Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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Pozycja kobiet na polskim rynku pracy. Uwarunkowania prawne i rzeczywistość
Get PDFPolish women are in a significantly less advantageous position than men with respect to employment, or professional promotion. They are also the majority among the unemployed, despite their increasingly better education. The unequal attitude to women is also expressed in terms of their salaries – on average women earn 17% less than men. The paper presents the statistical data on women’s unemployment, describes the legal conditions of women’s functioning on the labor market, and shows that, despite the formal ban on discrimination, it is present in more or less concealed forms. The paper describes the obstacles women face trying to find employment and in taking full advantage of their skills, e.g. the glass ceiling. The author familiarizes the notion of the glass ceiling and she also refers to the role of stereotypes and the atmosphere of one’s home in the future functioning on the labor market.Polish women are in a significantly less advantageous position than men with respect to employment, or professional promotion. They are also the majority among the unemployed, despite their increasingly better education. The unequal attitude to women is also expressed in terms of their salaries – on average women earn 17% less than men. The paper presents the statistical data on women’s unemployment, describes the legal conditions of women’s functioning on the labor market, and shows that, despite the formal ban on discrimination, it is present in more or less concealed forms. The paper describes the obstacles women face trying to find employment and in taking full advantage of their skills, e.g. the glass ceiling. The author familiarizes the notion of the glass ceiling and she also refers to the role of stereotypes and the atmosphere of one’s home in the future functioning on the labor market
Odrodzenie obywatela w Polsce i NRD szesnaście lat po rozpoczęciu transformacji systemowej
Get PDFIn the Author’s opinion, if the development of civic society is to be measured in terms of participation in political life and involvement in non-government organizations East Germans seem to have adapted to the new reality better than Poles. However, if we take into consideration the potential of both nations Poles still stand a chance to build an efficient, and, first of all, their own, modern society. The advantage of having retained their own country, although so often criticized by Poles, may turn out to be fundamental. East Germans could not enjoy this privilege.In the Author’s opinion, if the development of civic society is to be measured in terms of participation in political life and involvement in non-government organizations East Germans seem to have adapted to the new reality better than Poles. However, if we take into consideration the potential of both nations Poles still stand a chance to build an efficient, and, first of all, their own, modern society. The advantage of having retained their own country, although so often criticized by Poles, may turn out to be fundamental. East Germans could not enjoy this privilege
Wolność wypowiedzi a ochrona dóbr osobistych osób pełniących funkcje publiczne
Get PDFAthorough analysis of mutual relations between freedom of speech and the protection of non-material values of individuals who perform public duties draws the author to the conclusion that a person performing public duties can easily become a subject of a more or less justified criticism of the public media; he or she can easily suffer damage to his or her honor or privacy. Each person holding a public post is practically helpless with regard to journalists who are not always willing to bear in mind the noble principles of conduct.Athorough analysis of mutual relations between freedom of speech and the protection of non-material values of individuals who perform public duties draws the author to the conclusion that a person performing public duties can easily become a subject of a more or less justified criticism of the public media; he or she can easily suffer damage to his or her honor or privacy. Each person holding a public post is practically helpless with regard to journalists who are not always willing to bear in mind the noble principles of conduct
Definiowanie demokracji w doktrynie Kościoła katolickiego
Get PDFThroughout the history of the Church a profound change in the assessment of democracy has taken place, from utter condemnation to apparent recognition. The Vatican only supports democracy which is based on Christian values. The institution of the Church is to be the authority to establish these values. Following John XXIII, the Vatican Council repeated that public authority could not act against the order settled by God. Thus the power of state authorities in this respect has been subjected to the directives of the Catholic Church. One can assume then that the political system proposed by the Church is a particular modification of feudalism. It should be ascertained that freedom – meaning the freedom of choice – expressed by individual participation in government and, consequently, in the enacted law, remains absent from the doctrine of the Catholic Church.Throughout the history of the Church a profound change in the assessment of democracy has taken place, from utter condemnation to apparent recognition. The Vatican only supports democracy which is based on Christian values. The institution of the Church is to be the authority to establish these values. Following John XXIII, the Vatican Council repeated that public authority could not act against the order settled by God. Thus the power of state authorities in this respect has been subjected to the directives of the Catholic Church. One can assume then that the political system proposed by the Church is a particular modification of feudalism. It should be ascertained that freedom – meaning the freedom of choice – expressed by individual participation in government and, consequently, in the enacted law, remains absent from the doctrine of the Catholic Church
Fallokracja czy waginocentryzm? Głos feministek we współczesnej debacie o płci, języku i kulturze
Get PDFSince the very beginning, feminism has been surrounded by numerous legends, myths and not-quite-credible stories that generally stem from the miscomprehension of its ideas. It still continues to be presented in a caricatured and stereotypical manner. The media have a considerable share in creating such attitudes to feminism, as they construct the majority of their accounts of the feminist movement around the „interrelated activities of an antagonist and protagonist”. The search for the common nature of feminine experience faces numerous obstacles. These involve political and social ones (differences of race, class, religion, sexual orientation, etc.); the identity of the subject- woman has not been agreed; the attempts to establish feminine language fail. It is increasingly questioned whether this manner of presenting feminism in the media is not becoming a new form of exclusion – a new form of Differentness.Since the very beginning, feminism has been surrounded by numerous legends, myths and not-quite-credible stories that generally stem from the miscomprehension of its ideas. It still continues to be presented in a caricatured and stereotypical manner. The media have a considerable share in creating such attitudes to feminism, as they construct the majority of their accounts of the feminist movement around the „interrelated activities of an antagonist and protagonist”. The search for the common nature of feminine experience faces numerous obstacles. These involve political and social ones (differences of race, class, religion, sexual orientation, etc.); the identity of the subject- woman has not been agreed; the attempts to establish feminine language fail. It is increasingly questioned whether this manner of presenting feminism in the media is not becoming a new form of exclusion – a new form of Differentness
Małgorzata Bogunia-Borowska, Reklama jako tworzenie rzeczywistości społecznej, Kraków 2004, ss. 161.
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Radiowa manipulacja słuchaczem za pomocą materiału muzycznego
No full textThe analysis of the material broadcast by radio stations leads the Author to conclude that at present radio aspires to become one of the main providers of entertainment. The advertising slogans, statements of radio anchorpersons, news, songs or jingles make radio broadcasts something like a musical. This musical content remarkably contributes to the atmosphere of lightheartedness and optimism. Music is fragmented to the same degree as the news or announcements, and the listener is usually forced to listen to only a fragment of a speech or song. The recordings are not run to the very last sounds as when one approaches its ending the beginning of another one overlaps it immediately. Mixes of different songs are also played, including several bars of each, which is reminiscent of a video-clip for the ears.The analysis of the material broadcast by radio stations leads the Author to conclude that at present radio aspires to become one of the main providers of entertainment. The advertising slogans, statements of radio anchorpersons, news, songs or jingles make radio broadcasts something like a musical. This musical content remarkably contributes to the atmosphere of lightheartedness and optimism. Music is fragmented to the same degree as the news or announcements, and the listener is usually forced to listen to only a fragment of a speech or song. The recordings are not run to the very last sounds as when one approaches its ending the beginning of another one overlaps it immediately. Mixes of different songs are also played, including several bars of each, which is reminiscent of a video-clip for the ears
Dlaczego Francuzi odrzucili Europejski Traktat Konstytucyjny?
Get PDFThe Author presents the main elements of the Euroconstitution that have caused the greatest protest of French society and resulted in its rejection in the referendum of May 2005. These include: the ultra-liberal economic system of the EU, poor protection of human rights and the rights of employees, poor security of democratic functioning of the EU structures, subjecting of the EU defense policy to NATO, failure to provide for a secular character of states and insufficient guarantees of women’s rights. The second part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of the activity of French civic society in the constitutional campaign and to the Author’s participation in this campaignThe Author presents the main elements of the Euroconstitution that have caused the greatest protest of French society and resulted in its rejection in the referendum of May 2005. These include: the ultra-liberal economic system of the EU, poor protection of human rights and the rights of employees, poor security of democratic functioning of the EU structures, subjecting of the EU defense policy to NATO, failure to provide for a secular character of states and insufficient guarantees of women’s rights. The second part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of the activity of French civic society in the constitutional campaign and to the Author’s participation in this campaig
Antecedencje konfliktu arabsko-izraelskiego
Get PDFThe Author was prompted to ponder the origins of the Arab – Israeli conflict by the over-fifty-year-long danger posed to international safety by the instability in the Middle East. It has inspired an analysis of the historical, political, legal and international conditions that led to the reconstruction of the territorial status quo and the foundation of the Israeli State in 1948.The Author was prompted to ponder the origins of the Arab – Israeli conflict by the over-fifty-year-long danger posed to international safety by the instability in the Middle East. It has inspired an analysis of the historical, political, legal and international conditions that led to the reconstruction of the territorial status quo and the foundation of the Israeli State in 1948