Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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Bahasa Rojak dalam Kalangan Penduduk di Sarawak
No full textThis research on code-mixing in Sarawak studies the mixed language used by the various ethnic groups there namely the Malays, Ibans, Chinese and Melanaus in their day-to-day communication. Codemixing is equally as important as the local languages (Iban, Melanau, Chinese and the Sarawak Malay dialect). Code-mixing in Sarawak is more common in communication between different ethnic groups. Questionnaires were used to obtain all the information based on the framework of language choice and were then totalled according to the languages spoken in the community. This study was conducted in the town of Sarikei. The method selected has been adapted from Fishman, Asmah, Holmes and Chua Yan Piaw based on percentage frequency analysis. It was found that among the various ethnic groups in Sarawak there were two types of code-mixing: one involving the mixing of Malay and Iban, and the other of Malay and Melanau. However, the MalayIban mix is more common than the Malay-Melanau mix. The use of the Malay-Iban mixed language is predominant when compared to the use of the Malay-Melanau mix as this is the language of choice among the three biggest ethnic groups living there (the Malays, Ibans and Chinese) as compared with the Malay-Melanau mix which is used among the Malay and Melanau only.
Keywords: Sarawak, code-mixing, language use, language choice, relationship, multiethnicKajian bahasa rojak di Sarawak ini bertujuan memerihalkan bahasa yang digunakan oleh pelbagai suku kaum, iaitu suku kaum Melayu, Iban, Cina dan Melanau dalam perhubungan sesama mereka seharihari. Penggunaan bahasa rojak di negeri Sarawak sama pentingnya dengan bahasa tempatan, seperti bahasa Iban, Melanau, Cina dan dialek Melayu. Bahasa rojak di Sarawak bahasa yang biasa dipilih dalam hubungan antara suku kaum yang pelbagai. Borang soal selidik digunakan untuk mengumpulkan maklumat penggunaan bahasa berlandaskan kerangka kajian pilihan bahasa serta dijumlahkan keseluruhannya mengikut bahasa yang ada digunakan dalam masyarakat tersebut. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di bandar Sarikei. Kaedah yang dipilih ini telah disesuaikan daripada Fishman, Asmah, Holmes dan juga Chua Yan Piaw berlandaskan analisis kekerapan (peratusan). Didapati suku kaum yang pelbagai di negeri Sarawak telah memilih dua bahasa rojak, iaitu bahasa rojak Melayu-Iban dan bahasa rojak Melayu-Melanau. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan bahasa rojak Melayu-Iban lebih utama jika dibandingkan dengan bahasa rojak Melayu-Melanau. Bahasa rojak Melayu-Iban digunakan lebih tinggi di Sarawak kerana bahasa ini dipilih oleh tiga suku kaum utama, iaitu Melayu, Iban dan Cina jika dibandingkan dengan bahasa rojak Melayu-Melanau yang hanya digunakan antara suku kaum Melayu dan Melanau sahaja.
Kata kunci: Sarawak, bahasa rojak, penggunaan bahasa, pilihan bahasa, perhubungan, pelbagai suku kau
Cadangan Prosedur Kendalian Standard bagi Kes Melibatkan Sihir di Mahkamah Syariah
No full textThe Syariah Court has been fraught with claims of the use of black magic or supernatural powers in the cases of marriage or divorce. The absence of legal provisions and procedures to deal with such claims often resulted being not considered. This article thus proposes Standard Operating Procedure for addressing the issues. This procedure is deemed necessary to assist all parties to uphold justice and defend the victims of spouse, if the allegations are proven true. This research was conducted through courtroom observations and interviews with judges who heard such cases and parties who claimed to have been victims of black magic. Through this Standard Operating Procedure, the truth of the allegations can be evaluated in three simple steps. First, the party claiming to have been under a spell (bewitched) he/she must prove that he/she was experiencing symptoms due to that spell. Second, the court must ask for an expert opinion to confirm that the symptoms experienced were due to witchcraft. Third, the court must issue an order compelling the victim undergo treatment if symptoms confirmed to be due to the act of black magic. Once the victim fully recovered, then the case may then be heard again. In this way, the trial will be able to be more fair and equitable.
Keywords: magic, marriage and divorce, Standard Operating Procedure, syariah courtWujud dakwaan oleh banyak pihak dalam kes di Mahkamah Syariah tentang penggunaan ilmu sihir dalam perkahwinan atau perceraian. Ketiadaan peruntukan undang-undang dan prosedur untuk menanganinya menyebabkan dakwaan sedemikian sering kali tidak dipertimbangkan. Makalah ini mencadangkan Prosedur Kendalian Standard bagi menangani isu tersebut. Prosedur ini diperlukan bagi membantu semua pihak untuk berlaku adil dan membela pasangan yang menjadi mangsa sekiranya dakwaan tersebut benar. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui pemerhatian dan temu bual dengan hakim yang berhadapan dengan kes sedemikian dan pihak yang mendakwa disihir. Melalui Prosedur Kendalian Standard ini, kebenaran dakwaan tersebut dapat dinilai dengan tiga langkah mudah. Pertama, pihak yang mendakwa terkena sihir perlu membuktikan bahawa beliau mengalami simptom akibat disihir. Kedua, mahkamah perlu meminta pendapat pakar bagi mengesahkan bahawa simptom yang dialami itu berpunca daripada perbuatan sihir. Ketiga, mahkamah perlu mengeluarkan perintah agar mangsa menjalani rawatan pemulihan jika simptom tersebut disahkan berpunca daripada perbuatan sihir. Setelah mangsa pulih sepenuhnya, maka kes tersebut bolehlah dibicarakan semula. Dengan cara ini, perbicaraan akan dapat dijalankan dengan lebih adil dan saksama.
Kata kunci: ilmu sihir, perkahwinan dan perceraian, Prosedur Kendalian Standar
Hak Ibu Bapa terhadap Nafkah dalam Perundangan Islam
No full textThis article will discuss parental right to maintenance under Islamic law. In order to preserve familial harmony, children too have to exercise certain rights and carry out certain obligations towards their parents. As such, this article examines the current provisions available under Islamic Law in Malaysia. Further, a comparative analysis of the provisions applied in West Asian countries to those in Malaysia is also sought. A close perusal of the provisions is deemed necessary to enquire into whether such provisions are adequate to protect parental rights to maintenance. Hence, parental rights to maintenance will be carried out and not neglected. Should the adverse happens, the available provisions will provide the necessary remedies.
Keywords: maintenance, parental right, Islamic lawMakalah ini bertujuan membincangkan hak ibu bapa terhadap nafkah dalam perundangan Islam. Dalam menjaga keutuhan sesebuah keluarga, anak-anak juga mempunyai tanggungjawab terhadap ibu bapa mereka. Perbincangan dalam makalah ini merangkumi peruntukan undang-undang yang terpakai terhadap orang Islam di Malaysia. Beberapa peruntukan undang-undang di negara Asia Barat juga dianalisis sebagai perbandingan. Penelitian dibuat dengan melihat sama ada peruntukan undang-undang di Malaysia mencukupi bagi tujuan memelihara dan memastikan hak ibu bapa terhadap nafkah. Dalam kata lain, kebajikan ibu bapa dari segi hak untuk mendapat nafkah tidak terabai dan dilaksanakan oleh pihak yang bertanggungjawab. Dalam masa yang sama, sekiranya orang yang bertanggungjawab menunaikan hak tersebut lalai, undang-undang akan menyediakan jalan penyelesaiannya.
Kata kunci: nafkah, hak ibu bapa, undang-undang Isla
Perilaku Morfologi Awalan Ber- dalam Bahasa Melayu Klasik dan Bahasa Melayu Moden: Satu Kajian Perbandingan
No full textThis study describes the morphological behavior of prefixes beRbased on a corpus of classical Malay. The morphological descriptions include the function, distribution and meaning of the prefix in the process of affixation with the base forms. The morphological behaviour in classical Malay is subsequently compared with that of modern Malay to observe innovation and retention in the development of the Malay language. The data used in the study comprises 2 440 258 classical Malay words generated using Telnet software from the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Malay language data base. The data from modern Malay were taken from the UKM-DBP corpus comprising five million words using WordSmith Tools 5.0 software. The output data is generated in the form of a concordance and then classified and grouped based on their morphological behaviour. The data are analysed according to the generative morphology framework. The findings demonstrate that there are cases where the function, distribution, and meaning of the prefix beR- are retained, whereas in other cases it undergoes innovation, such as broadening, narrowing, substitution or elimination.
Keywords: morphology, function, distribution, retention, innovationKajian ini menghuraikan perilaku morfologi awalan beR- dalam korpus bahasa Melayu klasik yang merangkumi aspek fungsi, taburan dan makna yang didukung oleh imbuhan tersebut dalam konteks penggabungannya dengan kata dasar. Perilaku morfologi ini dibandingkan dengan perilaku awalan beR- dalam korpus bahasa Melayu moden. Perbandingan ini bertujuan melihat gejala pengekalan dan inovasi yang berlaku dalam sejarah perkembangan bahasa Melayu. Data bahasa Melayu klasik diperoleh daripada korpus klasik yang berjumlah 2 440 258 kata yang dijana daripada pangkalan data bahasa Melayu Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka dengan menggunakan perisian program Telnet. Data bahasa Melayu moden dipetik daripada korpus UKM-DBP yang berjumlah lima juta kata dengan menggunakan perisian WordSmith Tools 5.0. Kata terbitan yang dijana dalam bentuk konkordans kemudiannya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan perilaku morfologinya. Data kajian dianalisis menurut kerangka teori morfologi generatif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sebahagian daripada fungsi, taburan dan makna awalan beR- mengalami proses pengekalan, dan sebahagian yang lain mengalami proses inovasi, seperti peluasan, pengecilan, pengambilalihan dan penghilangan.
Kata kunci: morfologi, fungsi, taburan, pengekalan, inovas
Hang Tuah in the Sea of Oral Malay Narratives
No full textHang Tuah is a culture hero who defines both himself and the Malays, along with their feudal and universal values. Three forms of existences have been bestowed on him by the peoples of the Malay Archipelago, i. e. the historical, the fictional and the oral. This paper attempts to trace the oral presence of Hang Tuah which is more varied, colourful, and in effect, more developed than the other two. At present, in Sungai Duyung, Singkep, Riau, Malacca and many places in the Archipelago, there is a wealth of stories about him, his origins, exploits, comrades and death. Many stories of the Sea Sekanaq of West Singkep, Riau claim that he originated from amongst their people. In Bintan, however, where his family found a home, some other famous stories are told of how he met his four friends, and his early relationship with the Bendahara and the Raja of Bintan. Hang Tuah and his family moved to Malacca when the new state became an important and wealthy port. Here, the stories refer to the village of Sungai Duyong in Malacca, its famous well, and his so-called mausoleum in Tanjong Keling. Stories of his life and contribution to the state were composed over time, and are quite different from addition to those of the Sulalat al-Salatin and the Hikayat Hang Tuah. The stories are still being composed and spread through the internet, an instrument of what I call the tertiary orality.
Keywords: Hang Tuah, Malay identity, feudal values, origins, orang lau
Re-Visioning Women in Two Folktales by a Woman Narrator
No full textThe paper is an attempt to read two tales about women by a woman narrator with an underlying assumption that only a woman could possibly represent a more authentic female life, and thus her story about women would invariably repudiate other so-called "untrue" formulations about women. With that as a premise, the paper would proceed to unfold the re-imagining or rather the re-visioning of women in the two tales; and this would demand, so to speak, a more unconventional critical method of analysis (benefiting in many ways the feminist strategy of reading) to discover the technique and strategy of repositioning the women characters in the two tales. The paper concludes with two rather uneasy propositions: the texts do give a refreshing presentation of female power in an environment of male hegemony, but the powerful women are not in any way a threat to the patriarchy; as a matter of fact, they help uphold the patriarchal order of things.
Keywords: folk tales, re-visioning women character, female power, male hegemony, feminist reading strateg
The Making of the Medieval Malay Hero Hang Tuah: Stories Behind the Epic Scene
No full textThe essay attempts to look at the scene behind the making of a hero in Malay medieval society. Such attempt is vital in order to understand not only the rise of a legendary hero, Hang Tuah, from his ordinary status in Sejarah Melayu (The Malay Annal) to his supra-human figure in the epic Hikayat Hang Tuah but also to gauge the social, political and psychological milieu behind the epic composition. The premise of the argument in this essay is that a hero is built and not born. Pushing it from there, the essay endeavours to prove the point by extensively reading on the milieu and time behind the emergence of Hikayat Hang Tuah. While exploring these, the essay also looks at the process of inventing the epic, which include identifying sources and materials borrowed, distorted, inverted and appropriated by the author to bring forth this traditional but unique literary creation.
Keywords: epic, hero, heroism, heroic deeds, heroic age, ethnocentris
Alasan Penamatan Perjanjian di Bawah Akta Francais 1998
No full textThis article aims to delve into the elements of "good cause" that can be used by franchisors to terminate franchise agreements as provided for by the Franchise Act 1998. The method used involved an interpretation of statutes and case studies based on cases decided by the court. The article purports to show that the grounds specified in the Franchise Act 1998 cater only for a franchisor to terminate a franchise agreement on the ground of "good cause." There is no provision for a franchisee to terminate the agreement based on "good cause." Therefore, it is proposed that both parties shall include additional grounds for termination of a franchise agreement before expiry of its duration in the franchise agreement signed by them.
Keywords: grounds for termination; termination of contract; Franchise Act 1998; franchise agreement, good causeMakalah ini bertujuan mengupas elemen "sebab yang baik" yang boleh digunakan oleh francaisor untuk menamatkan perjanjian francais sebagaimana yang diperuntukkan dalam Akta Francais 1998. Kaedah yang digunakan ialah kaedah interpretasi statut dan juga kajian kes berdasarkan kes yang telah diputuskan oleh mahkamah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan alasan yang dinyatakan dalam Akta Francais 1998 berpihak kepada francaisor untuk menamatkan perjanjian atas "sebab yang baik". Tiada sebarang peruntukan bagi francaisi untuk menamatkan perjanjian atas "sebab yang baik". Oleh sebab itu, dicadangkan agar kedua-dua pihak memasukkan alasan tambahan bagi penamatan perjanjian sebelum tempoh perjanjian berakhir dalam perjanjian francais yang ditandatangani.
Kata kunci: alasan penamatan, penamatan perjanjian, Akta Francais 1998, perjanjian francais, sebab yang bai
Undang-undang Kawalan Penjualan Arak oleh Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan: Kajian Khusus di Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan
No full textProhibition of alcoholic drinks to Muslims, whether the act of drinking or involvement with any activities related to alcoholic drinks is very clear according to Islamic law. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the the role of the local authorities and effectiveness in limiting the sale of alcoholic drinks to Muslims in Selangor and the challenges or obstacles faced by the local authorities in Selangor to control the sale of alcoholic drinks. Data and information based on feedback from 12 local authorities in Selangor were collected from the licensing and enforcement department. The results showed that all local authorities in Selangor control the sale of alcoholic drinks to Muslims by imposing supplementary conditions in approving the licence of premises which sell alcoholic drinks and also through the self-regulatory system introduced by the Selangor State Government. At the same time, the local authorities also face many constraints in enforcing the laws that control the sale of alcoholic drinks, particularly in terms of legal conflicts and enforcement barriers. Therefore, several recommendations and suggestions for improvement are deemed necessary for the realization of an effective law in limiting the sale of alcoholic drinks involving Muslims in Selangor.
Keywords: Islamic Criminal Law, controlling the sale of liquor, Local Council, self-regulatory systemKajian ini bertujuan menganalisis sejauh manakah keberkesanan kuasa dan peranan pihak berkuasa tempatan dalam membataskan penjualan arak membabitkan orang Islam di Selangor dan cabaran serta halangan yang dihadapi oleh pihak berkuasa tempatan di Selangor dalam melaksanakan kawalan penjualan arak. Untuk tujuan ini, data dan maklumat berdasarkan maklum balas daripada 12 pihak berkuasa tempatan di seluruh Selangor melibatkan jabatan yang mengeluarkan lesen dan melaksanakan penguatkuasaan pembatasan penjualan arak kepada orang Islam telah dikumpul. Hasil kajian mendapati semua pihak berkuasa tempatan di Selangor mengawal penjualan arak kepada orang Islam dengan mengenakan syarat tambahan semasa meluluskan lesen premis menjual arak dan juga melalui sistem kawal selia sendiri yang diperkenalkan oleh Kerajaan Negeri Selangor. Pada masa yang sama, pihak berkuasa tempatan turut menghadapi pelbagai kekangan semasa melaksanakan undang-undang kawalan penjualan arak khususnya dari aspek konflik perundangan dan halangan penguatkuasaan. Oleh yang demikian, beberapa syor serta cadangan penambahbaikan dilihat amat perlu bagi merealisasikan undang-undang yang berkesan dalam mengehadkan penjualan arak membabitkan orang Islam di Selangor.
Kata kunci: undang-undang jenayah Islam, kawalan penjualan arak, pihak berkuasa tempatan, kawal selia sendir
Representasi Sintaksis Operator Bahasa Melayu Berdasarkan Pendekatan Tatabahasa Peranan dan Rujukan
No full textThis article examines the nature and role of operators on aspects of Malay language syntax. Syntactic aspects of operators in Malay are examined using the theoretical framework of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG). Analysis of operators in Malay is based on the function words listed in the book Tatabahasa Dewan. This study reveals that the Malay language has seven types of operators, namely aspect, status, modality, direction, negation, evidential, and illocutionary force. Each operator has a role in the Layered Structure of the Clause (LSC), that is the operator aspect, negation and direction to modify the sentence on the nucleus level, modalities of the operator to modify the core layers, and finally, operator status, evidential and illocutionary operator also modify the clause level. By using the theoretical framework of RRG, this study demonstrates an alternative way to explain the nature and role of operators in Malay.Makalah ini meneliti bentuk dan peranan operator bahasa Melayu dari aspek sintaksis. Aspek sintaksis operator bahasa Melayu diteliti berdasarkan kerangka teori Tatabahasa Peranan dan Rujukan (TPR). Makalah ini menggunakan kata tugas yang disenaraikan dalam buku Tatabahasa Dewan sebagai asas analisis operator bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini menyenaraikan tujuh jenis operator dalam bahasa Melayu, iaitu aspek, status, modaliti, arah, penafian, pembuktian dan ilokusionari. Setiap operator ini mempunyai peranannya dalam Struktur Berlapisan Klausa (SBK), iaitu operator aspek, penafian dan arah mengubah suai ayat pada peringat nukleus; operator modaliti pula mengubah suai peringkat inti, dan akhir sekali operator status, bukti dan ilokusionari pula mengubah suai ayat pada peringkat klausa. Dengan menggunakan kerangka TPR, kajian ini menunjukkan satu cara alternatif untuk menjelaskan bentuk dan peranan operator bahasa Melayu