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Introduction
Get PDFThis introduction examines the historical and cultural context in which Frangochiotika – that is, texts in the Greek vernacular written and/or printed in Latin script – were produced in the Ottoman Levant from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century. These texts served as vital tools for education and religious outreach, and as means of communication for various administrative and societal purposes. By exploring the complex dynamics of digraphia in the multilingual societies of the Eastern Mediterranean, the author traces how these publications reflect broader cultural, political and confessional interactions in the region. Furthermore, after revisiting previous scholarly efforts to catalogue and analyse these materials, he argues that a more systematic study of them will contribute to a deeper understanding of identity formation and linguistic practices in the plural and contested space of the Eastern Mediterranean
Greek in Cyrillic Script: A Manuscript from the Library of the Metochion of the Holy Sepulchre at Constantinople
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to address a manuscript containing the Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil the Great kept in the library of the Metochion of the Holy Sepulchre at Constantinople. The codex is bilingual, Greek-Romanian: the Romanian version, in Cyrillic script (as per norm), occupies the recto and mirrors the Greek text. However, the Greek text on the verso is written in Cyrillic script, too. Based on evidence provided by related archival materials, it seeks to explain the rationale behind this choice of diachronic digraphia (the formula is used here strictly to designate the writing of one language in the script of another)
From ‘‘crimmigration’’ to ‘‘enemy under-criminalization’’: the Greek case of immigration control
Get PDFΗ μελέτη εξετάζει το ελληνικό σύστημα ελέγχου της μετανάστευσης, ξεκινώντας με μια επισκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας για το crimmigration και την ποινολογία του εχθρού. Συνδυάζει ιδέες από αυτές τις έννοιες για να παρουσιάσει τη θεωρία της «εχθρικής υπο-εγκληματοποίησης», η οποία δίνει έμφαση στη μεταχείριση των παράτυπων μεταναστών ως εχθρών του κράτους, χωρίς να τους προσφέρονται οι προστατευτικές εγγυήσεις του ποινικού δικαίου. Στη συνέχεια, η μελέτη προσδιορίζει τους βασικούς πυλώνες που χρησιμοποιεί το ελληνικό κράτος για τον έλεγχο της ανθρώπινης κινητικότητας στα σύνορα. Αυτοί περιλαμβάνουν τη διοικητική κράτηση μεταναστών, τις παράνομες επαναπροωθήσεις και την εγκληματοποίηση της αλληλεγγύης προς τους μετανάστες. Η μελέτη εξετάζει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι μηχανισμοί αυτοί στερούνται την προστασία του ποινικού δικαίου, αντιμετωπίζοντας τους παράτυπους μετανάστες ως εχθρούς. Καταλήγει σημειώνοντας τις προκλήσεις για τη δημοκρατία και το κράτος δικαίου που θέτουν αυτές οι πρακτικές.This essay examines the Greek immigration control system, starting with a brief overview of crimmigration and enemy penology literature. It combines insights from these concepts to introduce the theory of “enemy under-criminalization” which emphasizes the inimical treatment of irregular immigrants without offering them the safeguards of criminal law. The study then identifies key pillars utilized by the Greek state in controlling human mobility at the border. These include immigration detention, pushbacks, and the criminalization of solidarity with immigrants. The essay examines how these mechanisms lack the protections of criminal law, directly treating irregular immigrants as enemies. It concludes by noting the challenges to democracy and the rule of law posed by these practices
Forms of ideological hegemony: The example of “informal labour” and the case of Greece
Get PDFΗ έννοια της «άτυπης εργασίας» χρησιμοποιείται ευρύτατα στις κοινωνικές επιστήμες και επηρεάζει την αντίληψή μας για τον κοινωνικό κόσμο. Πρόκειται όμως για έννοια ουδέτερη και αμερόληπτη; Η παρούσα μελέτη βασίζεται σε εκτεταμένα και ανεκμετάλλευτα αρχεία της Διεθνούς Οργάνωσης Εργασίας που καθιέρωσε την έννοια της «άτυπης εργασίας»· σκιαγραφεί το ευρύτερο ιστορικό πλαίσιο γένεσης του όρου, τις διαδικασίες διάδοσής του και αναδεικνύει την κύρια ιδεολογική εμμονή της εποχής: την επιταγή οικονομικής ανάπτυξης μέσω μαζικής εκβιομηχάνισης. Επικεντρωμένη στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας, από τις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα έως τη δεκαετία του 1980, η μελέτη αντιπαραθέτει διαρκώς τα πραγματολογικά δεδομένα και την ιδεολογική τους μεθερμήνευση. Η έννοια της «άτυπης εργασίας» αντιμετωπίζεται εδώ ως ένας βασικός δείκτης για την προσέγγιση του σύνθετου φαινομένου που ονομάζεται ιδεολογική ηγεμονία.Widely used in the social sciences, the concept of “informal labour” affects our perception of the social world. But is it a neutral and impartial concept? This study draws on extensive and unexploited archives of the International Labour Organization that established the concept of “informal labour”; it outlines the broader historical context of the concept's genesis, the process of its diffusion and highlights the main ideological obsession of the time: the imperative of economic development through massive industrialization. Focusing on the case of Greece, from the beginning of the 20th century until the 1980s, the study constantly contrasts the factual data and their ideological interpretation. The concept of “informal labour” is considered as a key indicator for approaching the complex phenomenon called ideological hegemony
Populism as ideology: relations and reflections
Get PDFΗ εργασία αυτή είναι μια πρώτη προσέγγιση στο σύνθετο ζήτημα των σχέσεων μεταξύ λαϊκισμού και ιδεολογίας μέσα από δύο συγκεκριμένες εννοήσεις της ιδεολογίας. Συγκεκριμένα, συζητάμε μια σειρά από ιδέες που αφορούν εννοιακά προβλήματα αλλά και λειτουργίες της ιδεολογίας μέσα στο κοινωνικο-πολιτικό πεδίο και διαπιστώνουμε ότι υπάρχουν ομοιότητες και αντιστοιχίες μεταξύ των δύο μορφών του λόγου, προτείνουμε δε, συμβατικά, ότι ο λαϊκισμός μπορεί να θεωρηθεί μορφή του ιδεολογικού λόγου, ίσως όχι με την έννοια της «σκληρής» πολιτικής ιδεολογίας αλλά με την έννοια μιας «λεπτής» ιδεολογίας.This essay is an attempt to tackle the complex issue of the relations between populism and ideology, through two specific conceptualizations of ideology, and we aim to examine several ideas concerning conceptual problems as well as functions of ideology within the socio-political field. Our argument, provisionally, is that there are similarities and analogies between the two discursive formations, and we propose that populism can indeed be considered as a form of ideological discourse, maybe not in the sense of a “hard” political ideology but as a “thin” one.
«We request his immediate dismissal»: refugee associations against the oppressive employees of the resettlement agencies
No full textΔεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.In the aftermath of the Asia Minor Catastrophe the Greek state was confronted with the unprecedented task of carrying out a resettlement program for 1.221.849 uprooted Orthodox Greeks. Theoretically, the newcomers had privileged access to the rehabilitation program implemented jointly by the Greek state and international organizations in the form of monetary, material and service support. Nevertheless, the National Schism, the economic recession and the political turmoil of the period influenced both the formulation and the implementation of the refugee policy. Refugees had to vie for resources that were constantly shrinking, an excessive bureaucracy with which they were unfamiliar and a hostile state apparatus which treated them as second-class citizens. Moreover, the immense size of the refugee population, its cultural diversity and their political affiliation with Venizelism affected not only their relations with the indigenous population but also their transactions with the civil servants (who were typically Old Greeks). From the very beginning, refugee organizations that were formed based on the place of origin of their members became the vehicle of refugee adjustment to the new environment as well as the protectors of their interests against the natives. Their boards of directors undertook not only bureaucratic functions (issuing, for example, various refugee status certificates) and institutional roles (participation at various state committees) in the resettlement process, but also assumed the task to defend their members (among them many illiterates, Turkish-speakers and people deprived of networks and information) against the demands and the vagaries of the public administration. The paper examines the initiatives developed by refugee organizations to compete with the chronic weaknesses of the state administration as well as their actions to overcome the obstacles, injustices and exclusions reserved for them by the employees of the rehabilitation services. It further aims to elucidate the role of the associations as pressure groups against the representatives of the rehabilitation services. At the same time, it analyzes the limits of their bargaining power in the whole rehabilitation process of the refugees
Temperature Effects on Growth Rates and Predation Loss of Bacterial Groups in Marine Ecosystems
Get PDFThis study investigated the effects of experimental warming on the major bacterial phylogenetic groups in the marine environment, focusing on their growth and grazing rates, phylogenetic community composition and grazing preferences. A series of growth and grazing experiments were performed in microcosms at a temperature increase of 3°C. The growth rates of all bacterial groups were enhanced by temperature increase. SAR11 and Roseobacter were particularly sensitive to temperature changes, while Gammaproteobacteria were the least affected. Protozoan grazing mainly affected fast-growing groups such as Roseobacter and Gammaproteobacteria, while slower-growing groups such as SAR11 were less affected. In most cases, the growth rates of the bacteria increased more with temperature than the grazing rates of predators. This indicates that temperature has a stronger influence on bacterial growth than on predator activity. At higher temperatures the grazing pressure of nanoflagellates (NF) on Roseobacter and Bacteroidetes increased while Gammaproteobacteria were almost exclusively grazed by ciliates (CIL). As a result, the dominant predator of certain groups and the composition of prey changed with temperature increase. The changes in bacterial community composition at higher temperatures were caused both by the direct effect of temperature on bacterial growth and by shifts in predator grazing preferences. Furthermore, our results suggest that bacterial growth and grazing behaviour of bacterial predators do not necessarily occur simultaneously at higher temperatures and highlight the importance of considering bacterial phylogenetic composition when predicting bacterial response to warming
Damage and economic impact of wood-borers (Bivalvia, Teredinidae) on artisanal fishing in Morocco: a case study
Get PDFThis study presents the first comprehensive assessment of the economic impact of wood-boring bivalves from the family Teredinidae on artisanal fishing in Tangier, Morocco, following the establishment of a new fishing port that has seen a marked increase in infestations since its opening in 2018. We conducted a questionnaire survey with over 40 artisanal shipowners to evaluate the extent of damage and repair costs associated with teredinids. The results indicated that 77.5% of the fleet was affected, with a significant proportion reporting moderate damage. Analysis of wood samples revealed two dominant teredinid species: Lyrodus cf. pedicellatus, and Teredo bartschi, both recorded for the first time in Morocco, marking them as alien invasive species in the region. The vulnerability of wooden boats, particularly those constructed from softwoods (e.g., Picea sp. and Pinus sp.), was evident, while polyester boats remained unaffected. Annual repair costs due to shipworm damage were estimated to exceed Moroccan Dirham (MAD) 4.7 million (US$ 470,000), representing over 6% of the artisanal fishery annual value, significantly impacting the livelihoods of artisanal fishermen. Shipping activities through the Strait of Gibraltar likely facilitated the introduction of teredinids. Their adaptability and rising sea temperatures suggest teredinids’ range will continue to expand, threatening local fishing infrastructure. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted management strategies to mitigate the economic and ecological impacts of these invasive species on artisanal fishing communities
Beneficial effects of metformin on high fructose-induced ovarian cycle abnormalities and antioxidant activity: Effects of metformin on female rats
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin on the regulation of the ovarian cycle through serum antioxidant activities in female rats fructose-induced metabolic syndrome model. Thirty-four, immature female Wistar rats (21 days-old) were randomly divided into five groups (n:4-8/group) control, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), fructose, metformin, and fructose+metformin groups. The metabolic syndrome model was induced by fructose solution (20% w/v) for 15 weeks. Metformin was administrated by oral gavage in CMC solution for the last final 6 weeks. Vaginal cytology was evaluated before and at the 9th and 15th weeks of the experiment. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and paraoxonase (PON)-1 levels were assessed in serum samples. The statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA test. Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Metformin restored the regularity of the estrous cycle, which was disturbed by a high fructose diet. Moreover, dietary high-fructose markedly increased serum TOS and OSI values, but significantly decreased serum TAS and PON-1 levels than the other groups (p < 0.05). Metformin, through its antioxidant activity, may have had a beneficial effect on the impaired ovarian cycle associated with oxidative stress induced by high fructose diet
Evaluation of Eosinophilic Myositis in a Bull: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Findings
Get PDFIn this case report, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of eosinophilic myositis (EM) observed in the gluteal muscles of a 15-month-old Holstein bull are presented. Macroscopically, multifocally distributed distinct gray-greenish demarcated foci were observed. Microscopic examinations revealed an inflammatory reaction with predominance of eosinophil granulocytes accompanied by mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrations among myofibrils and increased connective tissue. Luna staining confirmed the presence of intracytoplasmic red granules in eosinophil leukocytes. Numerous remnants of sarcocyst cysts were found within the myofibers. Immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated increased expression of TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-7, Cas-3, and IL-3. The findings of this study indicated the significant roles of cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and apoptosis in the development of eosinophilic myositis