Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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Sejmowe komisje Śledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych doświadczeń
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the experience related to the appointment and operations of parliamentary commissions of inquiry in Poland. The author ponders whether the commissions appointed so far have contributed to improving the quality of political life and provided reliable explanations of scandals in circles of power, or perhaps they have rather become an instrument of political struggle, allowing political rivals to be easily discredited. The analysis conducted indicates that, on account of the composition of commissions (including politicians), so far their main focus has been political rivalry, instead of the actual investigation of scandals. The author also has reservations about the ineffectiveness of commissions of inquiry, which stems from imperfect legal provisions. The considerations refer to the supervisory function of the Polish parliament.The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the experience related to the appointment and operations of parliamentary commissions of inquiry in Poland. The author ponders whether the commissions appointed so far have contributed to improving the quality of political life and provided reliable explanations of scandals in circles of power, or perhaps they have rather become an instrument of political struggle, allowing political rivals to be easily discredited. The analysis conducted indicates that, on account of the composition of commissions (including politicians), so far their main focus has been political rivalry, instead of the actual investigation of scandals. The author also has reservations about the ineffectiveness of commissions of inquiry, which stems from imperfect legal provisions. The considerations refer to the supervisory function of the Polish parliament
Reprezentacje biedy i wykluczenia społecznego w tabloidach i mediach głównego nurtu
Get PDFWhile modern, capitalist consumer societies have solved the problem of extreme poverty to a large extent, indigence, destitution, the scarcity or lack of access to basic financial means or consumer practices that provide prestige, satisfaction or a sense of self-fulfillment continue to be experienced by a portion of society and constitute a significant theme of social reflection, political platforms and media discourse. The mass media could provide an arena where people who are economically marginalized could find an image of their own existence, the representation of their interests, and solutions for their practical and emotional problems. However, the mainstream press, radio, and television, as well as the new interactive media, are interested in the poor only to a limited degree. The poor have almost no media at all, unless simplistic and primitive tabloid dailies and some tabloidized television channels are considered as such. The question can be posed, then, of whether their problems are tabloidized also in the mainstream media, and where to search for the presentation and illustration of poverty when considering the issue of the tabloidization of poverty in the media.While modern, capitalist consumer societies have solved the problem of extreme poverty to a large extent, indigence, destitution, the scarcity or lack of access to basic financial means or consumer practices that provide prestige, satisfaction or a sense of self-fulfillment continue to be experienced by a portion of society and constitute a significant theme of social reflection, political platforms and media discourse. The mass media could provide an arena where people who are economically marginalized could find an image of their own existence, the representation of their interests, and solutions for their practical and emotional problems. However, the mainstream press, radio, and television, as well as the new interactive media, are interested in the poor only to a limited degree. The poor have almost no media at all, unless simplistic and primitive tabloid dailies and some tabloidized television channels are considered as such. The question can be posed, then, of whether their problems are tabloidized also in the mainstream media, and where to search for the presentation and illustration of poverty when considering the issue of the tabloidization of poverty in the media
Parliamentary dimension of the Polish presidency
Get PDFThe process of European integration has contributed to a significant concentration of member states’ political power in the hands of a bureaucratic-executive elite. This has been a result of European Union institutions discriminating in favor of national administrations rather than respective parliamentary institutions. Thereby, a European pattern of supremacy of the executive elite has been established, based on a mechanism of strict cooperation, and a system of institutional links between European and national bureaucracies. Unfortunately, national parliaments and the European Parliament were significantly late in responding to this process. This resulted in a lack of efficient methods to monitor political decision-makers and officials as regards their activity in the European forum. Not only has the integration system undermined the general powers of nation-states, but it has created a powerful bureaucracy whose competences have significantly increased on account of its international connections
„Gatemania” jako przykład tabloidyzacji śledztw dziennikarskich
Get PDFThe author of the paper analyzes the phenomenon of ‘gatemania’ in the mass media, paying particular attention to its influence on investigative journalism. Both the origins and evolution of this disturbing trend are discussed, beginning with William Lewis Safire. The author presents a broad range of definitions of the notion of ‘gatemania’, coined by the British journalist working for The Guardian, David Marsh. The paper enumerates a number of media scandals the media have referred to using the -gate suffix, ordering them by the three most frequent criteria. The relations between the stages of a classical model of muckraking and the components of a scandal are discussed, along with the elements that distinguish investigative journalism from tabloid-like journalism. In the opinion of the author, excessive use of the -gate suffix serves the purpose of the tabloidization of the message and is usually inadequate in relation to the event described; another reason for its use is to mislead readers, by implying that the articles are a result of investigative journalism.The author of the paper analyzes the phenomenon of ‘gatemania’ in the mass media, paying particular attention to its influence on investigative journalism. Both the origins and evolution of this disturbing trend are discussed, beginning with William Lewis Safire. The author presents a broad range of definitions of the notion of ‘gatemania’, coined by the British journalist working for The Guardian, David Marsh. The paper enumerates a number of media scandals the media have referred to using the -gate suffix, ordering them by the three most frequent criteria. The relations between the stages of a classical model of muckraking and the components of a scandal are discussed, along with the elements that distinguish investigative journalism from tabloid-like journalism. In the opinion of the author, excessive use of the -gate suffix serves the purpose of the tabloidization of the message and is usually inadequate in relation to the event described; another reason for its use is to mislead readers, by implying that the articles are a result of investigative journalism
Konflikt polityczny z perspektywy teorii zachowania zasobów
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the phenomenon of political conflict from the point of view of Stevan. E. Hobfoll’s Conservation of Resources theory. The first part is devoted to considerations on the principal sources of political conflict and the general pattern of its course in view of selected theories from political science and psychology. It presents the mechanisms of both cognitive and emotional functioning of individuals and groups in a conflict situation. The second part reviews the basic assumptions of the Conservation of Resources theory. This encompasses considerations on the resources that are politically significant, their definitions, and conclusions on the management of political resources. First and foremost, the analysis concerns the functions of conflict which may constitute a source of both an increase in, and loss of resources; additionally, conflict as such can also be perceived and treated as a kind of resource. The paper presents examples of political events in the 19th and 20th centuries.This paper analyzes the phenomenon of political conflict from the point of view of Stevan. E. Hobfoll’s Conservation of Resources theory. The first part is devoted to considerations on the principal sources of political conflict and the general pattern of its course in view of selected theories from political science and psychology. It presents the mechanisms of both cognitive and emotional functioning of individuals and groups in a conflict situation. The second part reviews the basic assumptions of the Conservation of Resources theory. This encompasses considerations on the resources that are politically significant, their definitions, and conclusions on the management of political resources. First and foremost, the analysis concerns the functions of conflict which may constitute a source of both an increase in, and loss of resources; additionally, conflict as such can also be perceived and treated as a kind of resource. The paper presents examples of political events in the 19th and 20th centuries.
“Any news from Poland?” Representations of the Polish EU presidency in the Greek media
Get PDFThe purpose of the paper is to explore and analyze the news coverage of the first Polish presidency of the EU Council in the Greek media, as well as the role of the Greek media in the Greek citizens’ information process about issues regarding the Polish presidency and the promotion of European matters. Through a comparative quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the media, the paper aims to highlight the representations of the Polish EU presidency in the Greek media. In addition, the essay casts light on some crucial questions that arise: (1) How did the Polish EU presidency attract the Greek media’s attention? (2) What are the Greek media’s criteria for selection of EU-related events taking place in a foreign European country which are of great importance? (3) How many news items regarding the Polish EU presidency appeared on Greek TV, in newspapers and online media? (4) How frequently did representations of the term Poland, Polish EU presidency and Polish appear in Greek news items? (5) What was the Greek media’s attitude towards this foreign country? (6) How did the Greek media present the Polish EU presidency? As a host of numerous meetings and events or as an actor in charge, defining the major directions of the EU policy? (7) What was the attention given to Poland and to the Polish EU presidency in particular? (8) Within what spectrum did the Greek media comment on the role of the Polish EU presidency as chairman of the EU Council for 6 months?
Banksy a sprawa palestyńska – przypadek jednego politycznego muralu w Betlejem
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to analyze a mural, namely a large wall painting, depicting in this case a white dove with wings spread, carrying an olive branch in its beak and wearing a bulletproof vest, which is in the crosshairs of an unseen weapon. The mural was painted in Bethlehem, Palestine, in 2007 and is attributed to the best known British graffiti artist, who goes by the nickname of Banksy. This white dove mural exemplifies how art can be used for political purposes. This is a gesture of support for the Palestinian issue, namely the Palestinian right to land and, at the same time, it is an expression of criticism of the behavior of Israelis in the territories occupied as a result of the six-day war of 1967. The artist utilized the medium of an urban space painting, with symbols that are easy to understand and interpret in order to convey a political message, while obtaining the following results: the esthetic outcome of making an urban space more attractive; a mobilization effect, by showing methods other than combat for fighting for one’s rights; a promotional one, by making Bethlehem more popular; and commercial, by providing Palestinians with the ‘Banksy’ brand, which is recognized by tourists, to advertise their goods and services.The aim of this paper is to analyze a mural, namely a large wall painting, depicting in this case a white dove with wings spread, carrying an olive branch in its beak and wearing a bulletproof vest, which is in the crosshairs of an unseen weapon. The mural was painted in Bethlehem, Palestine, in 2007 and is attributed to the best known British graffiti artist, who goes by the nickname of Banksy. This white dove mural exemplifies how art can be used for political purposes. This is a gesture of support for the Palestinian issue, namely the Palestinian right to land and, at the same time, it is an expression of criticism of the behavior of Israelis in the territories occupied as a result of the six-day war of 1967. The artist utilized the medium of an urban space painting, with symbols that are easy to understand and interpret in order to convey a political message, while obtaining the following results: the esthetic outcome of making an urban space more attractive; a mobilization effect, by showing methods other than combat for fighting for one’s rights; a promotional one, by making Bethlehem more popular; and commercial, by providing Palestinians with the ‘Banksy’ brand, which is recognized by tourists, to advertise their goods and services
Marginalizacja ugrupowań ekologicznych na scenach politycznych państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w okresie transformacji ustrojowej
Get PDFIn the period 2008–2011, twelve parliamentary elections were held in eight Central and East European states. Their results demonstrated the decreasing importance of green parties on the political stage in this part of Europe. The author of this paper tries to translate the concept developed by Allan Sikk and Rune Holmgaard Andersen, concerning the evolution of Estonian green parties, to party systems in CEE states. The paper also discusses the evolution of the status of green parties and their probable placement in party systems following the nearest parliamentary elections.In the period 2008–2011, twelve parliamentary elections were held in eight Central and East European states. Their results demonstrated the decreasing importance of green parties on the political stage in this part of Europe. The author of this paper tries to translate the concept developed by Allan Sikk and Rune Holmgaard Andersen, concerning the evolution of Estonian green parties, to party systems in CEE states. The paper also discusses the evolution of the status of green parties and their probable placement in party systems following the nearest parliamentary elections
Coverage of Poland’s EU presidency in Romanian printed press and online media – a descriptive analysis
Get PDFJournalists make use of the main ‘frameworks’of interpretation of the world and of the events which they present in news items and other media products. Professional routines lead journalists to search for information first in sources which have, in their opinion, the power to ‘define’ the situation and to ‘frame’ it. The article analyzes the coverage of Poland’s EU presidency in the Romanian printed press and online media. The analysis was made on a sample of data composed of Romanian articles devoted to Poland’s EU presidency in July 2011–January 2012. The study highlights the similarities in covering Polish presidency of the EU between the Romanian newspapers and online media. At the same time, the results showed that the attention paid by the Romanian mass media to Poland’s EU presidency varied according to the type of media where the article was published: newspapers vs. online media
Adolf Januszkiewicz jako pośrednik oraz spoiwo łączące kulturę kazachską i europejską
No full textThe paper is devoted to the role played by Adolf Januszkiewicz, a poet and insurgent in the November uprising, in Polish-Kazakh relations. Agraduate of Vilnius University, Januszkiewicz was among eminent Polish activists sent by the Tsar into exile in Siberia and Kazakhstan. Over twenty years spent in close contact with the inhabitants of the Great Steppe shaped Januszkiewicz’s peculiar attitude to the Kazakh nation. His journals and letters have been translated into several European languages. They still remain an interesting source of knowledge about the culture and customs of Kazakhs then. They are highly appreciated in Kazakhstan as an example of the thorough approach taken by an educated representative of a progressive European culture towards the life of a nomadic people. The positive image of Poles generated by the 19th century exiles has laid the foundations for the friendly attitude the Kazakh have had towards successive groups of Poles who found themselves in their country. At present, the sizeable Polish minority is well integrated with Kazakh society. The legacy of such activists as Adolf Januszkiewicz provides excellent foundations for the advancement of Polish-Kazakh relations.The paper is devoted to the role played by Adolf Januszkiewicz, a poet and insurgent in the November uprising, in Polish-Kazakh relations. Agraduate of Vilnius University, Januszkiewicz was among eminent Polish activists sent by the Tsar into exile in Siberia and Kazakhstan. Over twenty years spent in close contact with the inhabitants of the Great Steppe shaped Januszkiewicz’s peculiar attitude to the Kazakh nation. His journals and letters have been translated into several European languages. They still remain an interesting source of knowledge about the culture and customs of Kazakhs then. They are highly appreciated in Kazakhstan as an example of the thorough approach taken by an educated representative of a progressive European culture towards the life of a nomadic people. The positive image of Poles generated by the 19th century exiles has laid the foundations for the friendly attitude the Kazakh have had towards successive groups of Poles who found themselves in their country. At present, the sizeable Polish minority is well integrated with Kazakh society. The legacy of such activists as Adolf Januszkiewicz provides excellent foundations for the advancement of Polish-Kazakh relations