eJournal Jabatan Pendidikan Politeknik dan Kolej Komuniti
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Evaluating the Structural Advantages of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes for Resilient Building Design
Get PDFConcrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns have gained increasing popularity in the construction industry due to their enhanced structural properties and versatility in various forms. CFST columns are widely used in the construction of bridges, power transmission towers, and high-rise buildings, particularly in earthquake-prone regions. Despite their advantages, additional research is needed to fully understand their behaviour under axial loads, compression and fire exposure, particularly in dynamic conditions such as seismic events. This study evaluates recent literature on the structural advantages of CFST columns, focusing on several critical design factors such as the length-to-diameter ratio, steel tube wall thickness and their performance under compressive, axial, and fire stresses. The results show that CFST columns exhibit superior strength and ductility compared to conventional materials, with key design factors, such as tube dimensions and material properties, influencing their performance. Fire performance studies indicate that CFSTs maintain structural integrity under moderate fire conditions, although more research is required for extreme scenarios. The findings have important implications for the design of seismic-resistant structures, highlighting the need for optimised CFST designs to improve safety and durability in earthquake-prone areas. Future research should focus on advanced modelling techniques and further experimental studies to refine CFST design and expand its applications in construction
Enhancing Hygiene and Minimising Item Loss in Public Restrooms Using Smart Sensor Technology
Get PDFPublic restrooms play an essential role in urban infrastructure, but frequently encounter challenges related to hygiene and user behaviour, particularly the unintentional misplacement of personal belongings. Such occurrences can lead to clutter, hygiene concerns, and a reduced quality of user experience. This study presents the development and evaluation of a smart sensor-based prototype designed to detect forgotten personal belongings and alert users before they exit the facility. The system incorporates a designated storage area equipped with real-time object detection sensors and an automated notification mechanism, controlled via an Arduino microcontroller. Although the prototype currently operates locally without internet connectivity, its architecture is designed to support future integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, such as Wi-Fi and GSM modules. Experimental testing conducted in a controlled environment demonstrated an alert accuracy of 85%, with user compliance at 75%, and satisfaction at 80%. These results indicate the effectiveness of the system in enhancing user awareness, reducing clutter, and improving hygiene within public restrooms. The study highlights the potential of smart sensor technologies in improving public facility management and supports future directions, including the implementation of real-time data analytics, remote monitoring, and wider deployment across multiple facilities
Computational Study on Buckling Capacity of Lipped Channel Beams Infilled with Concrete
Get PDFThis paper presents a computational study employing finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the buckling capacity of lipped channel beams infilled with concrete. Lipped channel sections with overall depths ranging from 100 mm to 250 mm, commonly available in the local construction industry, were analysed with beam lengths varying between 3.0 m and 7.5 m. Two sets of beam configurations were modelled: control beams consisted of a plain lipped channel section and another set infilled with concrete. The analysis was conducted under two types of boundary conditions: simply supported (pinned-roller) and pinned-pinned supports. Buckling analysis was performed using LUSAS FEA software, applying a four-point bending test to simulate realistic loading conditions. The results reveal that larger-lipped channel sections exhibited higher buckling capacities for both plain and concrete-infilled configurations. Additionally, concrete-infilled lipped channel beams with pinned-pinned support achieved greater capacities compared to their simply supported counterparts. However, longer span beams, being slenderer, demonstrated reduced buckling capacity. The buckling capacity of lipped channel beams increased significantly with concrete infill compared to plain-lipped channel beams. Overall, this study highlights concrete infill as an effective method to enhance the structural capacity of open steel sections, providing a viable solution for improving their buckling performance
Effect of Recycled Waste Cooking Oil on the Tensile Properties of rPET Filaments for FDM Applications
Get PDFRecycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste into 3D-printing filament offers a sustainable opportunity to reduce plastic pollution and support circular-economy initiatives. However, recycled PET (rPET) filaments often exhibit brittleness, limited ductility, and poor extrusion behaviour. This study investigates the use of recycled waste cooking oil (rWCO) as a bio-based plasticiser to enhance the mechanical performance and printability of rPET filament for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). rPET was blended with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% rWCO by weight and extruded into 1.75 mm filament. Tensile properties were evaluated using ASTM D638 Type IV specimens and compared with a commercial PET-G filament as a control. The results show that the addition of rWCO reduces tensile strength from 14.11 MPa (0% rWCO) to between 10.45 and 11.52 MPa, while improving elongation at break from 21.21% to up to 31.39%. The 7.5% formulation demonstrated the most balanced performance, combining improved ductility with moderate strength retention. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of rWCO as a low-cost, sustainable plasticiser for enhancing rPET filaments, offering promising implications for environmentally conscious additive-manufacturing applications
Impact of a Portable Energy Efficiency Intelligence Power Socket (PEEiPS) for IoT Deployment
Get PDFIn the rapidly evolving domain of smart technology and Internet of Things (IoT) integration, the imperative for portable and energy-efficient solutions has become increasingly critical. The Portable Energy Efficiency Intelligence Power Socket (PEEiPS) represents a groundbreaking innovation in addressing the pervasive issue of energy wastage resulting from human forgetfulness in turning off electrical appliances. By integrating the ESP8266 microcontroller with IoT capabilities and solar energy, PEEiPS offers a robust solution to combat energy wastage caused by the common problem of leaving electrical appliances on unnecessarily. The automated switching feature, driven by the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor can be set to ensure devices are active only when needed, effectively addressing energy inefficiencies. PEEiPS\u27s reliance on solar power enhances its sustainability, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional energy management systems. The results demonstrate that PEEiPS can achieve significant energy savings, reducing total energy consumption from 12,000 kWh per year to 11,654 kWh per year. This represents a 3.63% saving for devices with a 600W usage and a substantial 36.3% saving for devices with a 6000W usage. The mobile application facilitates convenient remote control and monitoring, fostering user engagement and improving energy management practices. PEEiPS presents a promising avenue for enhancing energy efficiency and promoting sustainable energy practices, ultimately mitigating environmental impact and reducing electricity costs in residential and commercial settings. The implications of these findings are significant, suggesting that PEEiPS has the potential to revolutionise energy management practices in IoT deployments. Moving forward, further research and development efforts could focus on refining PEEiPS\u27s functionalities, scalability, and interoperability to maximize its commercial potential and applicability across various industries. Additionally, initiatives to raise awareness and promote the adoption of PEEiPS could be instrumental in driving widespread adoption and realizing its full impact on energy conservation efforts globally
Educator’s Readiness for the Implementation of Micro-Credentials in Terms of Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes for Design Programs in Polytechnics
Get PDFThe increase in the need to integrate micro-credentials in higher education has led to the need to conduct a study to understand the readiness of teachers for the development of micro-credentials. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the perception of polytechnic instructors towards the implementation of micro-credentials in design programs in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The design of the study was a survey with a quantitative approach that used questionnaires as the main instrument, this study involved a total of 79 teaching staff respondents from three polytechnics in the states of Johor, Pahang and Penang, namely Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic, Muadzam Shah Polytechnic and Tasek Gelugor Metro Polytechnic. The actual results of the study showed that the perception of the level of knowledge, skills and attitudes was at a moderate level. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude while there was no significant relationship between knowledge and skills. The implication is that these results can assist policymakers and management of educational institutions in strategizing more effective implementation of micro-credentials as well as improving professional development programmes for teachers, in order to improve the quality of learning and teaching relevant to current industry needs
Evaluating the Effects of Charging Rates on Lithium-Ion Battery Performance in Electric Scooters
Get PDFLithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are widely used in electric scooters due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, their charging characteristics significantly impact efficiency, safety, and durability. This study examined the effects of varying constant current (C-rate) charging rates (0.1C, 0.5C, and 1.0C) on charging time, temperature stability, and battery health. The results demonstrated that higher C-rates substantially reduced charging time from 10 hours 40 minutes at 0.1C to 1 hour 40 minutes at 0.5C, and only 1 hour at 1.0C. However, higher C-rates also increased thermal stress, which could accelerate battery degradation. Chargers operating at 0.5C and 1.0C included cooling fans to regulate temperature, whereas the 0.1C charger, lacking active cooling, exhibited elevated temperatures, and posed thermal risks. To enhance safety and potentially extend battery life, an automated 70% capacity cut-off was introduced to prevent overcharging. These findings highlight the trade-off between charging efficiency and battery lifespan, suggesting that although faster charging reduces downtime, it may adversely affect long-term battery health. Further research involving multiple charge cycles is needed to assess the long-term effects and optimise charging strategies for Li-ion batteries in electric scooters. This study contributes to knowledge by providing critical insights into the balance between charging efficiency, and battery longevity, and provide support to the development of optimised charging strategies for Li-ion batteries in electric scooters. Further studies involving multiple charge cycles are recommended to quantify long-term effects and enhance charging protocols for safer and more durable battery use
Optimising Energy Consumption in Educational Facilities: A Case Study on Energy Conservation Practices in Malaysia
Get PDFAs environmental sustainability and energy consumption become growing concerns, educational institutions are increasingly implementing energy-saving practices to reduce their environmental impact. In Malaysia, the government’s commitment to improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions provides an ideal context for investigating energy conservation in educational facilities. However, many buildings still experience high energy consumption, leading to increased operational costs and environmental impact, underscoring the need for targeted energy-saving initiatives. This study investigates campus energy optimisation in a Malaysian educational facility, evaluating the impact of energy conservation practices on consumption, costs, and carbon emissions. The methodology consists of four stages: energy audits, implementation of energy-saving measures (ESMs), measurement and verification (M&V) of energy savings, and data analysis. Several important interventions include retrofitting lighting systems, optimising HVAC operations, and installing voltage optimisation units. Results of this study showed a 13.26% reduction in energy consumption, a 13.50% decrease in energy costs, and a reduction of 38,660.35 kg of CO₂ emissions per month. These findings highlight the effectiveness of ESMs in reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. By analysing the impact of these ESMs on energy consumption and costs, the study provides valuable insights that can serve as a model for other educational institutions seeking to improve energy efficiency and reduce their environmental impact. The findings suggest continuous monitoring and integration of renewable energy solutions could optimise campus energy use. This research underscores the potential for long-term sustainability by adopting energy-saving technologies and practices that reduce operational costs and carbon footprints. Ultimately, the study offers a replicable framework for educational institutions aiming to enhance energy performance and contribute to broader environmental sustainability goals
Facilities Maintenance Management Practices At Higher Education Institutions
Get PDFHigher Education Institutions (HEIs) play a pivotal role in national development by fostering knowledge creation, enhancing human capital, and fostering innovation. Despite their significance, HEIs often overlook maintenance management, crucial for sustaining infrastructure quality and functionality. This study examines Facility Maintenance Management practices in three (3) longstanding premier Kolej Komuniti in Selangor: Sabak Bernam, Selayang, and Kuala Langat. Using a quantitative approach with a sample of 91 respondents, data analysis reveals a preference for planned preventive maintenance over corrective measures. The data obtained was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27.0 software. The respondents include users of the facility services at the Community College, such as top management, academic staff and administrative staff. The objective of this study is to identify the current maintenance management practices in Community Colleges, examine the issues and problems that arise, and suggest the best practices for maintaining campus building. Key findings underscore the importance of skilled personnel, proactive strategies, and adequate budget allocation. However, challenges such as insufficient planning, monitoring inefficiencies, and budgetary constraints persist. Recommendations emphasize the need for robust maintenance policies aligned with organizational goals and greater openness to addressing maintenance issues. Ultimately, implementing best practices in maintenance management can enhance the longevity and utility of Community College campuses, advancing strategic objectives and organizational effectiveness
Factors Influencing the Involvement of TVET Graduates in Career Selection in the Technical Sector in Malaysia
Get PDFCareer selection is an important decision that influences an individual\u27s career path. However, there are significant differences in career choices between men and women in the technical sector. Data were distributed through a questionnaire to TVET graduates around Malaysia. This study examines the influence of gender in the technical sector according to the field. Additionally, the study identifies other factors such as personality, changes in interest, obstacles, salary, and lack of prospects that influence career selection in the TVET sector. This quantitative study will use a survey method using a set of questionnaires to 246 students of Community Colleges, Polytechnics, Institute Kemahiran Belia Negara and ADTEC who were randomly selected in a stratified manner. The instrument used is taken from the ROSS Career Selection Model and has an alpha value of 0.882. The study samples were selected based on the recommendations of the G-Power application; a total of 246 people were used for analysis involving mean, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Multiple Regression. Data were collected manually and through Google Forms and analyzed using SPSS 27.0. The analysis found that 56% worked according to their field, and 44% did not work according to their TVET field of study. The t-test value is 0.856 and the value (p = 0.394 > 0.05), indicating no significant difference between the level of involvement of TVET graduates based on gender. The ANOVA test found a significant value (p=0.010 < 0.05), showing a significant difference between the level of involvement of TVET graduates in career selection in the technical sector based on the institution category. Multiple regression results found five factors to be influential predictors in TVET career selection: Lack of Prospects (r=.495), Personality (r=.584), Career Obstacles (r=.699), Salary (r=.557), and Changes in Interest (r=.494). The findings of this study can provide benefits and serve as guidance for management to assist TVET graduates in future career selection in the technical sector