Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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Uwarunkowania i perspektywy dyskusji na temat narodu Śląskiego
Get PDFThe wave of transformations commenced by the ‘round table’ led the issue of the Silesian nation to be discussed by sociologists, political scientists, ethnologists, and – what is more significant – politicians. This issue was far from surprising for the researchers into the problems of Silesia as the native population of (both Upper and Lower) Silesia have clearly distanced themselves from a unanimous declaration of nationality, whether Polish or German, since the early 1980s. It was a semi-solution, adopted particularly by the Silesian living in Poland, to point to their Silesian nationality, as an alternative to being defined as a native Polish population.The wave of transformations commenced by the ‘round table’ led the issue of the Silesian nation to be discussed by sociologists, political scientists, ethnologists, and – what is more significant – politicians. This issue was far from surprising for the researchers into the problems of Silesia as the native population of (both Upper and Lower) Silesia have clearly distanced themselves from a unanimous declaration of nationality, whether Polish or German, since the early 1980s. It was a semi-solution, adopted particularly by the Silesian living in Poland, to point to their Silesian nationality, as an alternative to being defined as a native Polish population
Demokracja a państwo prawa
Get PDFThe paper aims to demonstrate the meaning of the notions of democracy and a state of law in relation to the Constitution as the fundamental law. All these issues are related to the contemporary social and political situation of Poland and the European Union. It is observed that in the state of law, civic fredoms and rights are helpful in separating the public from the private. Democracy is the rule of the people who need to be headed by a direct ruler. The notions of the ‘state of law’ and ‘democracy’become mutually related to the Constution, referred to as the fundamental law. The paper shows the contemporary status of democracy, compared to the state of law, and it provokes the question whether we should lay our own foundations of democracy which wouldspond to our social and political reality.The paper aims to demonstrate the meaning of the notions of democracy and a state of law in relation to the Constitution as the fundamental law. All these issues are related to the contemporary social and political situation of Poland and the European Union. It is observed that in the state of law, civic fredoms and rights are helpful in separating the public from the private. Democracy is the rule of the people who need to be headed by a direct ruler. The notions of the ‘state of law’ and ‘democracy’become mutually related to the Constution, referred to as the fundamental law. The paper shows the contemporary status of democracy, compared to the state of law, and it provokes the question whether we should lay our own foundations of democracy which wouldspond to our social and political reality
Kryzys liberalnej demokracji w Polsce na tle innych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
Get PDFThe issue of the condition of Polish democracy and Polish (democratic) society has certainly been among the most significant subjects of analyses of political science and sociology over recent years. Such considerations have emerged both in academic studies and journalistic publications. It is unfortunate that a majority of the authors refer to the general and imprecise notion of ‘democracy’, and they intentionally or unintentionally ignore the need for its clarification. This clarification involves the addition of the adjective ‘liberal’, which may appear trivial, yet it carries a profound and highly important meaning. The contemporary model of democracy, frequently referred to as ‘Western democracy’, concerns liberal democracy in contrast to the Antique, socialist, controlled democracy (the term applied to the political system of Russia, among others), or the authentic democracy mentioned in numerous texts that discuss the standpoint of the Catholic Church. The greatest actual threat to the liberal-and-democratic political system in general, and particularly in Poland, does not appear to be posed by ‘classical’ authoritarianism, but rather by the non-liberal version of democracy. Jacek Żakowski emphasizes that the latter is in principle different to ‘the system Poland built after 1989 and what the democratic West used to term as democracy for the previous fifty years’.The issue of the condition of Polish democracy and Polish (democratic) society has certainly been among the most significant subjects of analyses of political science and sociology over recent years. Such considerations have emerged both in academic studies and journalistic publications. It is unfortunate that a majority of the authors refer to the general and imprecise notion of ‘democracy’, and they intentionally or unintentionally ignore the need for its clarification. This clarification involves the addition of the adjective ‘liberal’, which may appear trivial, yet it carries a profound and highly important meaning. The contemporary model of democracy, frequently referred to as ‘Western democracy’, concerns liberal democracy in contrast to the Antique, socialist, controlled democracy (the term applied to the political system of Russia, among others), or the authentic democracy mentioned in numerous texts that discuss the standpoint of the Catholic Church. The greatest actual threat to the liberal-and-democratic political system in general, and particularly in Poland, does not appear to be posed by ‘classical’ authoritarianism, but rather by the non-liberal version of democracy. Jacek Żakowski emphasizes that the latter is in principle different to ‘the system Poland built after 1989 and what the democratic West used to term as democracy for the previous fifty years’
Czwarta władza – media a ład prawny demokratycznego społeczeństwa
No full textIt is far from controversial to state that the media the ‘fourth power’ in the reality of a contemporary democratic state. The media play key role in the implementation of the legal order ensuring every subject an inalienable right to obtain and spread information. The current position of the media is a result of more than just being an intermediary in the social circulation of the news which is relevant for the members of a given community. Ass media able to create a new political, legal or business establishment. On behalf of the society itso exerts prssure on state authorities in order to enforce desirable legal and political decisions (e.g. the amendments of law). This leads to the following statement: “Liberal doctrine attaches such a great importance to the role of the media as the watchdog of democracy that it assigns it w the status of the fourth power in the state”.It is far from controversial to state that the media the ‘fourth power’ in the reality of a contemporary democratic state. The media play key role in the implementation of the legal order ensuring every subject an inalienable right to obtain and spread information. The current position of the media is a result of more than just being an intermediary in the social circulation of the news which is relevant for the members of a given community. Ass media able to create a new political, legal or business establishment. On behalf of the society itso exerts prssure on state authorities in order to enforce desirable legal and political decisions (e.g. the amendments of law). This leads to the following statement: “Liberal doctrine attaches such a great importance to the role of the media as the watchdog of democracy that it assigns it w the status of the fourth power in the state”
Dostęp do informacji publicznej – zagadka i parawan
No full textArticle 3a, introduced to press law, is of immense importance, which is underestimated in practice. In respect of the press access to public information, it makes a journalist’s rights equal with the rights of any subject who can apply for public information. The legislator, who amended the press law, failed to define the notion of‘public information’ referred to in the above-mentioned regulation. Article 3a, introduced to press law, is of immense importance, which is underestimated in practice. In respect of the press access to public information, it makes a journalist’s rights equal with the rights of any subject who can apply for public information. The legislator, who amended the press law, failed to define the notion of‘public information’ referred to in the above-mentioned regulation.
Unia Europejska na łamach drukowanej prasy lokalnej
Get PDFThe first publications concerning the European Union appeared in the local press in the early 1990s. These messages were concealed, i.e. they did not provide direct information about the functioning of the EU. The political campaign to saturate local press with EU news commenced when Polish cities and towns commonly began to declare collaboration with the cities and towns in EU member states (‘partner cities’ or ‘twin towns’). Direct announcements concerning the EU appeared in the late 1990s. The significance of this information was growing (that is a quantitative and qualitative increase of such releases in the press) as the negotiations on Poland’s accession to the EU progressed.The first publications concerning the European Union appeared in the local press in the early 1990s. These messages were concealed, i.e. they did not provide direct information about the functioning of the EU. The political campaign to saturate local press with EU news commenced when Polish cities and towns commonly began to declare collaboration with the cities and towns in EU member states (‘partner cities’ or ‘twin towns’). Direct announcements concerning the EU appeared in the late 1990s. The significance of this information was growing (that is a quantitative and qualitative increase of such releases in the press) as the negotiations on Poland’s accession to the EU progressed
„Narrowcasting” w miejscach użytecznooeci publicznej
No full textThe present forms of communication, whether via picture or sound, assume various forms. Every new form of such communication poses a new challenge, not only for technicians and computer scientists, who analyze issues regarding the direct servicing of such messages on a continuous basis, but also for lawyers. Narrowcasting is among the new forms of transmitting audiovisual messages. This phenomenon was mentioned in the doctrine of J. Barta and R. Markiewicz. T. Goban-Klas and P. Sienkiewicz were right when they observed that the new ways of delivering information take the form of a so-called narrowcasting, i.e. communication which is only targeted at selected recipients and involves segmentation of the audience. The authors stressed the difference which occurs between a speech delivered to numerous listeners and impersonal mass communication (the difference is erased by applying the single notion of allocution). The new medium has provided an opportunity to overcome the quasi-monopoly of the mass media in the field of indirect social communication. On the other hand, the higher level of addressability of the new media (i.e. narrowcasting as opposed to broadcasting, or collectiveness as opposed to dispersion) poses new dilemmas for the communicators.The present forms of communication, whether via picture or sound, assume various forms. Every new form of such communication poses a new challenge, not only for technicians and computer scientists, who analyze issues regarding the direct servicing of such messages on a continuous basis, but also for lawyers. Narrowcasting is among the new forms of transmitting audiovisual messages. This phenomenon was mentioned in the doctrine of J. Barta and R. Markiewicz. T. Goban-Klas and P. Sienkiewicz were right when they observed that the new ways of delivering information take the form of a so-called narrowcasting, i.e. communication which is only targeted at selected recipients and involves segmentation of the audience. The authors stressed the difference which occurs between a speech delivered to numerous listeners and impersonal mass communication (the difference is erased by applying the single notion of allocution). The new medium has provided an opportunity to overcome the quasi-monopoly of the mass media in the field of indirect social communication. On the other hand, the higher level of addressability of the new media (i.e. narrowcasting as opposed to broadcasting, or collectiveness as opposed to dispersion) poses new dilemmas for the communicators
Przeszczep mózgu – dylematy prawne, społeczne i deontologiczne
Get PDFThe objective of the paper concerns the legal, social and ethical consequences of the technological progress in medicine which we are (or soon will be) witnessing, even if at present they appear to be quite futuristic. In order to demonstrate the essence of the problem the author focuses on a single aspect of this medical and technical ‘revolution’, i.e. the possibility of brain transplantation that will soon be feasible. It should be mentioned right at the beginning that other aspects of medical progress, such as assisted procreation, cloning, genetic engineering and the application of some psychotropic drugs are just as controversial from the deontological or legal point of view. It needs to be admitted that apart from affecting individual lives, medical revolution may also have political results, involving for example the possibility of the intentional change of human nature.The objective of the paper concerns the legal, social and ethical consequences of the technological progress in medicine which we are (or soon will be) witnessing, even if at present they appear to be quite futuristic. In order to demonstrate the essence of the problem the author focuses on a single aspect of this medical and technical ‘revolution’, i.e. the possibility of brain transplantation that will soon be feasible. It should be mentioned right at the beginning that other aspects of medical progress, such as assisted procreation, cloning, genetic engineering and the application of some psychotropic drugs are just as controversial from the deontological or legal point of view. It needs to be admitted that apart from affecting individual lives, medical revolution may also have political results, involving for example the possibility of the intentional change of human nature
