Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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Kekangan Penggabungan Nasal-Obstruen Letupan Bersuara dalam Bahasa Melayu Standard
No full textThis article discusses the blocking of the phonological process i.e. nasal substitution on nasal and voiced plosive clusters. Phonetically, nasal and voiceless plosive obstruent clusters cause difficulty to the articulation system in its production. The clusters are not allowed to emerge in the surface representation in Malay and other languages particularly Austronesian languages. To prevent these clusters from emerging in the surface form, nasal substitution is applied. Observation of a million words obtained from the DBP-UKM corpus confirms that the phonological process of voiced obstruent nasal substitution does not occur in standard Malay. This article will discusses why voiced plosive obstruents after nasal segments do not undergo nasal substitution. This study is based on constraint-hierarchy i.e. Optimality theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993), which proposes that the blocking of voiced plosive obstruent nasal substitution is due to the constraint named IDENT[PHAREXP].
Keywords: phonology, morphophonemic, prosodic analysis, nasalobstruent substitution, Optimality theory, standard MalayMakalah ini membincangkan kekangan proses fonologi, iaitu penggabungan nasal pada deretan nasal-obstruen letupan bersuara (voiced plosives). Secara fonetiknya, deretan dua konsonan nasal dan obstruen letupan tak bersuara menimbulkan masalah pada sistem artikulasi dalam proses penghasilannya. Deretan dua konsonan ini tidak dibenarkan hadir bersama dan muncul pada bentuk permukaan dalam bahasa Melayu dan bahasa lain juga terutamanya bahasa Austronesia. Oleh itu, untuk memisahkan dua konsonan ini daripada muncul pada peringkat permukaan penggabungan nasal diaplikasikan. Pemerhatian sejuta kata daripada data korpus DBP-UKM mengesahkan bahawa proses fonologi penggabungan nasal-obstruen letupan bersuara sememangnya tidak berlaku dalam bahasa Melayu standard. Perbincangan tertumpu bagi menjawab persoalan mengapa obstruen letupan bersuara selepas konsonan nasal tidak terlibat dalam proses penggabungan nasal. Kajian yang berdasarkan tatatingkat kekangan, iaitu teori Optimaliti ini mencadangkan kes kekangan penggabungan nasal pada obstruen letupan bersuara berlaku disebabkan kekangan IDENT[PHAREXP].
Kata kunci: fonologi, morfofonemik, analisis prosodik, penggabungan nasal-obstruen, teori Optimaliti, bahasa Melayu standar
GIS in The Humanities: The Spatial Pattern and Distribution of the Voyage of Panglima Awang or Henry The Black
No full textPanglima Awang or Henry The Black or Enrique of Melaka, a man of Malay descent, was on board Ferdinand Magellan's ship when he made his voyage around the world. Panglima Awang was a captive and a slave on board. He was taken to Goa, India and then onward to Portugal. In Portugal, a conflict broke out between the Portugese and Captain Fernado (or Ferdinand Magellan) who, at the instigation of Da Gama, was maliciously accused of siding with some foreigners. Tired of the unwelcome pressure, Captain Fernado made the decision to change his mission and instead sail around the world with Panglima Awang. From Portugal they set sail for Spain. Also on board was Pigafetta who recorded every little detail of the voyage. Besides depicting the events that took place during the voyage of Panglima Awang, this article attempts to integrate geographical information technology into research in the fields of literature and history. This is achieved by identifying the route taken by Panglima Awang as well as his stopover locations, and analysing the spatial pattern and distribution of the voyage.
Keywords: Geographical Information System (GIS), Humanities, voyage, Panglima Awan
Pencemaran Sungai: Analisis Peruntukan Undang-Undang di Bawah Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974
No full textThis paper analyses the legal provisions relating to river pollution, in particular the Environmental Quality Act 1974 which is the parent Act in relation to the management and conservation of the environment. The scope of discussion focuses on the pollution caused by industrial factories. By using the method of interpretation of the statute, the analysis deliberates on the relevant express provisions that are directly related to river pollution The paper concludes by submitting proposals of improvement.
Keywords: river, pollution, law, Environmental Quality Act 1974Artikel ini menganalisis peruntukan undang-undang berkaitan dengan pencemaran sungai khususnya Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974 yang merupakan akta induk berkaitan dengan pengurusan dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar. Skop perbincangan menjurus kepada pencemaran yang dilakukan oleh kilang industri. Dengan menggunakan kaedah interpretasi statut, peruntukan seksyen yang secara langsung berkait dengan aspek pencemaran sungai dianalisis. Setiap peruntukan ini kemudiannya dibincangkan secara terperinci dan cadangan penambahbaikan dikemukakan pada akhir perbincangan.
Kata kunci: sungai, pencemaran, undang-undang, Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 197
The Construction of the Malay Hero as Conceived in Hikayat Hang Tuah
No full textThis article is an exposition of the legendary character of Hang Tuah in the traditional Malay literary work titled Hang Tuah edited by Kassim Ahmad (1964), which is based on the manuscript Hikayat Hang Tuah from the collection of Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka. It traces the experiences of Hang Tuah, the main character, focusing on the development of his heroism. The concept of the construction of a hero is based on Joseph Campbell's prototype model of the hero, whereby in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published 1949, third edition 2009), he summarizes every step of the hero's journey into three stages: departure, initiation and return. The objective of the article is to examine Hang Tuah as a heroic figure using Campbell's model as an archetype. The analysis will show the similarities in the treatment of the hero entity as an extraordinary person in Malay literature, while at the same time highlighting the most noticeable differences. The backbone of the construct is the contention that Hang Tuah's heroism runs in tandem with the concept of king and kingdom in Malay tradition.
Keywords: Hang Tuah, legendary warrior, Malay hero, hero's journe
Co-opting the Rival Ca(n)non the Turkish Episode of Hikayat Hang Tuah
No full textAmong specimens of traditional Malay literary polemics, or rather, "wars of books", we find an interesting group of texts of the mid or late seventeenth century, which narrate how an Acehnese embassy was dispatched to Ottoman Turkey to obtain "large cannons". Remarkably, alongside literary pieces composed in Aceh, this group also includes the Turkish episode of Hikayat Hang Tuah (HHT), the epic created in Johor which describes the epoch of the Malaccan sultanate. However, HHT is a double-layered work in which Malacca not infrequently stands for Johor, whose relations with Aceh were more often than not hostile. HHT's author covertly polemicizes against Acehnese literary works, striving to prove that Malacca (read Johor) allegedly established diplomatic relations with the Ottomans earlier than Aceh. HHT also attempts to show that its mission to Istanbul was much more successful than Aceh's and that it completed the recognition of Malacca/Johor across the entire political space from China to Turkey. Yet, the political and literary agendas of HHT's author differ radically. In the former, the forces of repulsion hold sway, which leads HHT to depict the triumph of Johor in its rivalry with Aceh. In the latter, on the contrary, the forces of attraction dominate. For this reason the Turkish episode in HHT borrows the plot of Acehnese works, constructs its portrayals of Istanbul from a mosaic of Acehnese sources, and resorts to the grand Acehnese literary style of the "gold-and-jewel" variety.
Keywords: traditional Malay literature, Hikayat Hang Tuah, Malacca, Johor, Aceh, Turkey, Istanbul, the Ottomans, Acehnese embassy, political agenda, palimpsest, war of books, gold-and-jewel styl
Pindaan Akta Pemajuan Perumahan 2012 dan Akta Perumahan 1Malaysia: Satu Analisis
No full textThis article focuses on the amendments passed in 2012 on the Housing Development Act and Perumahan Rakyat 1 Malaysia Act 2012, which were both gazetted on the 9th February 2012. The article aims to analyse and present the current legal issues. The research method employed is qualitative. The discussions and issues raised endeavour to facilitate an awareness and understanding of the latest amendments to the Housing Development Act, and whether those admendment s are able to offer better protection to the house buyers.
Keywords: housing law, low-cost houses, medium-cost houses, housing developer, housing developmentMakalah ini memberikan tumpuan pada pindaan Akta Pemajuan Perumahan pada tahun 2012 dan Akta Perumahan 1Malaysia 2012 yang kedua-duanya baru sahaja diisytiharkan pada 9 Februari 2012 yang lalu. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan menyampaikan isu undang-undang terkini yang berkaitan dengan undang-undang perumahan di Malaysia berdasarkan dua statut tersebut dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian secara kualitatif. Perbincangan dalam makalah ini akan membantu pemahaman terhadap pindaan undang-undang perumahan yang terbaharu sama ada memberikan perlindungan yang lebih baik kepada pembeli rumah ataupun tidak.
Kata kunci: undang-undang perumahan, perumahan kos rendah, perumahan kos sederhana, pemaju perumahan, pembangunan perumaha
Isu dan Permasalahan Keterangan Kanak-Kanak di Bawah Undang-Undang di Malaysia: Satu Penilaian
No full textThis article aims to critically discuss problems and difficulties in extracting evidence from children during court proceedings, with reference to the provisions of relevant statutes in Malaysia. In general, law recognizes the ability as well as the credibility of a child to give evidence in the trial process, provided that he satisfies all the requirements and conditions outlined by the principles of law. However, children, due to their tender age and immaturity, more often than not face difficulties in the process of giving evidence in court. The narration will impact on the process of adducing evidence from the children and consequently affect the credibility or probative value of the evidence tendered. This article shall further provide for some suggestions to be considered in respect of certain imprecision, perceived or otherwise, within the relevant laws.
Keywords: children evidence, immaturity, children right, Malaysian LawMakalah ini bertujuan untuk mengupas permasalahan dan kerumitan yang timbul dalam mengetengahkan keterangan kanak-kanak, dalam proses perbicaraan, dengan merujuk peruntukan undang-undang berkaitan yang sedia ada di Malaysia. Undang-undang secara umumnya mengiktiraf kemampuan dan kredibiliti kanak-kanak memberikan keterangan dalam perbicaraan di mahkamah. Namun demikian, disebabkan faktor umur dan ketidakmatangan, kanak-kanak selalu berhadapan dengan pelbagai kesukaran dalam memberikan keterangan semasa perbicaraan sekali gus berkemungkinan menjejaskan sama ada kredibiliti ataupun nilai keterangan mereka dari sudut perundangan. Oleh itu, artikel ini juga mengenal pasti dan membincangkan kaedah dan prosedur terbaik bagi memastikan kanak-kanak dapat memberikan keterangan dengan lancar dan tepat, tanpa dibayangi unsur takut, risau, trauma dan sebagainya.
Kata kunci: keterangan kanak-kanak, ketidakmatangan, hak kanak-kanak, undang-undang Malaysi
Penggubalan dan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Islam oleh Pemerintah: Satu Pandangan
No full textThere is an urgent need for a proper interpretation and understanding of Islamic law as a term under the jurisdiction of the government in its implementation of its Siyasah Shariah. A lack of understanding of the term and its position under the jurisdiction of the goverment would invite accusations that the law implemented by the governmentas is un-Islamic. This library-researched focuses on the issue of Islamic law as a term and its relationship with the government particularly in the legislation. The findings revealed that Islamic law has its own specific meaning and it has to come under the purview of the goverment, not of the people. Nevertheless, the government has to certain minimum requirements in order to enact and enforce the law as Islamic law, and to claim compliance from the people.
Keywords: Islamic law, legislation, extent of jurisdiction.Pemahaman yang betul tentang undang-undang Islam sebagai satu istilah dan bahawa ia terletak di bawah bidang kuasa pemerintah dalam melaksanakan Siasah Syariahnya adalah mendesak. Kefahaman yang kurang berkaitan dengan istilah itu dan kedudukannya di bawah pemerintah akan mengundang tohmahan bahawa undang-undang yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah itu sebagai tidak menepati kehendak syariat. Makalah yang menumpukan kajian secara perpustakaan ini mengupas persoalan undang-undang Islam dan hubungannya dengan pemerintah terutamanya dari segi penggubalan. Kajian mendapati undang-undang Islam adalah suatu istilah khusus yang mempunyai ruang lingkup makna yang tersendiri dan merupakan perkara pemerintah dan bukannya rakyat. Namun begitu, pemerintah tertakluk pada syarat minimum tertentu untuk menggubal dan menguatkuasakan perkara undang-undang tersebut bagi melayakkannya diberi label undang-undang Islam dan menuntut kepatuhan rakyat kepadanya.
Kata kunci: undang-undang Islam, penggubalan, takat bidang kuas
Lelongan Aset Kereta oleh Firma G-Mart dari Perspektif Islam
No full textThis study attempts to compare various practice in the process of the vehicle auction conducted by the G-MART firm in the light of the Syariah law. This study used a qualitative design whereby the data obtained through interviews observations of the firm. The data are then analysed from the perspective of Syariah law. The findings of the study show that the vehicle auction contract as conducted by G-MART which is in full compliance with the guidelines set by law, is also valid and acceptable from the perspective of Islamic law. Further, the current practice of the G-Mart firm fulfils the requirements of the Islamic law, but this has not been adequately highlighted.
Keywords: Islamic auction, vehicle auction, bid, Syariah lawTujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membandingkan beberapa amalan dalam proses lelongan aset kenderaan yang dijalankan oleh firma G-MART dengan kehendak syariah. Data kualitatif yang diperoleh melalui temu bual dan pemerhatian terhadap firma dianalisis untuk melihat aspek hukum syariah yang terdapat di dalamnya. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa cara lelongan aset kenderaan yang dijalankan oleh firma G-MART memenuhi garis panduan yang ditetapkan oleh undang-undang. Dari segi hukum syarak juga tidak terdapat sebarang masalah yang menjadikan kontrak lelongan tersebut tidak sah. Apa-apa yang telah diamalkan oleh firma pada masa kini telah memenuhi tuntutan hukum syarak, hanya kurang ditonjolkan asas amalannya dalam terminologi syarak.
Kata kunci: lelongan Islam, lelongan kenderaan, bida, undang-undang syaria
Kata Tanya Mana dalam Dialek Pulau Pinang dalam Program Minimalis
No full textThis article discusses the question form of mana in the Penang dialect of Malay using Minimalist approach. The data analysed in this article were taken from a field study carried out in the state of Penang. The data were obtained from recording respondents' conversations in the Penang dialect. Two research methods were employed namely library method and field method. The library method was used to collect information related to the question form and the field method to obtain data in the research area. The research area covered all districts within the state of Penang. The resulting data were analysed using the Minimalist Programme. The in-situ or moved question forms are linked to a feature of the question form of mana itself and also an OP feature that prevents its movement. As a result, this analysis concludes that mana in the Penang dialect does not behave as in-situ but it does move.
Keywords: question form, mana, Minimalist Programme, Penang dialectMakalah ini membincangkan kata tanya mana dalam dialek Pulau Pinang menggunakan pendekatan kerangka Program Minimalis. Data yang dianalisis dalam makalah ini diambil daripada kajian lapangan yang dilakukan di kawasan negeri Pulau Pinang. Data tersebut diperoleh dengan cara merakamkan perbualan responden yang menuturkan dialek Pulau Pinang. Dua kaedah kajian digunakan, iaitu kaedah pustaka dan kaedah lapangan. Kaedah pustaka digunakan untuk mengumpulkan maklumat yang berkaitan kata tanya dan kaedah lapangan untuk mendapatkan data di kawasan lapangan. Kawasan kajian meliputi semua daerah yang terdapat di sempadan politik negeri Pulau Pinang. Data yang telah dikumpulkan itu dicerakinkan dan dianalisis menggunakan Program Minimalis. Kata tanya yang bersifat in-situ ataupun bergerak dikaitkan dengan fitur yang dimiliki kata tanya mana itu sendiri dan juga fitur OP yang menghalang pergerakannya. Hasilnya, kata tanya mana dalam DPP tidak bersifat in-situ tetapi bergerak.
Kata kunci: kata tanya, mana, Program Minimalis, dialek Pulau Pinan