Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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Implikatur dalam Kes Pembunuhan Noritta: Analisis Teori Relevans
No full textSemantics is the study of meaning. Pragmatics is a complement to semantics as it interprets meaning beyond the literal. In pragmatics, context is vital and plays an important role in the interpretation of meaning. Relevance theory, which intergrates communication and cognition, is suitable in understanding courtroom proceedings and trials, especially when implicatures are involved. Even though in court only explicit and clear questions and answers are permitted to avoid misinterpretation, nevertheless implicatures still exist and need further interpretation. This article focuses of the trial of Haniff Basri who was accused of killing Noritta. The acused's lawyers successfully raised doubts and the accused (Hanif) thus escaped the death penalty. Relevance theory is applied in this study and proves that the manifested utterances are extremely important in order to avoid doubts that may affect the entire trial.
Keywords: implicatures, trial, literal, doubts, manifestationSemantik ialah kajian mengenai makna. Pragmatik merupakan ilmu pelengkap semantik kerana pragmatik merupakan ilmu yang mentafsirkan makna melangkaui makna harfiah. Pragmatik sangat mementingkan konteks dan berguna dalam menginterpretasikan ujaran. Teori Relevans yang menggabungkan komunikasi dan kognisi sesuai digunakan dalam memahami prosiding dan perbicaraan mahkamah terutama jika melibatkan ujaran implikatur. Meskipun mahkamah menetapkan hanya kebenaran dan makna yang jelas sahaja yang boleh diguna pakai bagi mengelakkan keraguan, namun wujud juga ujaran implisit yang perlu dicungkil daripada sesi soal jawab tersebut. Makalah ini membincangkan kes perbicaraan Hanif Basri yang dituduh membunuh Noritta. Ternyata peguam defendan berjaya menimbulkan keraguan terhadap kes ini sehingga tertuduh (Hanif) terlepas daripada hukuman mati. Teori Relevans diaplikasikan dalam kajian ini dan membuktikan bahawa ujaran yang bermanifestasi sangat penting bagi mengelakkan sebarang keraguan yang boleh memberikan kesan pada kes perbicaraan sepenuhnya.
Kata kunci: implikatur, perbicaraan, harfiah, keraguan, manifestas
"Proses" dalam Ayat Wacana : Representasi Pengalaman Dunia Penutur
No full textThis article proposes a notion that people present their experience of the world through language manifested through a "process" element in clauses. As such, analyzing the process element in clauses is an important first step to analyse how people present their experience of the world through language. For that purpose, this paper identifies and describes the types of process in Malay sentences or clauses. Identification of the types of process is based on the functional grammar framework that recognizes language as a human communication system, and looks at data from narrative discourse. From the analysis, seven types of main processes in Malay were identified. There are seven ways of how Malay language speakers present their experience of the world, using certain processes in clauses and sentences. These are active, situational, mental, existential, relational, descriptive, and verbal processes. The nature of each type of process is described and examples of usage are provided.
Keywords: process, clause, functional grammar, active process, mental process, situational process, experientialMakalah ini bertitik tolak daripada pandangan bahawa manusia bangkit dan mempersembahkan pengalaman dunia mereka melalui bahasa yang dimanifestasikan oleh unsur "proses" dalam klausa. Dengan demikian, analisis proses dalam klausa ialah langkah awal yang penting bagi meneliti cara manusia bangkit dan mempersembahkan pengalaman dunia mereka melalui bahasa. Makalah ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan menghuraikan jenis proses dalam klausa atau ayat Melayu. Pengenalpastian jenis proses berdasarkan pemikiran nahu fungsional yang mengiktiraf bahasa sebagai sistem komunikasi manusia dan memanfaatkan data wacana naratif. Daripada analisis, dikenal pasti dan ditafsirkan tujuh jenis proses utama dalam bahasa Melayu. Terdapat tujuh cara penutur bahasa Melayu bangkit dan mempersembahkan pengalaman dunia mereka melalui penggunaan proses tertentu dalam klausa dan ayat. Proses berkenaan ialah lakuan, keadaan, minda, kewujudan, pertalian, pemerian, dan verbal. Bagi setiap jenis proses itu dihuraikan sifat masing-masing serta contoh penggunaannya dalam wacana.
Kata kunci: proses, klausa, nahu fungsional, wacana, lakuan, minda, keadaan, kewujuda
Strategi Penterjemahan Nilai dan Kepercayaan dalam Novel Sungai Mengalir Lesu
No full textThis article discusses the translation of mentifact elements, namely beliefs and values, from Malay into English. The examination focuses on the strategies used for translating mentifacts as well as the factors affecting the choice of strategies. The data used for the analysis were taken from the novel Sungai Mengalir Lesu by A. Samad Said (1967), which had been translated by Aveling (1981). This study utilises the documentary and instrumental approaches as introduced by Nord (1997) to examine the translation strategies. The concept of situational meaning by Larson (1984), the definition of values and beliefs by Katan (2004), and the definition of mentifacts by Huxley (1957) have also been utilised in order to identify the values and beliefs elements, as well as the messages contained within those elements in the source text. It is revealed that the values and beliefs elements in the source language, which share a similar cultural semantic field with the values and beliefs in the target language tend to be conveyed back into the translated text using the documentary approach. On the other hand, the values and beliefs elements in the the source language, which do not exist in the target language's are often translated using the instrumental approach.
Keywords: culture; mentifacts; documentary translation; instrumental translationMakalah ini membincangkan penterjemahan mentifak unsur kepercayaan dan nilai daripada bahasa Melayu kepada bahasa Inggeris. Penelitian berfokus pada strategi terjemahan unsur kepercayaan dan nilai. Faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan strategi penterjemahan kepercayaan dan nilai ini turut dibincangkan. Data yang dianalisis dipetik daripada novel Sungai Mengalir Lesu, karya A. Samad Said (1967) yang telah diterjemahkan oleh Aveling (1981). Kajian ini memanfaatkan pendekatan dokumentari dan instrumental oleh Nord (1997) untuk meneliti strategi penterjemahan unsur kepercayaan dan nilai. Konsep makna situasi oleh Larson (1984), definisi nilai dan kepercayaan oleh Katan (2004) serta definisi mentifak oleh Huxley (1957) turut dimanfaatkan untuk mengenal pasti unsur nilai dan kepercayaan, serta mesejnya dalam teks sumber. Didapati bahawa unsur nilai dan kepercayaan dalam bahasa sumber yang berkongsi medan semantik budaya yang serupa dengan nilai dan kepercayaan dalam bahasa sasaran lebih cenderung disampaikan kembali dalam teks terjemahan melalui pendekatan dokumentari, manakala unsur nilai dan kepercayaan dalam bahasa sumber yang tidak wujud dalam bahasa sasaran lebih kerap diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan instrumental.
Kata kunci: budaya, mentifak, terjemahan dokumentari, terjemahan instrumenta
Adolescent Knowledge Indexes in Detektif Indigo
No full textTeenagers or adolescents today are more exposed to a variety of reading materials, whether produced by local or international publishers. Most of the novels revolve around the story of young love, friendship, family, school and natural life. Novels with a detective or investigation theme are also being produced to court young readers. The latter type of novels not only have their charm, but are also said to be able to hone young minds to think in-depth about current and global issues. Detektif Indigo (Indigo Detectives) is a novel in a series of detective novels written by Faisal Tehrani. It is about a group of youths calling themselves Detektif Indigo. The analysis will be using Peirce's Theory of Semiotics (1965) focusing on knowledge indexes regarding Islam, international relations, social relations and science in the novel. There are many aspects of knowledge that can be extracted from this work in order to shape young minds.
Keywords: Detektif Indigo, hero, heroism, heroic deeds, heroic age, Ethnocentris
Bersara tetapi Bekerja: Senario Pesara Malaysia pada Masa Hadapan
No full textMalaysia is expected to be an ageing nation by the year 2030. Life expectancy will have increased, making it important for the aged to be financially independent after retirement. This article seeks to address this issue by analysing the existing legal framework on retirement. This article also illustrates the efforts taken by the government in preparation for the increase in the number of senior citizens. However, it is felt that more is needed to be done in order to ensure the senior citizens are financially independent after retirement. Planning for retirement must start as early as possible.
Keywords: retirement, retiree, senior citizens, life expectancy, finance, planningMalaysia dijangka akan menjadi sebuah negara tua pada tahun 2030. Pada masa yang sama jangka hayat manusia telah meningkat, maka adalah penting untuk warga emas agar dapat berdikari dari segi kewangan selepas bersara. Makalah ini menganalisis peruntukan undang-undang yang sedia ada berkaitan dengan persaraan dalam menangani isu ini. Makalah ini juga menunjukkan langkah yang telah diambil oleh kerajaan sebagai persediaan untuk menghadapi pertambahan populasi warga emas ini. Walau bagaimanapun, banyak perkara yang perlu dilakukan bagi memastikan pesara ini dapat berdikari dari segi kewangan apabila mereka bersara. Perancangan untuk persaraan seharusnya dimulakan seawal mungkin.
Kata kunci: persaraan, pesara, warga emas, kewangan, perancanga
Undang-undang Kesihatan Pekerjaan di Malaysia: Apakah Selaras dengan Piawaian ILO
No full textHealthcare at the work place is not merely an employer's duty in an industry but, it is also an asset to attract workers' loyalty. In Malaysia, the Factory and Machinery Act 1967and its regulations was a good start in the development of occupational health laws. When the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 was drafted, this completed the laws by governing almost all industries and also imposes the liability of health and work safety, not only on employers, but also other parties. Nevertheless, a question arises whether this law conforms to the standard set out by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) through the Conventions. Hence, a qualitative analysis is undertaken on the relevant statutes in Malaysia, which govern the occupational health and safety protection, namely the above Acts supported by various regulations made thereunder. As common law is duly practised and applied in Malaysia was under section 3 and 5 Civil Law Act 1956, its relevance will also be discussed. While the ILO sets out certain standard or benchmark for workers' healthcare imposed through the Conventions, it is however, not compulsory for its member states to apply these Conventions. This article thus elaborates onhow the occupational health law in Malaysia is in harmony with the ILO despite the non-ratification of the said Conventions.
Keywords: healthcare, workplace, ILO ConventionsPenjagaan kesihatan di tempat kerja yang sempurna bukan sahaja merupakan satu liabiliti majikan dalam sesuatu industri tetapi juga aset sesebuah industri untuk menarik pekerja supaya setia berkhidmat. Di Malaysia, pembentukan Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 (AKJ 1967) dan peraturan di bawahnya merupakan satu permulaan yang baik dalam perkembangan penggubalan undang-undang kesihatan. Kemudian Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994 (AKKP 1994) pula dibentuk dan bersifat pelengkap untuk merangkumi peraturan umum kepada hampir semua jenis perusahaan dan meletakkan liabiliti menjaga keselamatan dan kesihatan kepada banyak pihak selain majikan. Walau bagaimanapun, persoalan timbul sama ada undangundang yang dibentuk ini memenuhi hasrat dan piawaian yang diletakkan oleh Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa (ILO) melalui konvensyennya. Oleh itu, satu analisis kualitatif dibuat terhadap statut berkaitan dengan perlindungan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di Malaysia, iaitu akta tersebut dan peraturannya. Perbincangan terhadap common law juga dibuat kerana pemakaian undang-undang ini dibenarkan di Malaysia di bawah Akta Undang-undang Sivil 1956. Objektif ILO untuk menetapkan piawaian yang tertentu bagi penjagaan kesihatan pekerja menerusi konvensyen yang diadakan di seluruh dunia, namun, pemakaian konvensyen ini tidak diwajibkan kepada mana-mana negara di dunia. Oleh yang demikian, makalah ini akan mengupas tentang undang-undang penjagaan kesihatan di Malaysia dan seterusnya mendapati bahawa ia adalah harmoni dengan ILO walaupun ratifikasi dibuat terhadap konvensyen tersebut.
Kata kunci: penjagaan kesihatan, tempat kerja, Konvensyen ILO
Minoriti Melayu Ayuthia dan Patani dalam Domain Keluarga, Bahasa, Budaya, Pendidikan, Pekerjaan, Sosial dan Politik
No full textThis paper aims to study the level of achievements of Ayuthia and Pattani Malay minorities in Thailand in the domains of family, language, culture, education, employment, society and politics. This study was conducted using a random sampling method in which the researchers had visited each minority; a number of respondents were chosen at random, and the data collection was carried out using prepared questionnaires. The respondents were Malay Muslim families from each minority group. The areas of study were Baan Phom in Ayuthia and Kampung Kuwing in Pattani. This study took about a year (January to December 2011) starting from the preparation of questionnaires until the final report. The results showed that the Patani Malay minority fared significantly better compared to the minority in Ayuthia in all domains. The Ayuthia Muslim community has lost its Malay identity as they have not retained the Malay language and culture.
Keywords: malay Minority, Ayuthia, Pattani, family, language, culture, education, employment, society, politicsMakalah ini bertujuan mengkaji tahap pencapaian minoriti Melayu Ayuthia dan Patani di Thailand dalam domain keluarga, bahasa, budaya, pendidikan, pekerjaan, sosial dan politik. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan kaedah pensampelan rawak. Para penyelidik melawat setiap minoriti dan memilih sebilangan responden secara rawak, dan pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan borang soal selidik yang telah disediakan. Responden terdiri daripada keluarga Melayu Islam dalam setiap minoriti tersebut. Kawasan kajian ialah perkampungan Baan Phom di Ayuthia dan Kampung Kuwing di Patani. Kajian ini telah mengambil masa selama satu tahun (Januari hingga Disember 2011) bermula daripada penyediaan borang soal selidik sehingga laporan akhir. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan minoriti Melayu Patani jauh lebih baik berbanding dengan Melayu Ayuthia dalam semua domain. Masyarakat Islam Ayuthia telah hilang kemelayuannya, tiada lagi bahasa dan budaya.
Kata kunci: minoriti Melayu, Ayuthia, Patani, keluarga, bahasa, budaya, pendidikan, pekerjaan, sosial, politi
The Concept of Qudwah Hasanah and Muslim Women's Roles in the Strengthening of the Ummah: An Analysis of Recent Malay Novels
No full textIn the contex of Islam, the concept of qudwah hasanah, that is, a good example or model, is not only applicable to men but also to women in society. Qudwah hasanah is important, for one, because it helps to strengthen the family institution, and the ummah as a whole. In line with this, women are equally responsible for realizing qudwah hasanah, especially since women are considered to be "educators" by nature. In many works of Malay literature in this country, Muslim women are presented as the central figures around which these works revolve. A great number of female characters in these works are shown to have exemplary characteristics. Because of this, the present study aims to examine the characteristics of qudwah hasanah in relation to the female characters in several recent Malay novels published by women authors, namely Baromkeh Matamu di Mataku (Baromkeh: Seeing Through Your Eyes) by Ummu Hani Abu Hassan, Seteguh Fikrah Saleha (As Strong as Saleha's Thought) by Aminah Mokhtar, Delima Ranting Senja (The Pomegranate of the Evening Branch) by Siti Zainon Ismail, Episod Cinta di Tanah Hijrah (Love in the Land of Migration) by Amaruszati Noor Rahim, and Lentera Mustika (Mustika's Lantern) by Nisah Haron. This study also examines the extent to which local women authors are able to create female Muslim characters in line with the concept of qudwah hasanah.
Keywords: qudwah hasanah, Muslim women, ummah, Malay novel
Penipuan, Rasuah dan Pencurian Maklumat dalam Urus Niaga Tanah: Cabaran dan Penyelesaian
No full textSeveral factors have been identified as contributing to the increase in the number of criminal cases in land dealings. These include the inherent weaknesses in the statutory provisions of the National Land Code 1965 (NLC), the practices at the land administration and registry that are not stable?. The electronic dealings registration system is yet to be fully developed in addition to lack of method for detecting land fraud, corruption and theft of information. The increase in cases of fraud has created a feeling of concern for the security of landowners registered title. This article analyses the problems and offers suggestions to overcome such problems. The proposed solutions are based on comparisons with current developments in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The solutions offered by Islamic law are also considered.
Keywords: fraud, corruption, theft of information, land dealings, solutionsBeberapa faktor telah dikenal pasti sebagai penyumbang kepada peningkatan jumlah bilangan kes jenayah dalam urus niaga tanah. Antaranya termasuklah, kelemahan peruntukan statutori yang wujud dalam Kanun Tanah Negara 1965 (KTN), pentadbiran pejabat pendaftaran tanah yang tidak mantap, sistem pendaftaran elektronik yang belum efisien sepenuhnya serta tiada kaedah dalam mengesan isu berhubung urus niaga, seperti gejala penipuan, rasuah dan pencurian maklumat. Peningkatan kes urus niaga ini menimbulkan rasa kebimbangan pemilik tanah terhadap keselamatan hak milik yang didaftarkan. Makalah ini ditulis bertujuan untuk menganalisis isu ini serta mencadangkan jalan penyelesaiannya. Cadangan penyelesaian berasaskan perbandingan perkembangan terkini undang-undang tanah di Australia, New Zealand dan Kanada. Penyelesaian tersebut juga mengambil kira kaedah perundangan menurut perspektif Islam.
Kata kunci: penipuan, rasuah, pencurian maklumat, urus niaga tanah, cadangan penyelesaia