Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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Kedudukan Tanah dan Sumber Hasil menurut Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia
No full textThe position of land in the Federal Constitution benchmarks the jurisdiction of the States and the Federal relating to land. The existence of a clear provision for that purpose guarantees States full authority over land and anything becomes part of land, unless provided otherwise. Nevertheless, Parliament can enact laws for the purpose of uniformity of the law. The National Land Code 1965 is one such example. This article examines the extent of State and Federal jurisdictions over land matters and the ensuing challenges. One of the challenges relates to the perception that the power of the State is being encroached. Hence several states have instituted policies that are clearly against the spirit of the decision of the National Land Council as an act of protest. Apart from a keen perusal of the legal provisions, this study has also referred to other secondary data. The findings revealed that even though some States may have land and other resources, the lack of capital and constraints in the law have resulted in less than optimum utilisation of resources. . There is a thus a need to review the policy on finance and law in order to help States improve their economic activities so as to increase their income.
Keywords: land, Federal Constitution, National Land Code 1965, water, tax, waqf, State Authority, local authority, National Land CouncilKedudukan tanah dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia dapat dijadikan penanda aras kedudukan sebenar bidang kuasa antara negeri dengan persekutuan. Pernyataan jelas tentang kuasa negeri terhadap tanah dan hasil mahsulnya dilihat dapat menjamin kuasa negeri berkaitan tanah. Walau bagaimanapun, Parlimen juga dibenarkan menggubal undang-undang antara lain bagi memastikan penyeragaman undang-undang antara negeri di Malaysia seperti Kanun Tanah Negara 1965. Makalah ini mengkaji kuasa yang diberikan kepada negeri dan persekutuan dalam mentadbir tanah dan hasil mahsulnya serta cabaran yang dihadapi. Antara cabarannya ialah sesetengah pihak melihat kuasa ngeri terhadap tanah semakin terhakis. Cubaan negeri membelakangi keputusan Majlis Tanah Negara dalam beberapa kes yang melibatkan polisi tanah merupakan satu tanda ketidakpuasan sesetengah negeri dalam hal ini. Selain merujuk peruntukan undang-undang, kajian ini juga merujuk data sekunder yang berkaitan. Kajian menunjukkan walaupun negeri mempunyai tanah dan hasil mahsulnya, tetapi kekangan undang-undang dan masalah kewangan menjadi halangan pihak negeri untuk memaksimumkan sumber hasil yang ada. Penilaian semula polisi kewangan dan memperbaik kekurangan undang-undang akan mampu membantu negeri menambah ekonomi mereka.
Kata kunci: tanah, Kanun Tanah Negara, , Perlembagaan Persekutuan, air, cukai, wakaf Pihak Berkuasa Negeri, Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan, Majlis Tanah Negar
Pendidikan Hak Asasi Manusia: Merangka Kurikulum dalam Konteks Malaysia
No full textHuman Rights Education (HRE) has become one of the most important elements in human development, and has been upgraded to form part of general education in some countries. However, HRE has never been the main focus for the Bachelor of Laws programme in local universities in Malaysia except at the University of Malaya. This article will discuss the relationship between HRE and social unity. The analysis is entirely theoretical in nature. This article shows that HRE is an important instrument in maintaining social unity. Further, this article will discuss what would be the best method in designing a HRE syllabus in the Malaysian context.
Keywords: education, human rights, social unity, MalaysiaPendidikan hak asasi manusia (PHAM) telah menjadi satu daripada komponen yang penting dalam pembangunan manusia dan telah dinaik taraf sebagai sebahagian daripada pendidikan umum di sesetengah negara. Sungguhpun begitu, PHAM tidak pernah menjadi tumpuan utama dalam program kurikulum Ijazah Sarjana Muda Undang-undang (Kepujian) di universiti tempatan di Malaysia, kecuali Universiti Malaya. Oleh itu, makalah ini akan membincangkan hubungan antara PHAM dengan perpaduan sosial. Analisis yang dilakukan disini bersifat teoritikal sepenuhnya dalam bentuk analisis pembacaan. Makalah ini menunjukkan bahawa PHAM merupakan instrumen yang penting dalam menyelenggara perpaduan sosial. Seterusnya, makalah ini akan membincangkan mengenai kaedah terbaik bagi merangka kurikulum PHAM dalam konteks negara Malaysia.
Kata kunci: pendidikan, hak asasi manusia, perpaduan sosial, Malaysi
Functus Officio: Sempadan "Terpakai" dan "Tidak Terpakai"
No full textOne of the most important aspects in legal management is related to "decision". Decision will lead the mission in matters related to actions to be taken, including in deciding appeal. This article discusses the finality of a decision which leads to a paramount discussion, that is "functus officio". For that purpose, this article will discuss the "functus officio" aspect from its concept, application (including its application in specific areas), implication, and its exceptions.
Keywords: functus officio, decision, adopted, not adoptedSalah satu aspek penting dalam pengurusan undang-undang adalah berkaitan dengan "keputusan". Sesuatu keputusan akan menetapkan hala tuju berkaitan tindakan yang akan diambil, termasuk dalam membuat rayuan. Makalah ini membincangkan kemuktamadan sesuatu keputusan yang membawa kepada persoalan utama perbincangan, iaitu "functus officio". Untuk tujuan itu, makalah ini membincangkan aspek "functus officio" dari segi konsep, pemakaian (termasuk pemakaian dalam bidang khusus), implikasi, serta pengecualiannya.
Kata kunci:functus officio, keputusan, terpakai, tidak terpaka
Akta Perhimpunan Aman 2012 (Akta 736): Analisis dari sudut Undang-undang Jenayah Islam dan Undang-undang Malaysia
No full textIncidents of violence that erupted during Bersih 3.0 on 28 April 2012 have resulted in several criticisms of the Malaysian legal system. Law enforcement in Malaysia is perceived as weak and has failed to constrain certain quarters from manipulating existing lacuna in the Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 (Act 736). Consequently, this paper aims to discuss various issues arising from the existence of this new Act. Several strengths and weaknesses as well as the application of the provisions of this act will be highlighted. The paper will then present a comparison between the implementation of this Act and that of Islamic criminal law. Finally, several recommendations for the improvement of the provisions of the existing laws are given in order to maintain peace and harmony in the country.
Keywords: peaceful assembly, rights, laws in MalaysiaInsiden keganasan yang tercetus sewaktu perhimpunan Bersih 3.0 pada 28 April 2012 yang lalu telah mengundang pelbagai kritikan terhadap kelemahan Sistem Perundangan Malaysia. Penguatkuasaan undang-undang Malaysia dikatakan lemah dan dilihat sebagai telah gagal untuk mengekang pihak tertentu yang bijak memanipulasi lakuna yang wujud dalam Akta Perhimpunan Aman 2012 (Akta 736). Sehubungan itu, penulisan ini bertujuan membincangkan pelbagai isu yang timbul daripada kewujudan Akta 736 ini. Seterusnya, beberapa kekuatan dan kelemahan peruntukan serta pengaplikasian akta ini turut dikenal pasti. Penulisan makalah ini juga membuat kajian perbandingan perlaksanaan Akta 736 dengan undang-undang jenayah Islam. Beberapa saranan turut diutarakan agar peruntukan undang-undang sedia ada dapat diperkemas demi memelihara keamanan dan keharmonian negara.
Kata kunci: perhimpunan aman, hak asasi, undang-undang Malaysi
Pengharmonian Prinsip Khiyar Al-Ru'yah dalam Transaksi Perniagaan di Malaysia
No full textIslam forbids lying, dishonesty, fraud and deceit in any business transaction. Islam also provides a practical solution for both parties involved in a dispute concerning supplying goods without quality, with the provision of haqq al-khiyar (the right to have an option or choice). Based on the principle of al-khiyar, any party who is not satisfied with the quality of the goods supplied based on the contract has the right to decide whether to proceed with or cancel the contract. This article discusses the principles of haqq khiyar al-ru'yah (option to cancel upon viewing) as one of the rights under Islamic law and its harmonisation with the principle of option for non-compliance with the description/sample in the Consumer Protection Act 1999. Harmonisation approach was adopted in analysing the similarities and differences between the principle of al-khiyar in Islamic law and the principle of option in the laws of Malaysia. The findings of the research reveal that both Islamic law and Malaysian law have given buyers the right to follow the principle of khiyar al-ru'yah in a contract, when certain conditions are fulfilled.
Keywords: principle of khiyar ru'yah, law of contract, Islamic law, harmonization of laws, non-compliance with the description or sample, laws of the Consumer Protection Act 1999Islam melarang berlakunya pembohongan, ketidakjujuran, pemalsuan dan tipu helah dalam mana-mana transaksi perniagaan. Islam telah menyediakan suatu penyelesaian yang praktikal bagi kedua-dua pihak yang terlibat dalam mana-mana perjanjian kontrak yang melibatkan pembekalan barangan tidak berkualiti, iaitu hak untuk memilih atau haqq al-khiyar. Berdasarkan prinsip al-khiyar, mana-mana pihak yang tidak berpuas hati dengan pembekalan barangan mengikut perjanjian kontrak dapat mempertimbangkan semula keputusannya sama ada meneruskan kontrak tersebut atau membatalkannya. Penulisan ini bertujuan membincangkan prinsip haqq khiyar al-ru'yah (hak pilihan pemerhatian) sebagai salah satu hak untuk memilih seperti yang diperuntukkan di bawah undang-undang Islam serta pengharmoniannya dengan prinsip pilihan bagi ketidakpatuhan terhadap perihalan atau sampel dalam Akta Pelindungan Pengguna 1999. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan harmonisasi, iaitu analisis dibuat terhadap persamaan dan perbezaan antara prinsip pilihan menurut undang-undang Islam dan dalam undang-undang Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua perundangan, iaitu undang-undang Islam dan undang-undang yang terpakai di Malaysia telah memberikan hak kepada pembeli untuk melaksanakan prinsip khiyar al-ru'yah dalam sesuatu kontrak dengan memenuhi beberapa syarat tertentu.
Kata kunci: prinsip khiyar ru'yah, undang-undang kontrak, undang-undang Islam, harmonisasi undang-undang, ketidakpatuhan terhadap perihalan atau sampel, Akta Perlindungan Pengguna 199
Keberkesanan Cerpen dalam Mempertingkatkan Prestasi Penulisan Karangan Bahasa Melayu dalam Kalangan Murid
No full textThis research analyses the effectiveness of literature texts to upgrade the performance of 64 average-achiever students in Form Two. This experimental research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the use of literature texts and conventional methods of teaching composition. Both groups were given two tests, namely pre-test and post-test to compare the performance of the overall composition, elaboration of points and sentence type. The research findings of the pre-test and post-test show that the teaching of composition using the literature texts is more effective than the conventional method.
Keywords: teaching of composition, writing composition performance; Literature texts; secondary school students; secondary school teachersKajian ini menganalisis keberkesanan penggunaan teks komsas terhadap prestasi penulisan karangan 64 orang murid tingkatan dua berpencapaian sederhana. Kajian berbentuk eksperimental ini dijalankan untuk membandingkan keberkesanan menggunakan teks komsas dengan kaedah pengajaran konvensional dalam pengajaran penulisan karangan. Kedua-dua kumpulan telah diberikan dua ujian, iaitu praujian dan pascaujian untuk membandingkan prestasi penulisan karangan dalam aspek karangan keseluruhan, aspek pengembangan isi karangan dan aspek penggunaan jenis ayat. Dapatan kajian daripada praujian dan pascaujian menunjukkan bahawa kaedah pengajaran penulisan karangan menggunakan teks komsas terbukti lebih berkesan berbanding dengan kaedah pengajaran konvensional terhadap prestasi penulisan karangan murid.
Kata kunci: Pengajaran Penulisan; Prestasi Penulisan Karangan; Teks Komsas; Murid Sekolah Menengah; Guru Sekolah Menenga
Penanda Wacana dalam Teks Melayu Lama Berunsur Sejarah
No full textThis paper aims to explore the various forms and functions of discourse markers in the Malay text, written in the early of 20th century. The text, Hikayat Johor serta Pahang was written by Mejar Dato Haji Mohd. Said Sulaiman. This study applied the model of cohesion that was proposed by Halliday dan Hasan (1995). According to Halliday dan Hasan, cohesion consists of two main categories; grammatical (reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunction), and lexical. In this model, conjunction (discourse marker) belongs to the grammatical category. This study found that discourse markers functions as event initiators and event connectors. Event initiators are marked by sebermula and al-kisah. Event connectors are expressed by three types of conjunctions: additive, causal and temporal. Temporal relations occur frequently in the text, like maka, maka apakala and apakala. Additive relations form the second most frequent, such as dan and bahawa. Finally, the least frequently used, marker are causal relations oleh itu, dalam hal itu, and dalam antara itu. This study also found that the use of discourse markers in the text is equivalent to that of other Malay classical text, which was produced in the 18th and 20th century. This study has also identified the existence of modern Malay style in the text through the use of discourse markers, such as dan and oleh itu.
Keywords: discourse marker, model of cohesion, lexical, grammaticalMakalah ini bertujuan untuk mencungkil pelbagai bentuk dan fungsi penanda wacana dalam teks Melayu, yang ditulis pada awal abad ke-20. Teks kajian ini, Hikayat Johor serta Pahang telah dikarang oleh Mejar Dato Haji Mohd. Said Sulaiman. Kajian ini mengaplikasi model kohesi yang pernah dicadangkan oleh Halliday dan Hasan (1995). Menurut Halliday dan Hasan, kohesi terdiri daripada dua kategori utama: gramatikal (rujukan, elipsis, penggantian, penghubung) dan leksikal. Dalam model ini, penghubung (penanda wacana) termasuk dalam kategori gramatikal. Hasil kajian mendapati penanda wacana dalam teks kajian ini berfungsi sebagai pemula peristiwa dan penyambung peristiwa. Pemula peristiwa ditandai oleh dua unsur penghubung, iaitu sebermula dan al-kisah. Penyambung peristiwa pula ditandai oleh tiga jenis penghubung, iaitu penambahan, sebab dan waktu. Penghubung waktu yang terbanyak ditemui dalam teks kajian ialah maka, maka apakala dan apakala. Penghubung penambahan menjadi yang kedua tertinggi dalam teks dan dan bahawa. Penghubung sebab, yang paling sedikit digunakan, iaitu oleh itu, dalam hal itu, dalam antara itu. Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa pola penggunaan penanda wacana dalam teks kajian ini menyamai teks Melayu lama yang lain, yang dihasilkan pada abad ke18 dan 20. Kajian ini telah mengenal pasti kewujudan gaya bahasa Melayu moden dalam teks kajian, melalui penggunaan penanda wacana yang tertentu seperti dan dan oleh itu
In Search for Canon of Singapore Malay Poetry: Reflection on Nature, Race, Religion and Love
No full textThis paper discusses selected poems by three generations of Malay writers in Singapore from the first generation poets who received their vernicular education during British colonial period, before Malayan Independence in 1957; to second generation writers who received Malay education when Singapore was part of Malaysia, 1957-1965 who established their poems in 1970s; and the third generation writers who received bilingual education who began to make impacts when Singapore become a Republic in 1980s. These iconic poems embody the easthetic as well as the cultural and political values of Malay society. It is an early attempt to define and search for canon of Singapore Malay poetry.
Keywords: literature, canon, poetry, Singapore, culture, identity, value
The English Language and Global Literary Influences on the Work of Shahnon Ahmad
No full textPostcolonial literary theory asserts that the colonial literature provides the models and sets the standards which writers and readers in the colonies may either imitate or resist. The major Malay author Shahnon Ahmad received his secondary and tertiary education in English and taught English at the beginning of his career. Drawing on his collection of essays Weltanschauung: Suatu Perjalanan Kreatif (2008), the paper argues that Shahnon was influenced at significant points in his literary development by his reading of literature in English and English translation-nineteenth century European and American short stories, the works of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and William Faulkner - but not by English (British) literature itself. Through his creation of original new works, focused on Malay society and directed towards Malay audiences, Shahnon was not a postcolonial subject but a participant in, and contributor to, the wider flow of world literature.
Keywords: postcolonial, Shanon Ahmad, English literature, literature in English, world literatur