Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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Wolność wypowiedzi prasowej a zniewaga
Get PDFThe crime of using insulting language protects human dignity (its external aspect) from such infringements that in terms of culturally determined and commonly accepted standards express contempt for an individual, irrespective of his or her feelings. The offence of using insulting or offensive language, refers to an act of disparagement, or offensive behavior towards somebody. An insult expressed via the mass media results in more serious consequences. The public nature of an act referred to in Art. 216, section 1 of Penal Code means that it was committed in a manner allowing it to be noted by a number of people that cannot be determined in advance. Therefore, a qualified type of insult involves one committed via the mass media. The ratio legis of this construction is rather obvious, as an insult committed via the mass media has a larger range, and a larger impact area.The crime of using insulting language protects human dignity (its external aspect) from such infringements that in terms of culturally determined and commonly accepted standards express contempt for an individual, irrespective of his or her feelings. The offence of using insulting or offensive language, refers to an act of disparagement, or offensive behavior towards somebody. An insult expressed via the mass media results in more serious consequences. The public nature of an act referred to in Art. 216, section 1 of Penal Code means that it was committed in a manner allowing it to be noted by a number of people that cannot be determined in advance. Therefore, a qualified type of insult involves one committed via the mass media. The ratio legis of this construction is rather obvious, as an insult committed via the mass media has a larger range, and a larger impact area
Łukasz Tomczak, Lewicowe partie polityczne w Polsce -programy, organizacja strategie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin 2012, ss. 458.
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Wyspecjalizowane agencje marketingowe w działalności rynkowej krajowych organizacji politycznych
Get PDFThe paper tries to identify the role of specialized marketing agencies in the market activities of Polish political parties. It is based on the extensive observations the author carried out with respect to the application of marketing instruments in the political market. The purpose of the text is to demonstrate how political organizations can gain a competitive advantage by permanent cooperation with professional companies offering marketing consulting services. The starting point of these considerations is the concept of Jennifer Lees-Marshment, a researcher into political marketing from New Zealand, who assumes the total market orientation of a modern political organization (Market Oriented Party). According to her, a party should work the way a business does, ceaselessly meeting the needs of its consumer-voters.The paper tries to identify the role of specialized marketing agencies in the market activities of Polish political parties. It is based on the extensive observations the author carried out with respect to the application of marketing instruments in the political market. The purpose of the text is to demonstrate how political organizations can gain a competitive advantage by permanent cooperation with professional companies offering marketing consulting services. The starting point of these considerations is the concept of Jennifer Lees-Marshment, a researcher into political marketing from New Zealand, who assumes the total market orientation of a modern political organization (Market Oriented Party). According to her, a party should work the way a business does, ceaselessly meeting the needs of its consumer-voters
Aspiracje Ukrainy wobec Unii Europejskiej
Get PDFThe evolution of the ambitions of the Ukrainian authorities regarding integration with the EU is discussed in the paper. The current attitudes of political parties represented in Parliament towards the European Union, as well as the attitude of Ukrainian society towards the integration of the country with the EU is analyzed. Attention is focused on the Eastern Partnership as the EU’s response to the aspirations of the Ukrainian political elites toward integration with the EU. The process of working out a new agreement between Ukraine and the EU, that is to replace the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, is analyzed. In the conclusions the principal barriers to the integration of Ukraine with the EU are highlighted.The evolution of the ambitions of the Ukrainian authorities regarding integration with the EU is discussed in the paper. The current attitudes of political parties represented in Parliament towards the European Union, as well as the attitude of Ukrainian society towards the integration of the country with the EU is analyzed. Attention is focused on the Eastern Partnership as the EU’s response to the aspirations of the Ukrainian political elites toward integration with the EU. The process of working out a new agreement between Ukraine and the EU, that is to replace the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, is analyzed. In the conclusions the principal barriers to the integration of Ukraine with the EU are highlighted
Rosja w poszukiwaniu modelu reżimu politycznego – „poliarchia zachodnia” czy „azjatycka demokracja”
Get PDFOne of the fields of interest of modern political science involves the process of transformation of political systems, understood as the transition from nondemocratic to democratic systems. One of the countries undergoing such a political transformation is the Russian Federation, which in the nineteen-nineties faced the need to reject the model of the socio-political system of the Soviet Union, and to adjust to the emerging global civilization dominated by the models originating in West European countries. The paper emphasizes that, on account of the difficulties related to the process of political transformation, at the beginning of the new millennium West European models began to be supplanted by the models of Asian countries enjoying impressive economic growth while maintaining paternalist and authoritarian mechanisms of power. The author of the paper stresses that the political system of the modern Russian Federation is a particular mix of European and Asian models. Its functioning does not resemble the political regimes of polyarchy as much as those described as ‘Asian democracies’. The author indicates that given the present developmental stage of the Russian Federation, this models appears to be more practical and adequate in the political and cultural reality of modern Russia.One of the fields of interest of modern political science involves the process of transformation of political systems, understood as the transition from nondemocratic to democratic systems. One of the countries undergoing such a political transformation is the Russian Federation, which in the nineteen-nineties faced the need to reject the model of the socio-political system of the Soviet Union, and to adjust to the emerging global civilization dominated by the models originating in West European countries. The paper emphasizes that, on account of the difficulties related to the process of political transformation, at the beginning of the new millennium West European models began to be supplanted by the models of Asian countries enjoying impressive economic growth while maintaining paternalist and authoritarian mechanisms of power. The author of the paper stresses that the political system of the modern Russian Federation is a particular mix of European and Asian models. Its functioning does not resemble the political regimes of polyarchy as much as those described as ‘Asian democracies’. The author indicates that given the present developmental stage of the Russian Federation, this models appears to be more practical and adequate in the political and cultural reality of modern Russia
Radosław Zenderowski, Religia a tożsamość narodowa i nacjonalizm w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Między etnicyzacją religii a sakralizacją etnosu (narodu), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2011, ss. 315.
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Współczesny kryzys społeczno-polityczny na Ukrainie jako przykład cykliczności (chroniczności?) procesów politycznych
No full textThe objective of scientific forecasting is to present the most probable course of an analyzed phenomenon, taking into account the direction and dynamics of its development. In the course of making forecasts one endeavors to determine the conditions providing for the evolution of this phenomenon. Twenty-something years of an independent Ukraine is decidedly too short a period to facilitate responsible hypothesizing on the development of internal and external situation of this country, but some suppositions are justified. On account of the limitations of this paper the author analyzes only selected events from the recent history of Ukraine. The analysis does not answer the question of whether the recurring crises in Ukraine result primarily from phenomena that cyclically occur in a democracy (i.e. elections), and are simply inherent in it or not. Alternatively, when the chronic nature of a crisis (not: crises) is assumed, it may be concluded that as Ukraine emerges ‘unscathed’ from each stage of the crisis it evolves towards a new, more advanced phase, in consistence with Kondratiev’s theories of economic and political cycles.The objective of scientific forecasting is to present the most probable course of an analyzed phenomenon, taking into account the direction and dynamics of its development. In the course of making forecasts one endeavors to determine the conditions providing for the evolution of this phenomenon. Twenty-something years of an independent Ukraine is decidedly too short a period to facilitate responsible hypothesizing on the development of internal and external situation of this country, but some suppositions are justified. On account of the limitations of this paper the author analyzes only selected events from the recent history of Ukraine. The analysis does not answer the question of whether the recurring crises in Ukraine result primarily from phenomena that cyclically occur in a democracy (i.e. elections), and are simply inherent in it or not. Alternatively, when the chronic nature of a crisis (not: crises) is assumed, it may be concluded that as Ukraine emerges ‘unscathed’ from each stage of the crisis it evolves towards a new, more advanced phase, in consistence with Kondratiev’s theories of economic and political cycles
Inicjatywa naddunajska Unii Europejskiej. Nowy plan Tardieu?
Get PDFThe new EU Strategy for the Danube Region came into force on April 13, 2011. Referred to as the Danube Initiative it assumes cooperation within a greater European macro-region covering 1,080,000 km2 with over 115,000,000 inhabitants. The region encompasses as many as fourteen states, six of which are currently outside the European Union. Brussels aims to develop an improved transportation network inside the region by means of water, rail and roads, achieve stronger commitment to environmental protection, contribute to increased prosperity in this part of Europe and improve institutional cooperation in order to fight corruption and organized crime. Achieving these challenging goals is to result in increased unification of the region, in particular its less developed territories, with the UE in terms of economy and social development. The implementation of the Danube Initiative does not involve the establishment of any new institutions or resources. The goals are to be achieved by making better use of current measures.The new EU Strategy for the Danube Region came into force on April 13, 2011. Referred to as the Danube Initiative it assumes cooperation within a greater European macro-region covering 1,080,000 km2 with over 115,000,000 inhabitants. The region encompasses as many as fourteen states, six of which are currently outside the European Union. Brussels aims to develop an improved transportation network inside the region by means of water, rail and roads, achieve stronger commitment to environmental protection, contribute to increased prosperity in this part of Europe and improve institutional cooperation in order to fight corruption and organized crime. Achieving these challenging goals is to result in increased unification of the region, in particular its less developed territories, with the UE in terms of economy and social development. The implementation of the Danube Initiative does not involve the establishment of any new institutions or resources. The goals are to be achieved by making better use of current measures
Konstruowanie wzajemnych relacji jako element stylu uprawiania polityki PO i PiS
Get PDFThe subject of this paper is an analysis of behavior on the Polish political stage. Its starting point is a reflection on conflict and consensus in a democratic system. This general context requires us to approach these phenomena in terms of a range of aspects which can in turn affect the final assessment of conflict and consensus from the point of view of the quality of the political system. It turns out that the most important communication channels for this interaction are systematically and consistently closed by both sides involved in the conflict. The assumption that this political activity is inspired by marketing suggests that such a strategy has been planned in advance and is rationally implemented.The subject of this paper is an analysis of behavior on the Polish political stage. Its starting point is a reflection on conflict and consensus in a democratic system. This general context requires us to approach these phenomena in terms of a range of aspects which can in turn affect the final assessment of conflict and consensus from the point of view of the quality of the political system. It turns out that the most important communication channels for this interaction are systematically and consistently closed by both sides involved in the conflict. The assumption that this political activity is inspired by marketing suggests that such a strategy has been planned in advance and is rationally implemented
Medialny wymiar legitymizacji władzy
Get PDFThe issue of the legitimization of political power is one of the essential research issues of political science. Legitimization is usually defined as the entitlement of the authorities to make legal decisions accepted by the governed. The author of the paper discusses the issue of relations between the authorities and the media emphasizing the media character (dimension) of the process of legitimization of power. The attempt to approach the issue in this manner is justifiable since the contemporary media constitute a significant link in the relations between the governing and the governed. What is more, the media influence political processes in a state, shape citizens’ attitudes to politics and authorities, and the freedom of the media is perceived as providing one of the foundations of democracy. The media are sometimes named ‘the fourth estate’. Depending on the political system, the media can facilitate winning (or maintaining) power by a political elite, or legitimize power that has been forcefully imposed (in non-democratic systems). The basic goal of the paper is to reflect on the role and significance of the mass media in the process of legitimization of power.The issue of the legitimization of political power is one of the essential research issues of political science. Legitimization is usually defined as the entitlement of the authorities to make legal decisions accepted by the governed. The author of the paper discusses the issue of relations between the authorities and the media emphasizing the media character (dimension) of the process of legitimization of power. The attempt to approach the issue in this manner is justifiable since the contemporary media constitute a significant link in the relations between the governing and the governed. What is more, the media influence political processes in a state, shape citizens’ attitudes to politics and authorities, and the freedom of the media is perceived as providing one of the foundations of democracy. The media are sometimes named ‘the fourth estate’. Depending on the political system, the media can facilitate winning (or maintaining) power by a political elite, or legitimize power that has been forcefully imposed (in non-democratic systems). The basic goal of the paper is to reflect on the role and significance of the mass media in the process of legitimization of power