Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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Konsekwencje zmian polityczno-ekonomicznych w Rosji po upadku komunizmu
Get PDFOn the basis of analysis of the transformations occurring in Russia following the collapse of Communism, the Author proposes a research hypothesis in terms of three statements. Firstly, Russia is creating the foundations for the development of a market economy, yet this process is hardly dynamic and has not involved all the branches of the economy. Secondly, there are no symptoms to demonstrate that a civic society is emerging in Russia, with tradition playing a significant role in how the relations between the elements and social institutions are perceived. Thirdly, the Kremlin’s foreign policy is not clearly formulated, and no transparent strategy or clear objectives have been worked out.On the basis of analysis of the transformations occurring in Russia following the collapse of Communism, the Author proposes a research hypothesis in terms of three statements. Firstly, Russia is creating the foundations for the development of a market economy, yet this process is hardly dynamic and has not involved all the branches of the economy. Secondly, there are no symptoms to demonstrate that a civic society is emerging in Russia, with tradition playing a significant role in how the relations between the elements and social institutions are perceived. Thirdly, the Kremlin’s foreign policy is not clearly formulated, and no transparent strategy or clear objectives have been worked out
Internet jako narzędzie komunikacji politycznej w społeczeństwie obywatelskim
Get PDFWe are currently witnessing an ongoing information revolution. It creates new standards of obtaining and managing information in various organizations, including political ones. G. Rydlewski justifiably claims that the information revolution is characterized by several features: the factor of territorial union decreases in importance, whereas the significance of channels of communication flow increases at the expense of classical instruments of political power. Power shifts from the management of resources to themanagement of flows. Some new technologiesmake some of themethods formerly applied by politicians useless. A so-called political cyberspace is emerging. The consequences of this process may involve extensive transformations in the way power is exercised. The scope of the issues involving themechanisms of direct democracy will expand.By this token the realmof the functioning of civic societywill also expand.We are currently witnessing an ongoing information revolution. It creates new standards of obtaining and managing information in various organizations, including political ones. G. Rydlewski justifiably claims that the information revolution is characterized by several features: the factor of territorial union decreases in importance, whereas the significance of channels of communication flow increases at the expense of classical instruments of political power. Power shifts from the management of resources to themanagement of flows. Some new technologiesmake some of themethods formerly applied by politicians useless. A so-called political cyberspace is emerging. The consequences of this process may involve extensive transformations in the way power is exercised. The scope of the issues involving themechanisms of direct democracy will expand.By this token the realmof the functioning of civic societywill also expand
Wizerunek polityka lokalnego i rola środków masowego przekazu w jego kształtowaniu
Get PDFThe Author of the paper discusses the notion of the image, presents the expectations of Poles concerning politicians (in particular politicians at a local level), and pays particular attention to the importance of the diversified history of different regions in Poland. The paper also addresses the problem of how an image is created emphasizing those elements that are significant from the perspective of a local politician. Finally, the Author refers to the significance of the mass media and direct electioneering during a campaign at a local level.The Author of the paper discusses the notion of the image, presents the expectations of Poles concerning politicians (in particular politicians at a local level), and pays particular attention to the importance of the diversified history of different regions in Poland. The paper also addresses the problem of how an image is created emphasizing those elements that are significant from the perspective of a local politician. Finally, the Author refers to the significance of the mass media and direct electioneering during a campaign at a local level
O europejskiej tożsamości Ukrainy w doktrynie Jana Pawła II
Get PDFJohn Paul II was renowned for his considerable competence in the issues of Eastern Europe and the dialogue between the Catholic and Orthodox faiths. To a large extent this followed from his biography. As a Slav among Latinists he had a completely different and much more direct outlook on those matters than his predecessors or Roman curial officers. He could understand the intricate relations between nations, denominations and cultures in this area. Therefore he devoted a considerable portion of his considerations to them. He also directed his attention to Ukraine. What was the most significant element in the reflection of John Paul II, former CardinalWojtyla, on the Ukraine, or – more broadly – on Eastern Slavs, was a strong emphasis on the European identity of Ukrainian nation and East-Slavic nations in general. The Polish Pope indicated that since its baptism in 988 the history of Kiev, Russia and its ‘spiritual’ inheritors form an integral part of the history of European civilization and culture. In his last book, published just before he died, the Pope analyzed the evangelization process of Eastern Slavs, including the present Ukrainians, and he stated without a shadow of doubt that “all that is a part of Europe’s history and to some extent shows the European nature itself.”John Paul II was renowned for his considerable competence in the issues of Eastern Europe and the dialogue between the Catholic and Orthodox faiths. To a large extent this followed from his biography. As a Slav among Latinists he had a completely different and much more direct outlook on those matters than his predecessors or Roman curial officers. He could understand the intricate relations between nations, denominations and cultures in this area. Therefore he devoted a considerable portion of his considerations to them. He also directed his attention to Ukraine. What was the most significant element in the reflection of John Paul II, former CardinalWojtyla, on the Ukraine, or – more broadly – on Eastern Slavs, was a strong emphasis on the European identity of Ukrainian nation and East-Slavic nations in general. The Polish Pope indicated that since its baptism in 988 the history of Kiev, Russia and its ‘spiritual’ inheritors form an integral part of the history of European civilization and culture. In his last book, published just before he died, the Pope analyzed the evangelization process of Eastern Slavs, including the present Ukrainians, and he stated without a shadow of doubt that “all that is a part of Europe’s history and to some extent shows the European nature itself.
Grażyna Czubek, Piotr Kosiewski (red.), Własność a dobra kultury, Warszawa 2006, TRIO 2006, ss. 238.
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Na granicy Unii Europejskiej – pozycja europejskich terytoriów autonomicznych w dobie globalizacji i integracji. Przypadek Wysp Alandzkich
Get PDFThe model of autonomy developed by the Aland Isles can provide a number of interesting solutions applicable in other territories. Territorial autonomy as a manner of ensuring the political and economic rights of the minority involves facing up to the challenges of European integration and globalization. It seems that the Aland Isles have successfully coped with this challenge. Firstly, they were able to present and promote their own interests during the accession negotiations in an efficient manner. Secondly, they maintained (and additionally strengthened by including it in the aquis communitaire) their separate, autonomous status and the guarantees of identity protection by virtue of limiting the rights of persons without domicile rights to purchase land and run business activity. Thirdly, they managed to obtain a special status excluding them from the process of indirect tax harmonization, thus ensuring considerable economic benefits. Fourthly, both Finland and the European Union confirmed their autonomy, demilitarization and neutrality allowing the Isles to retain their former status under the new circumstances. Fifthly, they obtained representation in the Committee of the Regions and a defined position on European matters in Finland. The skillful application of the existing solutions and the winning of an advantageous set of derogations and exceptions strengthened the position of the Isles both with respect to Finland and the international surroundings. The Isles’ economic, cultural and political protection was augmented. Alongside their participation in international organizations, such as The Nordic Board, the Aland Isles have remained active and discernible on the international arena.The model of autonomy developed by the Aland Isles can provide a number of interesting solutions applicable in other territories. Territorial autonomy as a manner of ensuring the political and economic rights of the minority involves facing up to the challenges of European integration and globalization. It seems that the Aland Isles have successfully coped with this challenge. Firstly, they were able to present and promote their own interests during the accession negotiations in an efficient manner. Secondly, they maintained (and additionally strengthened by including it in the aquis communitaire) their separate, autonomous status and the guarantees of identity protection by virtue of limiting the rights of persons without domicile rights to purchase land and run business activity. Thirdly, they managed to obtain a special status excluding them from the process of indirect tax harmonization, thus ensuring considerable economic benefits. Fourthly, both Finland and the European Union confirmed their autonomy, demilitarization and neutrality allowing the Isles to retain their former status under the new circumstances. Fifthly, they obtained representation in the Committee of the Regions and a defined position on European matters in Finland. The skillful application of the existing solutions and the winning of an advantageous set of derogations and exceptions strengthened the position of the Isles both with respect to Finland and the international surroundings. The Isles’ economic, cultural and political protection was augmented. Alongside their participation in international organizations, such as The Nordic Board, the Aland Isles have remained active and discernible on the international arena
Podmiot feministyczny w koncepcjach Luce Irigaray, Julii Kristevy oraz Donny Haraway
Get PDFPost-modernist debate focuses around the concept of the world and man presented by the philosophy described as the Enlightenment, Modernist or modern philosophy. At its culmination is the paradigm of knowledge developed by Kant and Descartes. The feminist theory of emancipation could not ignore the transformation reflected in every realm of cultural reality. The belief in a monolithic subject free from limitations has collapsed, as a result of events over the past few centuries and has left only the melancholy of uprooting. Feminism, particularly its second wave, has also joined the dispute on the shape of a new subjectivity. This discourse offers more than just a different outlook upon man, but also the reflection that points out to all the difficulties related to the discussion of the subject.Post-modernist debate focuses around the concept of the world and man presented by the philosophy described as the Enlightenment, Modernist or modern philosophy. At its culmination is the paradigm of knowledge developed by Kant and Descartes. The feminist theory of emancipation could not ignore the transformation reflected in every realm of cultural reality. The belief in a monolithic subject free from limitations has collapsed, as a result of events over the past few centuries and has left only the melancholy of uprooting. Feminism, particularly its second wave, has also joined the dispute on the shape of a new subjectivity. This discourse offers more than just a different outlook upon man, but also the reflection that points out to all the difficulties related to the discussion of the subject
Masowa prywatyzacja w Polsce jako jeden z elementów budowania społeczeństwa obywatelskiego
Get PDFPrivatization was and has remained one of the most important elements of the transformations that have taken place in all countries with a centralized economy. Alexander Solzhenitsyn observed that “it is impossible to create a state governed by laws without first having an independent citizen ... But there can be no independent citizen without private property”. Consequently, it is the rapid privatization that directly influences the process of building civic society in post-communist countries. Krzysztof Murawski claims that the reason for that is that there is a direct relationship between freedom and property. Property is closely related to freedom as it provides citizens with the feeling of independence from the state and allows them to gather the results of their work as renewable goods that can be freely managed and multiplied for one’s own individual as well as the social good. It can be assumed that the development of private property produces two advantageous social results: the efficiency of business activity increases as does the realm of responsible political freedom.Privatization was and has remained one of the most important elements of the transformations that have taken place in all countries with a centralized economy. Alexander Solzhenitsyn observed that “it is impossible to create a state governed by laws without first having an independent citizen ... But there can be no independent citizen without private property”. Consequently, it is the rapid privatization that directly influences the process of building civic society in post-communist countries. Krzysztof Murawski claims that the reason for that is that there is a direct relationship between freedom and property. Property is closely related to freedom as it provides citizens with the feeling of independence from the state and allows them to gather the results of their work as renewable goods that can be freely managed and multiplied for one’s own individual as well as the social good. It can be assumed that the development of private property produces two advantageous social results: the efficiency of business activity increases as does the realm of responsible political freedom
Pro choice i pro life – rozbieżne dyskursy. Przyczynek do problemu debaty i konstruowania obiektywności
Get PDFAbortion has been a tool of birth control since time immemorial. The problem of abortion is as old as time itself. What has always made abortion a problem is the dilemma a woman faces due to her ability to procreate on the one hand, and the ‘liberation’ of woman from this dilemma – whether by denying her the right to abortion, or by forcing her to have an abortion – on the other. However significant and dramatic, a woman’s dilemma is not the subject of the present considerations. The subject refers to selected arguments intended to liberate woman from this dilemma, and the arguments used to confirm women’s competence with reference to the problem under discussion. The purpose is to demonstrate the principal differences of these two, arguments, as well as a narrower argument that might combine the intentions of both parties of this centuries-old debate.Abortion has been a tool of birth control since time immemorial. The problem of abortion is as old as time itself. What has always made abortion a problem is the dilemma a woman faces due to her ability to procreate on the one hand, and the ‘liberation’ of woman from this dilemma – whether by denying her the right to abortion, or by forcing her to have an abortion – on the other. However significant and dramatic, a woman’s dilemma is not the subject of the present considerations. The subject refers to selected arguments intended to liberate woman from this dilemma, and the arguments used to confirm women’s competence with reference to the problem under discussion. The purpose is to demonstrate the principal differences of these two, arguments, as well as a narrower argument that might combine the intentions of both parties of this centuries-old debate