Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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Cooperation Between the European Union and International Organisations in the Field of Commercial Policy
Get PDFAutor artykułu analizuje pewne problemy dotyczące współpracy Wspólnoty Europejskiej z instytucjami międzynarodowymi. Autor koncentruje się na współpracy z ustalonymi strukturami instytucjonalnymi. Jako, że rzadko posiadają one międzynarodową osobowość prawną, współpraca tylko wyjątkowo obejmuje członkostwo w organizacji międzynarodowej. Najpierw autor analizuje trudności, wobec jakich staje Wspólnota Europejska w procesie dostosowania procedur akcesyjnych do zewnętrznych struktur instytucjonalnych. Wdrugiej części opracowania autor podkreśla konsekwencje braku członkostwa Wspólnoty Europejskiej w takich strukturach, dotyczące zarówno tych struktur jak i państw członkowskich UE. Omówiono także pewne skutki omawianych reform konstytucyjnych.Autor artykułu analizuje pewne problemy dotyczące współpracy Wspólnoty Europejskiej z instytucjami międzynarodowymi. Autor koncentruje się na współpracy z ustalonymi strukturami instytucjonalnymi. Jako, że rzadko posiadają one międzynarodową osobowość prawną, współpraca tylko wyjątkowo obejmuje członkostwo w organizacji międzynarodowej. Najpierw autor analizuje trudności, wobec jakich staje Wspólnota Europejska w procesie dostosowania procedur akcesyjnych do zewnętrznych struktur instytucjonalnych. Wdrugiej części opracowania autor podkreśla konsekwencje braku członkostwa Wspólnoty Europejskiej w takich strukturach, dotyczące zarówno tych struktur jak i państw członkowskich UE. Omówiono także pewne skutki omawianych reform konstytucyjnych
Procesy migracyjne w kontekście przemian kulturowo-cywilizacyjnych, pod red. Ewy Polak i Joanny Leskiej-Ślęzak, Pelplin 2007
No full textReview: Procesy migracyjne w kontekście przemian kulturowo-cywilizacyjnych, pod red. Ewy Polak i Joanny Leskiej-Ślęzak, Pelplin 2007Recenzja: Procesy migracyjne w kontekście przemian kulturowo-cywilizacyjnych, pod red. Ewy Polak i Joanny Leskiej-Ślęzak, Pelplin 200
Wolność sumienia i wyznania w świetle najnowszych orzeczeń Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka
Get PDFAfter the analysis of judicial decisions the paper refers to a conclusion can be drawn that the problems tackled by the Court mainly concern the issues of manifesting one’s religion via special clothes, and the cases resulting from the insufficiently detailed religious law in some post-communist states. It is striking that legal culture of officials in these states, including the judges, is far from satisfactory. It seems necessary for the legislative power to become acquainted with legal standards of Western Europe. Some obvious prejudices concerning certain religious groups can also be noted.After the analysis of judicial decisions the paper refers to a conclusion can be drawn that the problems tackled by the Court mainly concern the issues of manifesting one’s religion via special clothes, and the cases resulting from the insufficiently detailed religious law in some post-communist states. It is striking that legal culture of officials in these states, including the judges, is far from satisfactory. It seems necessary for the legislative power to become acquainted with legal standards of Western Europe. Some obvious prejudices concerning certain religious groups can also be noted
Ochrona dziedzictwa kultury w systemie prawnym Unii Europejskiej
Get PDFFor a long time the European Community, followed by the European Union, did not pay considerable attention to the protection of European cultural heritage or to the issue of cultural policy, and they left this field, more or less consciously, to the system of the Council of Europe. The matters concerning this field were only stipulated in Art. 151 of the Treaty establishing the European Community. However, this article limits the activity of the European Union in the realm of culture to supplementary and supportive activities. When undertaking such activities, it is necessary to respect national and regional diversity and to bring the common cultural heritage of Europe to the fore. Cultural policy shall remain the domain of the Member States, though. The Union should encourage cooperation between Member States and supplement their activities as stipulated in Art. 151. The realm of culture in Community law is only regulated by so-called soft law. The Community legislative acts in the form of regulations, directives or decisions touch upon this field only when the realm of culture overlaps with the realms regulated by Community laws, such as the transfer of persons, goods, commodities and the protection of competition.For a long time the European Community, followed by the European Union, did not pay considerable attention to the protection of European cultural heritage or to the issue of cultural policy, and they left this field, more or less consciously, to the system of the Council of Europe. The matters concerning this field were only stipulated in Art. 151 of the Treaty establishing the European Community. However, this article limits the activity of the European Union in the realm of culture to supplementary and supportive activities. When undertaking such activities, it is necessary to respect national and regional diversity and to bring the common cultural heritage of Europe to the fore. Cultural policy shall remain the domain of the Member States, though. The Union should encourage cooperation between Member States and supplement their activities as stipulated in Art. 151. The realm of culture in Community law is only regulated by so-called soft law. The Community legislative acts in the form of regulations, directives or decisions touch upon this field only when the realm of culture overlaps with the realms regulated by Community laws, such as the transfer of persons, goods, commodities and the protection of competition
Międzynarodowa ochrona korespondentów wojennych
No full textIn order to improve the protection of correspondents, the journalists themselves have begun to establish organizations and institutions intended to protect the reporters, or to collect and spread information. The most respectable in this respect is the International Federation of Journalists, seated in Brussels, the largest global organization of journalists. It was established in 1926. Reporters are also aided by the organization Reporters Without Borders (RWB or Reporters sans frontières – RSF) founded in 1985. On November 26, 2007 a conference was held in Geneva where the draft of an international convention on the strengthening of journalists’ protection during military conflicts and in other situations was suggested. The draft of this international Convention was subjected to global consultationIn order to improve the protection of correspondents, the journalists themselves have begun to establish organizations and institutions intended to protect the reporters, or to collect and spread information. The most respectable in this respect is the International Federation of Journalists, seated in Brussels, the largest global organization of journalists. It was established in 1926. Reporters are also aided by the organization Reporters Without Borders (RWB or Reporters sans frontières – RSF) founded in 1985. On November 26, 2007 a conference was held in Geneva where the draft of an international convention on the strengthening of journalists’ protection during military conflicts and in other situations was suggested. The draft of this international Convention was subjected to global consultatio
Orientacja seksualna jako prawo człowieka
Get PDFIt should be noted that although legal standards to protect one’s sexual orientation are being developed, the instances of infringement on the rights of sexual minorities continue to occur. On the other hand, the loud, and frequently obscene, demonstrations of some representatives of these minorities, although organized for a good cause, obviously irritate traditional communities of many cities and towns. It seems that it would be much easier for the representatives of such minorities to be accepted if they tended to emphasize economic issues, the way it is done in the European Union. Their claims referring to this sphere seem to be able to win relatively easy support and understanding. In Poland it seems necessary to start a long-term, substantive discussion provided that the outlook on life is left alone and the economic issues are focused upon instead. However, one can assume that a hasty introduction of EU solutions will not necessarily be socially approved.It should be noted that although legal standards to protect one’s sexual orientation are being developed, the instances of infringement on the rights of sexual minorities continue to occur. On the other hand, the loud, and frequently obscene, demonstrations of some representatives of these minorities, although organized for a good cause, obviously irritate traditional communities of many cities and towns. It seems that it would be much easier for the representatives of such minorities to be accepted if they tended to emphasize economic issues, the way it is done in the European Union. Their claims referring to this sphere seem to be able to win relatively easy support and understanding. In Poland it seems necessary to start a long-term, substantive discussion provided that the outlook on life is left alone and the economic issues are focused upon instead. However, one can assume that a hasty introduction of EU solutions will not necessarily be socially approved
Działalność mniejszości polskiej na Grodzieńszczyźnie
No full textThe national identity of Poles living in the Grodno region began to manifest itself in the early 1990s as a continuation of the tendency to promote national movements, encouraged by the Soviet Union. After Belarus became independent, Poles have had more opportunities to develop their national culture, and they have began to actively set up numerous minority organizations, open Polish schools and Polish houses, etc. Poles were the most numerous, yet one of many minorities living in the Grodno region, and they have harmoniously integrated with this highly ethnically diversified society. The conflicts emerging within the Union of Poles of Belarus, which receive so much attention in the Polish media, reflect internal conflicts in one of numerous Polish organizations operating in the Grodno region, and they should not affect the situation of all Poles in Belarus.The national identity of Poles living in the Grodno region began to manifest itself in the early 1990s as a continuation of the tendency to promote national movements, encouraged by the Soviet Union. After Belarus became independent, Poles have had more opportunities to develop their national culture, and they have began to actively set up numerous minority organizations, open Polish schools and Polish houses, etc. Poles were the most numerous, yet one of many minorities living in the Grodno region, and they have harmoniously integrated with this highly ethnically diversified society. The conflicts emerging within the Union of Poles of Belarus, which receive so much attention in the Polish media, reflect internal conflicts in one of numerous Polish organizations operating in the Grodno region, and they should not affect the situation of all Poles in Belarus
Polityka zagraniczna Federacji Rosyjskiej w latach 90-tych. Kontekst historyczno-ideowy
Get PDFThe author highlights that Russia has ceased to be the liberator and the stronghold of the global revolution, the leader of the bloc, the defender of the ‘only right ideology’ and the model of a political system for other states, it was the times of the USSR. This realization Moscow continuously pursue policy to regain its position on the international arena. It is unlikely, however, that Russia will be able to fulfill her ambition by means of territorial expansion: the primary role of the economy inern international relations allows us to assume that Russia will not decide to enter an open confrontation with theWest as she is gradually made increasingly more dependent onWestern financial centers.The author highlights that Russia has ceased to be the liberator and the stronghold of the global revolution, the leader of the bloc, the defender of the ‘only right ideology’ and the model of a political system for other states, it was the times of the USSR. This realization Moscow continuously pursue policy to regain its position on the international arena. It is unlikely, however, that Russia will be able to fulfill her ambition by means of territorial expansion: the primary role of the economy inern international relations allows us to assume that Russia will not decide to enter an open confrontation with theWest as she is gradually made increasingly more dependent onWestern financial centers
Ryszard Kowalczyk, „Media lokalne w Polsce”, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Contact, Poznań 2009, ss. 278
Get PDFThe European Union and Its Neighbours. A legal appraisal of the EU’s Policies of stabilisation, partnership and integration, ed. by Steven Blockmans and Adam Łazowski, The Hague 2006
Get PDFReview: The European Union and Its Neighbours. A legal appraisal of the EU’s Policies of stabilisation, partnership and integration, ed. by Steven Blockmans and Adam Łazowski, The Hague 2006.Recenzja: The European Union and Its Neighbours. A legal appraisal of the EU’s Policies of stabilisation, partnership and integration, ed. by Steven Blockmans and Adam Łazowski, The Hague 2006