Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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Cele i zasady funkcjonowania Wspólnoty Niepodległych Państw
Get PDFThe agreement on the foundation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and other documents signed by the members states to determine the scope of collaboration, their common objectives and principles, were an exclusive legal foundation of CIS until the CIS Statute was signed. The Statute does not determine the range of CIS’s competence and it only stipulates the scope of joint operations of member states. CIS institutions, composed of high ranking officials from member states, only have coordinating competence. However, they are a forum for making common decisions concerning CIS functioning. CIS coordinating organs do not have the authority over member states either, and they can only make recommendations. The Commonwealth of Independent States is relatively young in comparison to other international structures. It is extremely difficult and usually time-consuming to create any form of integration, especially in the realm of politics. It is particularly complicated with respect to CIS as a coherent attitude of all, highly diversified, members is required to work out permanent principles of functioning.The agreement on the foundation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and other documents signed by the members states to determine the scope of collaboration, their common objectives and principles, were an exclusive legal foundation of CIS until the CIS Statute was signed. The Statute does not determine the range of CIS’s competence and it only stipulates the scope of joint operations of member states. CIS institutions, composed of high ranking officials from member states, only have coordinating competence. However, they are a forum for making common decisions concerning CIS functioning. CIS coordinating organs do not have the authority over member states either, and they can only make recommendations. The Commonwealth of Independent States is relatively young in comparison to other international structures. It is extremely difficult and usually time-consuming to create any form of integration, especially in the realm of politics. It is particularly complicated with respect to CIS as a coherent attitude of all, highly diversified, members is required to work out permanent principles of functioning
Etyczne doktryny Kościoła i ich sprzeniewierzenie w mediach
Get PDFEvery man has to make moral (ethical) decisions, whether they are quite insignificant or are those discussed on the front pages of newspapers and on TV screens. One may refer to Plato here, who said millennia ago that instead of admiring wise philosophers people concentrate their attention on silver-tongued politicians and the promises they make. Ethics and morality can be treated as inextricable. Whereas morality concerns the realm of decisions and acts, however, ethics concerns our considerations of these acts. Truth is the most significant element related to the ethical and moral consideration of the media and the Church. In August 1993 Pope John Paul II published an encyclical letter Veritatis Splendor (The Splendor of Truth), where he presented ethical matters concerning truth. In the world of the media it is not always obvious what is meant by somebody speaking about truth. Arealistic expression of truth is provided by what is in agreement with the status quo that is independent from this truth. In this approach there is only one truth and it is decided by factual truth or falsity. This is the point of view the Church recognizes.Every man has to make moral (ethical) decisions, whether they are quite insignificant or are those discussed on the front pages of newspapers and on TV screens. One may refer to Plato here, who said millennia ago that instead of admiring wise philosophers people concentrate their attention on silver-tongued politicians and the promises they make. Ethics and morality can be treated as inextricable. Whereas morality concerns the realm of decisions and acts, however, ethics concerns our considerations of these acts. Truth is the most significant element related to the ethical and moral consideration of the media and the Church. In August 1993 Pope John Paul II published an encyclical letter Veritatis Splendor (The Splendor of Truth), where he presented ethical matters concerning truth. In the world of the media it is not always obvious what is meant by somebody speaking about truth. Arealistic expression of truth is provided by what is in agreement with the status quo that is independent from this truth. In this approach there is only one truth and it is decided by factual truth or falsity. This is the point of view the Church recognizes
Rytualne aspekty kampanii wyborczych
Get PDFRituals reflect individual needs on the one hand and enable a social or political balance to be maintained on the other. The theories of ritual developed by the first half of the 20th century searched for the meaning and function of ritual beyond its domain. Ritual was considered as the fulfillment or expression of religious beliefs that had preceded it. It was considered to be somewhat secondary and derivative, and its explanation should be sought beyond ritual. At present ritual is considered to be a sui genesis phenomenon, which requires an autonomous theoretical explanation and its own methodological approach. The most specific elements of democratic political life are election campaigns which stand for ‘the whole complex of activities and actions of political parties and candidates who compete in the elections as they endeavor to win voters’. As I attempt to demonstrate the presence of ritual inside campaign I treat some events occurring in the framework of elections as separate and autonomous rituals and I emphasize the ritual (symbolic, expressive and communicative) nature or aspect of activities and actions undertaken (ritualization).Rituals reflect individual needs on the one hand and enable a social or political balance to be maintained on the other. The theories of ritual developed by the first half of the 20th century searched for the meaning and function of ritual beyond its domain. Ritual was considered as the fulfillment or expression of religious beliefs that had preceded it. It was considered to be somewhat secondary and derivative, and its explanation should be sought beyond ritual. At present ritual is considered to be a sui genesis phenomenon, which requires an autonomous theoretical explanation and its own methodological approach. The most specific elements of democratic political life are election campaigns which stand for ‘the whole complex of activities and actions of political parties and candidates who compete in the elections as they endeavor to win voters’. As I attempt to demonstrate the presence of ritual inside campaign I treat some events occurring in the framework of elections as separate and autonomous rituals and I emphasize the ritual (symbolic, expressive and communicative) nature or aspect of activities and actions undertaken (ritualization)
Europejski Fundusz Społeczny jako instrument aktywizacji zawodowej osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce w latach 2004-2006
Get PDFThe European Social Fund is one of the instruments used to prevent the unemployment of people with disabilities in Poland. The Author of the paper assesses the degree to which in 2004–2006 Poland made use of the ESF financial resources under ‘Measure 1.4’ of the Sectoral Operational Programme for Human Resources Development. It is EFS funds and other EU resources that may, at least partially, prevent numerous problems. This may be achieved by the organization of vocational training and psychology workshops for people with disabilities and for those who collaborate with them.The European Social Fund is one of the instruments used to prevent the unemployment of people with disabilities in Poland. The Author of the paper assesses the degree to which in 2004–2006 Poland made use of the ESF financial resources under ‘Measure 1.4’ of the Sectoral Operational Programme for Human Resources Development. It is EFS funds and other EU resources that may, at least partially, prevent numerous problems. This may be achieved by the organization of vocational training and psychology workshops for people with disabilities and for those who collaborate with them
„Ona nie była jedną z nas”. Wokół „feminizmu” Hannah Arendt
No full textFeminists have a problem as they create themselves that which they fight against. On the one hand they demand that they are perceived through the perspective of femininity and they want to emphasize this femininity. On the other hand, though, they fight against a stereotypical feminine image. Arendt is different – she does not distinguish women because of their gender. In this sense Arendt is neither a feminist nor an ant-feminist. She does not touch upon the issue of gender at all. She does not claim that a woman lives at home whereas a man lives in the world, in the public space. Yet she does claim that the space of the household is the realm of necessity while the public space – that of freedom. In Arendt’s opinion in the public space are operating people rather than men or women. Mary Dietz is therefore right in saying that gender loses significance at the operational level. This concerns both genders. In Arendt’s theory there exists a single category – that of a citizen. Acitizen has no gender at all. He or she can be a man or woman at home, and not in public. Therefore Arendt cannot be said to be a feminist or an anti-feminist. She falls beyond these categories as what counts for her is participation in politics, not gender.Feminists have a problem as they create themselves that which they fight against. On the one hand they demand that they are perceived through the perspective of femininity and they want to emphasize this femininity. On the other hand, though, they fight against a stereotypical feminine image. Arendt is different – she does not distinguish women because of their gender. In this sense Arendt is neither a feminist nor an ant-feminist. She does not touch upon the issue of gender at all. She does not claim that a woman lives at home whereas a man lives in the world, in the public space. Yet she does claim that the space of the household is the realm of necessity while the public space – that of freedom. In Arendt’s opinion in the public space are operating people rather than men or women. Mary Dietz is therefore right in saying that gender loses significance at the operational level. This concerns both genders. In Arendt’s theory there exists a single category – that of a citizen. Acitizen has no gender at all. He or she can be a man or woman at home, and not in public. Therefore Arendt cannot be said to be a feminist or an anti-feminist. She falls beyond these categories as what counts for her is participation in politics, not gender
Наследие M. П. Драгоманова: централизм, самоуправление и региональная идентичность славянства
No full textDragomanow, Russian, Ukrainian and European thinker, applied his abstract ideas to the practical issue of nationality in the 19th century. In his research into the problems of ethnic and regional identity he created a kind of political philosophy of social and national integration that corresponded with the main trends of the 19th century. The essence of this philosophy is the idea of a ‘bunch’ – social self-government which was to become the principle of the whole organizational structure of society. In the 20th century, in the era of strict centralization this idea could be neither applied nor even recognized. Dragomanow was among the first to formulate the problem of European regional identity. At present, when the continent of Europe is divided into three regions: the consolidatingWestern Europe, the disintegrating East Europe (the former USSR countries), and Central Europe emerging as a region, the above-mentioned ideas assume new meaning. Dragomanow’s model that combines the ethnic, cultural, political and economic element in individual countries and regions with the analysis of optimum combinations of self-government and centralization deserves close attention
