIntroduction: Anemia impacts maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. To prevent risks during the preconception period, risk factors such as nutritional status, compliance to Multiple Micronutrient Supplement (MMS) consumption, and nutrition counseling are crucial. This study investigated how sociodemographic factors, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), counseling, and compliance to Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS) influenced the prevalence of anemia among premarried women in Surabaya.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the predictors of anemia among 282 premarried women in Surabaya to support preconception risk prevention. Data were collected via questionnaires, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) measurements, and hemoglobin levels (samples obtained in November 2024). The data were analyzed using logistic regression.Results: The significant factors identified were: age (p=0,032; OR=3,207; 95 % CI=0,267 – 6,147), MUAC (p=0,001; OR=4,606; 95 % CI=1,817 – 7,395), MMS compliance (p=0,018; OR=3,817; 95 % CI=2,907 – 4,727), and nutrition counseling (p=0,002; OR=4,103; 95 % CI=2,802 – 5,404). Meanwhile, occupation and education level did not show a significant effect (p>0,05). Women with a MUAC <23,5 cm had a 4,6-fold higher risk of anemia.Conclusion: These findings highlighted that nutritional status (MUAC), counseling, MMS compliance, and age significantly influenced the risk of anemia in this population. Strengthening promotive and preventive interventions, particularly targeted nutrition education programs and monitoring, is essential to reduce preconception anemia among premarried women in Surabaya
A Comprehensive Study of Inflammation\u27s Contribution to the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Syndrome
Full text linkObjective: The research aims to summaries the data demonstrating the connection between persistent low-grade inflammation and the pathophysiology of severe depression, and the effects of chronic low-grade inflammation on the immune system, neurodegeneration, and the neuroendocrine system.Materials and methods: The research examining the connection between severe depression and inflammation. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is highlighted, as are the functions of proinflammatory cytokines and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in neurotoxicity and oxidative stress.Results: The HPA axis is activated, and cortisol production is enhanced in severe depression, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is also triggered by proinflammatory cytokines, which produce neurotoxic substances such as quinolinic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine. Particularly in cases of late-life depression, these mechanisms lead to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.Conclusion: Antidepressant drugs exhibit some mitigation of the immunological and endocrine alterations brought on by inflammation. Not all potent antidepressants, however, focus on these systems. To be more successful, the research advises that innovative antidepressant research should take into account medications specifically targeting the immunological, endocrine, and neurotransmitter systems
A Comprehensive Investigation and Systematic Assessment of Acupuncture for the Rehabilitation of Recurrent Lower Back Pain
Full text linkA randomized controlled investigation had 100 participants who had chronic low back pain. Fifty patients finished the trial and were followed for three months after getting treatment. The research evaluated the pre-post improvements in pain intensity for both groups by employing paired sample t-test and Logistic regression tests for assessing the outcomes. To evaluate acupuncture\u27s efficacy in managing severe back aches. A group was distributed randomly to patients (n = 100) suffering from persistent back pain through Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or acupuncture therapy. Patients earned treatment once a week for three weeks. 50 patients in all the trials were finished and were tracked when three months, examination of the data applying t-tests revealed measurable pre-post growth in all scores in both groups. Results from the 3-month follow-up showed that the acupuncture group responded better. It is imperative to conduct a complete analysis of this therapy\u27s efficacy in treating chronic back pain, either using more samples or various control groups
Biosynthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles and Their Potential Usefulness in Cancer Research and Biotechnology
Full text linkThe wrapped graphene sheets are used to create cylindrical Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) which are carbon allotropes that have a nano-architecture. Graphene sheets are wrapped to create cylindrical carbon allotropes with a CNT nano-architecture. Considering the fascinating characteristics of CNTs has received a lot of interest from scientists throughout the years. Unique qualities such as the high degree of flexibility and the crucial length-to-diameter ratio with exceptional durability make it useful in many different applications. It is possible to modify the properties of CNTs by adjusting their distance, chirality, wall type, and time taken, which are dependent on the synthesis method. The numerous synthesis techniques for creating CNTs are in-depth discussed in this article. This study aims to investigate biosynthesis Carbon Nanoparticles (CNPs) with the eco-friendly methods and assess their use in biotechnology, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, etc. The review also includes descriptions of several characterization techniques. In addition, this study determines the principal or diverse biological synthesis approaches, physicochemical properties and functionalization methodologies of CNPs and their biocompatibility and prospects in biomedical and industrial applications. The use of CNTs in numerous technologically significant sectors is thoroughly covered. Finally, CNTs\u27 potential features are discussed in light of their saleable use.
Diet quality and nutritional status of pregnant women treated in public hospitals in Paraguay
Full text linkIntroduction: Diet quality plays a fundamental role in the development of a pregnancy. Objective: To determine the quality of diet and nutritional status of pregnant women attending public hospitals in the capital during the period from July to September 2023. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, cross-sectional study with cross association, where 104 adult pregnant women were surveyed, with prior informed consent, sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected and a questionnaire on dietary habits was filled in. The data were digitalized in Microsoft Office® Excel® 2010 spreadsheets. They were analyzed with the statistical package Epi Info® version 7.2.5.0. Results: Those pregnant women who presented adequate nutritional status (n=23) according to anthropometric parameters obtained a higher mean score (8.61 ±1.59 SD), while those who presented some type of malnutrition obtained lower mean scores. No statistically significant difference was found between group averages when applying the ANOVA test (p>0.05). Conclusion: Excess malnutrition in pregnant women is high and the average diet quality score decreases in those who presented some type of malnutrition. Given the growing epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases, it is of vital importance to invest in public health policies that promote adequate nutrition during pregnancy, so that the quality of the diet can be improved
Research on the Enhancing Effect of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on the Productivity of Remote Workers
Full text linkThe rise of remote work has highlighted the need for tools and technologies that can enhance employee productivity outside of the traditional office setting. Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have demonstrated potential for optimizing remote work environments by automating tasks, controlling workflows, and offering insights into worker performance. Though, the unpredictability of remote work conditions across different industries and geographic regions pose some challenges affecting the applicability of the result. This research aims to examine the impact of AI and ML on remote workers\u27 productivity. It seeks to assess how these technologies can improve productivity by examining employee behavior and performance patterns. A novel method called Refined Random Natural Gradient Boosting (RR-NGboost) technique is implemented, to develop predictive models for analyzing productivity changes. These methods are trained to recognize patterns in workplace behavior and forecast productivity trends. Data is gathered from remote workers in various places (city, town, and village), covering factors like work hours, task completion rates, and time management. The data is cleaned (by removing inconsistencies and missing values) and Z-score normalization is used to scale the data and develop model performance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to minimize dimensionality and highlight the most important traits. According to the results, the proposed RR-NGboost method is quite accurate in predicting production fluctuations, achieving a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.3958 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.4234, demonstrating its strong predictive capability and minimal deviation from actual productivity scores. RR-NGboost is the best in terms of feature importance and prediction reliability. The research indicates that AI and ML approaches can significantly improve remote worker productivity by giving real-time insights and automating time management operations, which benefits workers as well as managers
Comprehensive Analysis on the Relationship between Risk Habits and Oral Cancer Outcomes
Full text linkLifestyle risk factors are crucial in the development and growth of oral cancer, which is yet an important issue for the public. Research offers a via evaluation of the connection between oral cancer results, such as cancer survival, recurring, and therapeutic reactions, and a variety of risk behaviors, involving eating betel nuts, drinking alcohol, using tobacco, and practicing poor dental hygiene. Through patient surveys and medical record monitoring, a comprehensive data collection was conducted on around 250 patients, 170 of whom were male and 80 of whom were female. The result based on the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test demonstrates that, compared to individuals with independent risk behaviors, those with numerous risk habits had much worse predictions. Particularly, drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes were linked to a lower chance of surviving and sooner resurgence. Furthermore, it was shown that behavioral treatments aimed at improving dental hygiene and quitting risky habits increased the effectiveness of therapy. The research emphasizes the significance of focused global healthcare initiatives to reduce risk factors and enhance results for patients.
Assessment of Bone Mineral Density Decline in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Hormonal Therapy
Full text linkIntroduction: The prostate cancer is a highly prevalent cancer in men, and enhanced screening and treatment have helped in earlier detection and greater longevity. However, due to complications, patients\u27 quality of life has grown more crucial. Despite regional therapy, Prostate cancer naturally develops to metastasis, notably in the bone, increasing mortality and morbidity from skeletal-related events and necessitating operation or therapy. The objective of the article is to analyze the influence of various hormone therapies on bone mineral density, termed Bone Mineral Density(BMD) in individuals with prostate cancer.
Methods: The research includes two groups, in Group A patients who have prostate cancer take the treatment named Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone agonists (LHRH), and for Group B patients, the treatment called anti-androgen hormonal therapy. It particularly analyses the impact of LHRH in Group A on anti-androgen medication in Group B.
Results: A questionnaire was presented to the patients to gather data on several parameters such as medical information, and lifestyle behaviors. A paired t-test and multiple linear regression analyses were carried out using the SPSS software version 28, to investigate the impact of hormonal treatment on BMD results.
Conclusion: The research found that age, duration of hormone therapy, BMI, and baseline BMD were significant indicators of BMD changes among patients with prostate cancer. The results suggest that group A, which was undergoing LHRH treatment, is more successful in maintaining BMD, compared to the group B, which emerged from anti-androgen therapy.