Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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Stability and Change in the Heart of Europe: German Media Perspectives of the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
Get PDFArtykuł analizuje treść publikacji prasowych na temat amerykańskich wyborów prezydenckich w 2008 r. jakie ukazały się w niemieckiej prasie. Artykuł posługuje się „pakietowym” (package) podejściem do kontekstu, obejmującego elementy składające się na kontekst bądź struktury kulturowe. Przedstawiono wyniki i płynące z nich wnioski dotyczące roli teorii framingu (kontekstu) w skali międzynarodowej.Artykuł analizuje treść publikacji prasowych na temat amerykańskich wyborów prezydenckich w 2008 r. jakie ukazały się w niemieckiej prasie. Artykuł posługuje się „pakietowym” (package) podejściem do kontekstu, obejmującego elementy składające się na kontekst bądź struktury kulturowe. Przedstawiono wyniki i płynące z nich wnioski dotyczące roli teorii framingu (kontekstu) w skali międzynarodowej
„Stworzenie człowieka” i typy komunikowania. Studium hermeneutyczne
Get PDFThe author of the paper highlights that McQuail’s typology of communication, which is most commonly applied in Polish science, and quoted as a whole by Tomasz Goban-Klas, among others, refers to levels of communication discerned by means of a quantitative criterion. In the author’s opinion, however, a type cannot be solely by quantitative differences. Therefore, he suggests that two types of communicative relations be directly referred to: obedience and covenant, which can in his opinion, alread btered in the Old Testament. He identifies two fundamental types of communication on this basis: an advanced type, where the sender is simultaneously a recipient, and the recipient is a sender; and a reduced type where the sender is only a sender, and the recipient only a recipient, which is a result of a significant disproportion of power between the parties.The author of the paper highlights that McQuail’s typology of communication, which is most commonly applied in Polish science, and quoted as a whole by Tomasz Goban-Klas, among others, refers to levels of communication discerned by means of a quantitative criterion. In the author’s opinion, however, a type cannot be solely by quantitative differences. Therefore, he suggests that two types of communicative relations be directly referred to: obedience and covenant, which can in his opinion, alread btered in the Old Testament. He identifies two fundamental types of communication on this basis: an advanced type, where the sender is simultaneously a recipient, and the recipient is a sender; and a reduced type where the sender is only a sender, and the recipient only a recipient, which is a result of a significant disproportion of power between the parties
Postać literacka i jej prawa
Get PDFThe author ponders over a literary character, its position, form and significance in copyright law. He starts by defining a literary character. Next, he proceeds to a description of the criteria for a literary character ending his considerations on the issue of the self-containedness and identity of a literary character, as well as the issue of works inspired by others.The author ponders over a literary character, its position, form and significance in copyright law. He starts by defining a literary character. Next, he proceeds to a description of the criteria for a literary character ending his considerations on the issue of the self-containedness and identity of a literary character, as well as the issue of works inspired by others
System medialny Irlandii
Get PDFThere are few countries where the relation between the shaping of democratic society and the development of the media is as perceptible as in Ireland. From the point of view of this paper, the breakthrough came when the media were granted statutory guarantes of freedom of expression and freedom of the media provided by the currently binding Constitution of 1937. Irish media law is going through a period of significant changes that have long been postponed. Some of these changes have only just taken place and it is too early to assess their impact, as is the case with the Defamation Act passed in 2009. There are still others issues waiting to be solved. There are simultaneous and significant processes, such as the digitalization of European television and considerable transformations in Irish society, which stimulate the discussion of changes. A comprhensive assessment of the system should probably be postponed till the end of the reforms, which are stifar from completion.There are few countries where the relation between the shaping of democratic society and the development of the media is as perceptible as in Ireland. From the point of view of this paper, the breakthrough came when the media were granted statutory guarantes of freedom of expression and freedom of the media provided by the currently binding Constitution of 1937. Irish media law is going through a period of significant changes that have long been postponed. Some of these changes have only just taken place and it is too early to assess their impact, as is the case with the Defamation Act passed in 2009. There are still others issues waiting to be solved. There are simultaneous and significant processes, such as the digitalization of European television and considerable transformations in Irish society, which stimulate the discussion of changes. A comprhensive assessment of the system should probably be postponed till the end of the reforms, which are stifar from completion
Dziennikarz versus specjalista ds. public relations – toksyczny związek czy małżeństwo z rozsądku?
No full textIt is impossible to sum up the character of mutual relations between journalists and PR specialists, who frequently act as spokesmen, in a single statement. These relations are multidimensional and have both positive and negative aspects. Both parties voice their opinions on each other, some justified, other grossly exaggerated. Both parties commit sins, but they also have a very important role to play. Journalists should serve society, and on behalf of this society they should exercise control over public authorities. Journalists are mainly supposed to provide their recipients with reliable and true information. PR specialists are also supposed to provide information, yet that concern th business. Public opinion and its role in the liberal-democratic political system are of crucial significance this relation. Both parties want to mold public opinion, to win its interest, they both function thanks to it and depend on it. They are also indispensably related, as evidenced by both the theory and practice of ther relations, which also necessitates that care is taken their appropriate quality.It is impossible to sum up the character of mutual relations between journalists and PR specialists, who frequently act as spokesmen, in a single statement. These relations are multidimensional and have both positive and negative aspects. Both parties voice their opinions on each other, some justified, other grossly exaggerated. Both parties commit sins, but they also have a very important role to play. Journalists should serve society, and on behalf of this society they should exercise control over public authorities. Journalists are mainly supposed to provide their recipients with reliable and true information. PR specialists are also supposed to provide information, yet that concern th business. Public opinion and its role in the liberal-democratic political system are of crucial significance this relation. Both parties want to mold public opinion, to win its interest, they both function thanks to it and depend on it. They are also indispensably related, as evidenced by both the theory and practice of ther relations, which also necessitates that care is taken their appropriate quality
Europeizacja nadzoru bankowego w Polsce
Get PDFBanking supervision is a form of state interventionism applied by this state to express its intention to exercise control over the safety and appropriate functioning of banking system. Membership of the EU has created a new situation in the operation of banking supervision. After the process of harmonization of Polish supervisory solutions was successfully completed, the supervision started to operate under the new circumstances, regulated by the principles of the uniform European financial market. As of January 1, 2008, banking supervision has been vested with the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF). The experience of financial crisis has revealed significant deficiencies in financial supervision, mainly banking supervision. Therefore, the European Commission has decided to accelerate the pace with which financial supervision in the European Union is implemented.Banking supervision is a form of state interventionism applied by this state to express its intention to exercise control over the safety and appropriate functioning of banking system. Membership of the EU has created a new situation in the operation of banking supervision. After the process of harmonization of Polish supervisory solutions was successfully completed, the supervision started to operate under the new circumstances, regulated by the principles of the uniform European financial market. As of January 1, 2008, banking supervision has been vested with the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF). The experience of financial crisis has revealed significant deficiencies in financial supervision, mainly banking supervision. Therefore, the European Commission has decided to accelerate the pace with which financial supervision in the European Union is implemented
Kościół wobec pamięci zbiorowej polskiego społeczeństwa. O niektórych strategiach i celach „kościelnej polityki pamięci”.
No full textThe author observes that the objectives of the Church’s remembrance policy also have a more earthly dimension. This concerns the defense of the Church’s position in public life and preventing attempts to marginalize the Church. By means of conducting its own remembrance policy the Church intends to augment the monumental aspect of collective Polish memory seeing it as an opportunity to maintain the most extensive range of influence.The author observes that the objectives of the Church’s remembrance policy also have a more earthly dimension. This concerns the defense of the Church’s position in public life and preventing attempts to marginalize the Church. By means of conducting its own remembrance policy the Church intends to augment the monumental aspect of collective Polish memory seeing it as an opportunity to maintain the most extensive range of influence
Język polityka, polityka w języku/Polityka na językach. Rozważania na temat werbalnych form kontaktu z wyborcami polskich działaczy politycznych (analiza internetowych wydań środków społecznego przekazu u schyłku pierwszego dziesięciolecia XXI w.)
No full textAppropriately selected and uttered words are a significant point of concern for the creators of a politician’s image, primarily the image of actors on the political stage. Theoretically, a politician is obligated to use simple, clear, cohesive, logical – and first and foremost – correct language. Aword uttered by a politician should stimulate activity and not be content with itself. Polish reality, however, is characterized by the aggressive language of parliamentary debates or unsophisticated, or plainly offensive, expressions directed at the political opposition.Appropriately selected and uttered words are a significant point of concern for the creators of a politician’s image, primarily the image of actors on the political stage. Theoretically, a politician is obligated to use simple, clear, cohesive, logical – and first and foremost – correct language. Aword uttered by a politician should stimulate activity and not be content with itself. Polish reality, however, is characterized by the aggressive language of parliamentary debates or unsophisticated, or plainly offensive, expressions directed at the political opposition
Wpływ mediów na kształtowanie postaw politycznych młodzieży (wyniki badań)
No full textThe shaping of social and political attitudes is one of the key tasks to be fulfilled by the media. Such attitudes influence our behavior, emotional reactions and the perception of our surrounding reality. The survey was inspired by the question of whether the media influence the political attitudes of the youth and, if so, to what extent? The survey was designed to cover high school students in the final year. The survey did not concern a specialized high school with 25 students in the final year. It was conducted in October 2008. The method applied to the Opalenica High School students’ study involved surveying by means of a questionnaire with a set of replies provided. The respondents proved to have a knowledge of political issues. The question arises, where does this knowledge come from? One can venture to answer that, whether directly or indirectly, this knowledge is mainly derived from the media.The shaping of social and political attitudes is one of the key tasks to be fulfilled by the media. Such attitudes influence our behavior, emotional reactions and the perception of our surrounding reality. The survey was inspired by the question of whether the media influence the political attitudes of the youth and, if so, to what extent? The survey was designed to cover high school students in the final year. The survey did not concern a specialized high school with 25 students in the final year. It was conducted in October 2008. The method applied to the Opalenica High School students’ study involved surveying by means of a questionnaire with a set of replies provided. The respondents proved to have a knowledge of political issues. The question arises, where does this knowledge come from? One can venture to answer that, whether directly or indirectly, this knowledge is mainly derived from the media
Prawa i obowiązki stron umowy licencyjnej dotyczącej wzorów przemysłowych w świetle regulacji krajowych i Unii Europejskiej
Get PDFThe paper analyzes the rights and responsibilities of the parties of license agreements concerning industrial providd for in Polish and EU regulations. In particular, it attempts to answer the question whether the licensee’s commissioning of manufacturing activities may infringe on the license conditions. It is proposed here that such licensee conduct is covered by the extent of the license provided that the licensee is in charge of organizing the manufacturing process and solely decides about the principles, conditions and the scale of production; he retains the ownership right to the product manufactured; the product is introduced under the licensee’s own brand; the licensee actually decides about the principles under which the product is launched on the market, including the complete, independent and unlimited freedom of deciding about the commercial conditions concerning the price, markup and term of payment; and the licensee bears full responsibility for the quality of the commodity entered into the market whereas the role of the contractor is limited to the performance of technical activities related to the manufacturing of the product protected by the indial.The paper analyzes the rights and responsibilities of the parties of license agreements concerning industrial providd for in Polish and EU regulations. In particular, it attempts to answer the question whether the licensee’s commissioning of manufacturing activities may infringe on the license conditions. It is proposed here that such licensee conduct is covered by the extent of the license provided that the licensee is in charge of organizing the manufacturing process and solely decides about the principles, conditions and the scale of production; he retains the ownership right to the product manufactured; the product is introduced under the licensee’s own brand; the licensee actually decides about the principles under which the product is launched on the market, including the complete, independent and unlimited freedom of deciding about the commercial conditions concerning the price, markup and term of payment; and the licensee bears full responsibility for the quality of the commodity entered into the market whereas the role of the contractor is limited to the performance of technical activities related to the manufacturing of the product protected by the indial