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Pedagogy and Democracy: A Comparative Study of the Ideas of Dewey, Freire and Delmouzou
No full textΣτο πεδίο της επιστήμης της παιδαγωγική η αναδρομική διερεύνηση των θεωριών και των ιδεών μορφών πρωτοπόρων στην καλλιέργεια της δημοκρατικής κουλτούρας στην εκπαίδευση, συνιστά ευκαιρία αναστοχασμού επί της παιδαγωγικής προόδου στο αντίστοιχο πεδίο σήμερα που η δημοκρατία ως πολιτειακό σύστημα εμφανίζεται «σε κρίση» ή «σε ύφεση». Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνώνται συγκριτικά οι απόψεις των Dewey, Freire και Δελμούζου ως προς τη συμβολή τους στη διαμόρφωση της προοπτικής για ένα δημοκρατικό σχολείο. Σε μια εποχή που η δημοκρατία αποτελεί ζητούμενο κρίνεται σκόπιμο να διαφανεί το επιστημολογικό υπόβαθρο εξέλιξης της παιδαγωγικής επιστήμης με ιδέες ορόσημα στο πεδίο ενδιαφέροντός μας, που διευρύνουν και οριοθετούν τη δημοκρατική κουλτούρα στην εκπαίδευση. Αξιοποιώντας την ανάλυση περιεχομένου, το έργο των παραπάνω παιδαγωγών προσεγγίζεται υπό το πρίσμα των ακόλουθων τριών αξόνων: τη διαμόρφωση των σχέσεων δασκάλου-μαθητή, την οργάνωση του παιδαγωγικού μαθησιακού πλαισίου και την προσέγγιση της γνώσης ως περιεχομένου, ώστε να οριοθετηθεί ένα εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο συζήτησης. Το βασικό ερευνητικό ερώτημα που τίθεται είναι «πώς οραματίστηκαν οι προσωπικότητες αυτές το δημοκρατικό σχολείο, δρώντας σε διαφορετικά πλαίσια, και πόσο απέχει από το σχολείο στη σημερινή κοινωνία των προκλήσεων». Μολονότι οι εν λόγω στοχαστές προέρχονται από διαφορετικά πολιτικά και πολιτισμικά πλαίσια, η παιδαγωγική τους σκέψη διαμόρφωσε κατευθύνσεις που αποτελούν διαχρονικούς στόχους για κάθε κοινωνία που θέλει να χαρακτηρίζεται ως δημοκρατική.A retrospective journey into the field of educational science, by recording educational theories and ideas of pioneers in the field of cultivating democratic culture in education, provides an opportunity for reflection on the progress of pedagogy in the field today, where democracy as a political system appears to be "in crisis" or "in decline". This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the ideas of Dewey, Freire, and Delmouzos regarding their contribution to shaping the perspective for a democratic school. In an era where democracy is a sought-after goal, it is considered essential to reveal the epistemological background of the evolution of educational science with landmark ideas in our field of interest, which broaden and define democratic culture in education. Through content analysis, this study examines the works of these thinkers, focusing on three key dimensions: the nature of teacher-student relationships, the organization of the pedagogical learning environment, and the conception of knowledge as content., in order to define a conceptual framework for discussion. The main research question posed is "how did these personalities envision the democratic school, acting and reflecting in different contexts, and how far is it from the school in today's challenging society?" Although these thinkers come from different political and cultural contexts, their pedagogical thinking has shaped directions that are timeless goals for any society that wants to be characterized as democratic, and the case of the Greek political system is treated as such, where however the challenges are many. From the analysis of the results, the following conclusions emerge. Regarding the shaping of the relationship between teachers and students, the concept of student-centeredness and the active participation of students in the educational process is dominant. The student is placed at the centre of the organization of educational practice in order to eliminate dogmatism and the dominance of the teacher as an authority. The pedagogical environment is shaped within a relationship of equality and freedom where the opinions of students are primary. At the same time, the active participation of students in the organization and implementation of activities contributes to strengthening students' active citizenship and can have a significant impact on the shaping of a democratic climate in the classroom and ultimately outside the classroom in society. As for the second axis of analysis, the aim of educators is to co-shape the pedagogical framework with students through dialogue and gradually achieve self-regulation and self-control, so that in a climate of freedom, but not anarchy, it can develop and evolve into a democratic context. As for the third axis of analysis, in terms of what kind of knowledge is defined as the content of the learning process, two parameters emerged as particularly important in the work of the aforementioned thinkers: the interests of the students and the socio-political context that shapes their contemporary reality
A New Honorific Inscription for Sabina from Lyttos
No full textThe present article publishes a new honorific inscription for Sabina, wife of Hadrian, from the Cretan city of Lyttos. The text of the fragmentary statue base, inscribed in the years just before or during the 120s A.D. and found in the Sebasteion during the 2024 season of the Lyktos Archaeological Project, is only partially preserved. Nevertheless, it reveals unusual features in Lyttian honorific practice, including the sequence of Hadrian's titles and the use of ἐπί with genitive / dative, and adds to the small corpus of Cretan inscriptions for Sabina. The article further contributes to the discussion of Sabina's acquisition of the title Augusta and to the practice of the imperial cult in Lyttos
Science, Gender and Atheism in the Greek Context
No full textThis article explores the intersection of science, atheism and gender in Greek history from the interwar period to the period of the Μεταπολίτευση, or democratic transition (1936–1974). Engaging with science studies, gender studies and masculinity studies, it addresses the methodological and historiographical challenges of analysing gender in the absence of women from primary historical archives. By developing an interdisciplinary epistemological framework, the article explores how masculinity and gender power relations shaped and were shaped by the interactions between science,atheism and Orthodox Christianity. The study is divided into two sections: the first outlines the theoretical and methodological foundations, while the second applies this framework to the Greek journal Πρωτοπόροι (1930–1931), offering new insights into the gendered dimensions of scientific and religious discourses. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the sociopolitical and epistemological structures that influenced the development of science in modern Greec
Taxation and State during the Greek Revolution: Comments on the Tax Registers (1822 and 1829)
No full textThis article investigates the fiscal mechanisms of the Greek state during the Greek Revolution, with a particular focus on taxation and the institutional formation of the public finances between 1822 and 1829. Drawing on underexplored fiscal documents – such as tax registers and auction records – it examines how the Provisional Administration sought to establish a centralised revenue system through the abolition of Ottoman personal taxes, the introduction of tithe-based taxation and the leasing of public revenues. The analysis highlights both continuities with Ottoman fiscal practices and significant innovations aimed at legitimising and consolidating state authority underrevolutionary conditions
Michalis Sotiropoulos, Liberalism after the Revolution: The Intellectual Foundations of the Greek State, c. 1830–1880
No full textComparative Analysis of Emergency Management Systems in Higher Education Institutions Worldwide: Lessons for the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and Higher Education Institutions in Greece
No full textΗ διαχείριση κινδύνων και η επιχειρησιακή ετοιμότητα των Ανώτατων Εκπαιδευτικών Ιδρυμάτων (ΑΕΙ) αποτελούν θεμελιώδεις προϋποθέσεις για την προστασία της ζωής, της περιουσίας και της ακαδημαϊκής λειτουργίας σε περιόδους κρίσεων και καταστροφών. Οι πρόσφατες κρίσεις, όπως οι σεισμοί, οι δασικές πυρκαγιές και οι υγειονομικές πανδημίες, ανέδειξαν ότι οι πανεπιστημιακοί χώροι δεν είναι απλώς εκπαιδευτικά και ερευνητικά κέντρα, αλλά κρίσιμες υποδομές με έντονη κοινωνική και οικονομική διάσταση. Η αυξανόμενη συχνότητα και ένταση των φυσικών και ανθρωπογενών καταστροφών καθιστά αναγκαία την ενίσχυση των μηχανισμών Πολιτικής Προστασίας (ΠΠ) στον χώρο της τριτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στην ανθεκτικότητα και την πρόληψη.
Η παρούσα μελέτη εστιάζει συγκριτικά στην οργανωτική ετοιμότητα του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ) και άλλων ελληνικών ΑΕΙ, με στόχο την αποτύπωση υφιστάμενων πρακτικών και την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων από διεθνείς εμπειρίες. Ειδικότερα, εξετάζονται καλές πρακτικές από πανεπιστήμια σε Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες, Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, Ιαπωνία και Αυστραλία, χώρες με παράδοση στην ανάπτυξη θεσμών Πολιτικής Προστασίας και στη διαχείριση πολύπλοκων κρίσεων. Η σύγκριση αυτή επιτρέπει την ανάδειξη κοινών προτύπων, όπως η ενσωμάτωση της διαχείρισης κρίσεων στον στρατηγικό σχεδιασμό των πανεπιστημίων, η θεσμοθέτηση ομάδων έκτακτης ανάγκης, η συστηματική εκπαίδευση προσωπικού και φοιτητών, καθώς και η αξιοποίηση τεχνολογικών εργαλείων για την έγκαιρη ειδοποίηση και την επιχειρησιακή διαλειτουργικότητα.
Σε μεθοδολογικό επίπεδο, η έρευνα βασίστηκε σε μικτό σχεδιασμό. Αφενός αξιοποιήθηκαν ποσοτικά δεδομένα από ερωτηματολόγια που διανεμήθηκαν σε στελέχη και προσωπικό ελληνικών ΑΕΙ, και αφετέρου πραγματοποιήθηκαν ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις με αρμόδιους φορείς και εμπλεκόμενα στελέχη, προκειμένου να αποτυπωθούν ποιοτικά οι εμπειρίες, οι αντιλήψεις και οι ανάγκες τους. Επιπλέον, υλοποιήθηκε συγκριτική ανάλυση θεσμικών πλαισίων και πολιτικών σε διεθνές επίπεδο, με έμφαση σε κατευθυντήριες γραμμές του ΟΗΕ (Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction), της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (Union Civil Protection Mechanism, rescEU) και του ελληνικού νομικού πλαισίου (Ν. 4662/2020).
Η ανάλυση ανέδειξε έξι κρίσιμους πυλώνες που συγκροτούν ένα καθολικό πλαίσιο αναφοράς για την ενίσχυση της ανθεκτικότητας στα ΑΕΙ: (α) οργανωτική δομή και σχέδια Πολιτικής Προστασίας, (β) υποδομές και τεχνικά μέτρα ετοιμότητας, (γ) ανθρώπινο δυναμικό και εκπαιδευτικές δράσεις, (δ) συνεργασία με εξωτερικούς φορείς και αρχές, (ε) τεχνολογικά εργαλεία και καινοτομία, και (στ) συγκριτική αξιολόγηση μεταξύ ελληνικών και διεθνών ΑΕΙ. Η συγκριτική αποτίμηση αποκάλυψε ότι, ενώ διεθνώς πολλά πανεπιστήμια κινούνται προς μια ολοκληρωμένη στρατηγική διαχείρισης κρίσεων, τα ελληνικά ΑΕΙ εξακολουθούν να παρουσιάζουν σημαντικά κενά σε θέματα εκπαίδευσης, κουλτούρας πρόληψης, διαλειτουργικότητας και οργανωμένης συνεργασίας με εξωτερικούς φορείς.
Η έρευνα καταλήγει σε συγκεκριμένες οριζόντιες συστάσεις που μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν άμεσα στο ελληνικό πλαίσιο: θεσμική ενδυνάμωση, δημιουργία κοινών διαύλων δεδομένων, στοχευμένη χρηματοδότηση και καλλιέργεια κουλτούρας ανθεκτικότητας σε όλα τα επίπεδα της ακαδημαϊκής κοινότητας. Οι συστάσεις αυτές μπορούν να γεφυρώσουν το υφιστάμενο «κενό ετοιμότητας» και να ευθυγραμμίσουν τα ελληνικά ΑΕΙ με τα διεθνή πρότυπα. Σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα, το προτεινόμενο πλαίσιο λειτουργεί ως προσαρμόσιμο και κλιμακούμενο μοντέλο, ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμο για πανεπιστήμια που δραστηριοποιούνται σε περιβάλλοντα με κατακερματισμένες δομές ή περιορισμένους πόρους.
Συμπερασματικά, η μετάβαση από μια παθητική, αντιδραστική προσέγγιση σε μια ενεργητική κουλτούρα ετοιμότητας και πρόληψης δεν είναι μόνο επιθυμητή αλλά αποτελεί απαραίτητη προϋπόθεση για τη δημιουργία ασφαλών, ανθεκτικών και βιώσιμων πανεπιστημίων. Το προτεινόμενο μοντέλο προσφέρει έναν οδικό χάρτη για το ΕΚΠΑ, τα ελληνικά ΑΕΙ και την παγκόσμια ακαδημαϊκή κοινότητα, προκειμένου να διαμορφωθούν πανεπιστήμια-οργανισμοί που δεν περιορίζονται στην αντίδραση απέναντι στις κρίσεις, αλλά προετοιμάζονται, προλαμβάνουν και εξασφαλίζουν την απρόσκοπτη λειτουργία και αποστολή τους ακόμη και σε συνθήκες αβεβαιότητας.
Επιπλέον, η μελέτη δεν περιορίζεται στη βελτίωση της διαχείρισης κινδύνων και της επιχειρησιακής ετοιμότητας στα ελληνικά ΑΕΙ. Στοχεύει να συμβάλει ευρύτερα στη διεθνή συζήτηση για την οργάνωση και την ενίσχυση της Πολιτικής Προστασίας στα πανεπιστήμια, ιδιαίτερα σε χώρες όπου η θεσμική οργάνωση είναι περιορισμένη ή ανύπαρκτη. Με τον τρόπο αυτό, προτείνεται ένα προσαρμόσιμο πλαίσιο που μπορεί να αξιοποιηθεί ως οδηγός για την ανάπτυξη συστημάτων ανθεκτικότητας σε ακαδημαϊκά ιδρύματα διεθνώς, υποστηρίζοντας την παγκόσμια προσπάθεια για ασφαλή, ανθεκτική και βιώσιμη ανώτατη εκπαίδευση.The present study primarily focuses on the extent of Emergency Management (EM) preparedness at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), benchmarking best practices from leading Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) internationally. Methodologically, it has applied: (a) a systematic literature review over frameworks and international standards of EM; (b) seven international HEI comparative analyses based on available public plans, organizational structures, and EM protocols; and (c) empirical assessment that includes NKUA plus thirteen Greek HEIs through qualitative semi-structured interviews together with a quantitative questionnaire answered by 53 administrative plus technical staff having operational responsibilities in EM. The results expose major structural-operational deficiencies at Greek HEIs. There is no centralized EM directorate, interoperability with public authorities is limited, preparedness drills and emergency planning are conducted in fragmented ways, while systematic provisions for vulnerable groups are absent. In comparison, the international HEIs we studied - UC Berkeley, UBC, the University of Oxford, UCL, the University of Sydney, the University of Tokyo, and the University of Canterbury have integrated mature EM systems based on regularly revised Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs) as well as: multi-channel alerting systems, physical & cyber security 24/7, institutionalized drills and accessibility measures for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs).
Considering all the above, a six-pillar organizational model is proposed specifically for Greek HEIs including: 1) institutionalized EM governance, 2) integrated 24/7 physical and cyber security, 3) preparedness drills and training programs on a constant basis, 4) ISO-and FEMA compliant interoperable EOPs (inclusive EOPs covering all functions and operations aligned with both international standards and best practices), 5) digital multi-channel emergency alerting and 6) formal cooperation framework with external authorities via Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs). This proposed organization for Greek HEIs is depicted in Figure10 through an Emergency Management Directorate and more specifically targeted policy recommendations listed inTable3. This study provides a framework for EM in HEIs, proposing preparedness and resilience measures thus adding to the existing relative literature. The flexibility of the proposed framework allows its implementation even in HEIs with fragmented governance environments or under resource constraints. A necessity for a transition from a reactive crisis response to proactive preparedness is highlighted by the findings of the study, aiming at structuring safe, resilient and sustainable HEIs
Marine megafauna bycatch in the Pelagie Archipelago fisheries (Strait of Sicily, central Mediterranean)
No full textSeabirds rank among the most threatened long-lived marine species globally, with unintentional capture in fisheries (bycatch) being a major source of mortality. The Pelagie Archipelago, located in the Strait of Sicily in the central Mediterranean, hosts different fishing activities and is a hotspot for marine megafauna biodiversity, including the second most important breeding colony of Scopoli’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) in the Mediterranean. This study presents one of the first assessments of seabird bycatch in Italian waters, evaluating the impact of multiple fishing gears on marine megafauna, particularly seabirds, using data collected between 2021 and 2024. A total of 35 fishing trips (215 hauls) were monitored through onboard observations, and 29 structured interviews were conducted with local fishers. Bycatch rates were estimated using standardized metrics, including Bycatch Per Unit Effort (BPUE; birds per 1,000 hooks) for drifting longlines, which are the gear most frequently associated with seabird mortality. Overall, 27 C. diomedea and 9 yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) were unintentionally caught during drifting longline operations, with an additional C. diomedea caught incidentally in bottom trawling. No seabird bycatch was observed in other gear types, such as gillnets, lines, and set longlines). However, a number of other long-lived species of conservation concern, including sharks, rays, and sea turtles were unintentionally caught, primarily through bottom trawling and drifting longlines. No cetaceans were caught by any gear during the monitoring fishing trips. During the interview survey, fishers reported several incidents of bycatch involving seabirds, elasmobranchs, and sea turtles, particularly related to drifting longlines. This represents the first preliminary investigation indicating that bycatch of different seabird species occurs in the Pelagie Archipelago. Overall, the data demonstrated that drifting longlines could pose a threat to the survival of these species in the area. Finally, more research and collaboration with fisheries are essential to gather additional data and evaluate the potential conservation implications for marine megafauna in the Pelagie Archipelago
Ask the audience: Characterization of diving pressure on marine caves using diving operators’ knowledge
No full textMarine caves are considered biodiversity hotspots and serve as refuge habitats for both endemic and non-endemic species. Due to their low resilience, this habitat is considered vulnerable and is included as a key habitat in the European Union’s (EU) Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). Recreational diving has been identified as a significant threat to this habitat, causing sediment resuspension, destruction of epibenthic organisms by contact, and the accumulation of exhaled air from divers on the ceiling, which can lead to the death of benthic organisms trapped in the air pockets. Consequently, urgent management measures for recreational diving in this fragile habitat are necessary, particularly since this activity has experienced substantial growth during the last decades, evolving into a form of mass tourism. The development of effective management strategies for marine caves is challenging, astheir exploitation and distribution are poorly known and cannot be estimated using traditional oceanographic mapping techniques applied to other benthic habitats. In this study, we conducted face-to-face, semi-structured questionnaires with dive operators, and used their Local Ecological Knowledge to estimate the spatial distribution of submerged and semi-submerged marine caves affected by recreational diving, the frequency of this activity, and the perception of diving centers regarding the impact of their activity on marine caves of the islands of Majorca and Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Additionally, diving centers were asked to suggest potential measures to mitigate these impacts. Our results indicate that this approach is effective in identifying marine caves affected by recreational diving (a total of 111 marine caves were identified) and in determining key factors regarding the impact of recreational diving (accessibility of the cave and proximity to the diving center). This methodology also reveals that dive operators are generally aware of the reasons for protecting marine caves and the good practices required to protect this habitat, but little effort is made to implement these practices. These findings underline priority areas for intervention and suggest conservation practices to manage recreational diving in marine caves
Highly diverse epifaunal bryozoans on the invasive alien species Rugulopteryx okamurae (Ochrophyta) in the Strait of Gibraltar area, with the description of a new species
No full textThe invasive brown alga Rugulopteryx okamurae (Ochrophyta) has undergone a rapid expansion in the Strait of Gibraltar sinceits introduction in 2015, significantly altering coastal habitats. This study focused on analyzing the composition and structure of epifaunal bryozoan assemblages associated with R. okamurae populations on infralittoral rocky bottoms in the Strait of Gibraltar and adjacent areas (southern Spain). Seven samples were collected, each from one sampling station, using scuba diving techniques. A total of 49 bryozoan taxa were recorded, 45 of which were identified at the species level. This level of biodiversity makes this area a hotspot for bryozoans. One cyclostomatid species, Favosipora infrarockensis Ramalho n. sp., is described here as new to science; three other species are recorded here for the first time in Spanish waters, and nine are newly recorded in the Strait of Gibraltar and the Alboran Sea. Multivariate analyses revealed the presence of two distinct sample groups, primarily influenced by the geographical location within the Strait of Gibraltar. The species richness per sample ranged from 4 to 29, showing a positive trend with the wet biomass of R. okamurae. Most species have a wide biogeographic distribution across the Atlantic and Mediterranean, while only 15.6% of them are endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. This study highlights the high diversity of epibiont bryozoans in the Strait of Gibraltar area, in this case associated with R. okamurae, which is an invasive species that represents a severe threat to local biodiversity and is causing profound changes to habitats and associated communities
The spread of Aoroides longimerus Ren & Zheng, 1996 across the Mediterranean and the Atlantic: genetic diversity, anthropogenic transport, and ecological implications
No full textAccurate knowledge of the global distribution of non-indigenous species (NIS) is essential for understanding their invasion dynamics and for implementing timely management measures. This study reports the first records of the marine amphipod Aoroides longimerus, putatively native to the East Asian coast, in Italy (2018), Spain (2019) and Tunisia (2022) and provides the earliest documented record of the species in its introduced European range (Portugal, 2011). Furthermore, it expands the species’ known distribution in mainland Portugal (including the northernmost record), Macaronesia (with first records in the Canary Islands and Madeira), and confirms its presence along the Atlantic coasts of France and the Netherlands. Aquaculture facilities, particularly those associated with oyster farming, are probably the primary vector of introduction, while recreational boating may have contributed significantly to secondary dispersal. In comparison to other exotic amphipods, A. longimerus remains absent from many marinas, ports and/or aquaculture facilities in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent regions, such as the Red Sea. This suggests that the species may still be in the early stages of expansion, or that its dispersal ability across marinas and ports is more limited than that of other amphipods. The present study, however, highlights several key ecological traits of A. longimerus: (i) it can survive year-round despite seasonal fluctuations, and reach high local densities, (ii) it exhibits strong colonisation capacity, as shown by its rapid establishment on settlement plates, and (iii) it displays opportunistic feeding behaviour, primarily consuming detritus. These characteristics underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and effective communication with stakeholders to prevent further expansion of this species