Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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Penggunaan Simbol dalam Teks Ucapan Tunku Abdul Rahman: Analisis Teori Relevans
No full textThis is a descriptive study revealing the phenomenon of the language used by Tunku Abdul Rahman (First Prime Minister of Malaysia) using a corpus. The study was carried out to demonstrate that Tunku wisely used symbolism to convey his message to listeners. Symbols in the form of words and phrases are selected for analysis. The symbols used refer to concrete objects, and are already known to the listener. The use of objects in the message may help listeners to interpret the implicit meaning that is to be conveyed. The data were analysed based on the Relevance Theory of Sperber and Wilson (1986, 1995) which emphasizes the cognitive role, that is, involving context, context effects (cognitive) and the processing effort. The study finds that listeners would have been able to interpret the symbols used in the speeches with the meaning desired by Tunku.
Keywords: symbol, object, corpus study, relevance theoryKajian ini merupakan kajian deskriptif dengan mendedahkan fenomena penggunaan bahasa oleh Tunku Abdul Rahman (Perdana Menteri Malaysia Pertama) melalui kajian korpus. Kajian ini dilakukan bagi memperlihatkan kebijaksanaan Tunku menggunakan simbol untuk menyampaikan mesejnya kepada pendengar. Simbol dalam bentuk kata dan frasa dipilih untuk dianalisis. Simbol tersebut dirujuk kepada objek yang bersifat maujud dan berada dalam pengetahuan sedia ada atau catatan ensiklopedia pendengar. Penggunaan objek dalam penyampaian mesej ini dapat membantu pendengar menginterpretasi makna implisit yang ingin disampaikan. Penganalisisan data kajian ini dilakukan dengan berdasarkan Teori Relevans (TR) yang digagaskan oleh Sperber dan Wilson (1986, 1995) yang menekankan peranan kognitif, iaitu melibatkan konteks, kesan konteks (kognitif) dan usaha memproses. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa penggunaan simbol dalam ujaran mampu diinterpretasi oleh pendengar sebagaimana makna yang diinginkan oleh Tunku.
Kata Kunci: simbol, objek, kajian korpus, Teori Relevan
Aspek Kata Kerja dalam Dialek Melayu Sekadau: Suatu Pengenalan
No full textThis paper examines the aspects of verbs in the Malay Sekadau dialect by looking at the verb roots, as well as active, passive and anti-passive markers. The dialect is spoken in Sekadau, which is located about 300 km from Pontianak-the capital city of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this area, the Sekadau Malay dialect functions as the lingua franca for the community. Here, this dialect is the mother tongue of the Malays, and the language of interaction for the Chinese and Dayaks. So far, there have only been a few studies attempting to discuss verbs in Sekadau Malay. This study finds that a noun can be transformed into a verb without any morphological change; the N- prefix is an active marker; the prefix d- is a passive marker, while the prefix be- is an antipassive marker.
Keywords: Sekadau Malay dialect, verbs, active, passive, antipassiveMakalah ini menghuraikan aspek kata kerja dalam Dialek Melayu Sekadau (DMS) dengan melihat aspek kata akar kata kerja, penanda aktif, pasif dan antipasif. Dialek ini dituturkan di Daerah Sekadau terletak kira-kira 300 km dari Bandar Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Di daerah ini, DMS berfungsi sebagai lingua franca tempatan. Dialek ini merupakan bahasa ibunda untuk suku Melayu, bahasa interaksi oleh suku Cina dan Dayak. Setakat ini, hanya sedikit penelitian yang berkaitan dengan DMS atas faktor lokasinya yang terletak jauh di kawasan pedalaman. Kajian ini menemukan bahawa kata nama dapat beralih kepada kata kerja tanpa perubahan morfologikal; prefiks N- merupakan penanda aktif sementara prefiks d- adalah penanda pasifnya. Prefiks be- pula adalah penanda antipasif dalam DMS.
Kata Kunci: dialek Melayu Sekadau, kata kerja, aktif, pasif, antipasi
Kepentingan Geolinguistik dalam Keberdayaan Etnolinguistik Melayu Singapura
No full textThis research investigates the influence geolinguistics has on the ethnolinguistic vitality of Malays in Singapore using a sociological approach. Data were collected objectively based on sociological, economic, demographic and historical resources from censuses, research documents, and reports, as well as direct and indirect observations on the language and literary environment in Singapore. Data were analyzed following the theoretical framework of Giles et al. (1977)'s ethnolinguistic vitality in which status, demography, institutional support, and geography are identified as factors that affect the vitality of a group. The outcome of the analysis shows the vitality of the Malay language is in the range of low to medium, and there is a possibility of moving towards language deficit. However, there is strong support from informal organizations that contribute to the survival of Malay ethnic identity but this support is insufficient to safeguard the interests of the Malays together with the importance of the Malay language in Singapore. Geolinguistics is found to be the most important factor in ensuring that Malay remains relevant and continues to be used beyond its cultural sphere.
Keywords: geolinguistics, ethnolinguistic vitality, linguapolitics, language maintenance, language shift, language policy, ethnicity.Kajian ini meneliti kepentingan geolinguistik dalam mempengaruhi tahap keberdayaan bahasa dan bangsa Melayu di Singapura dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi, iaitu teori keberdayaan etnolinguistik (Giles et al., 1977). Data dikumpul secara objektif melalui sumber sosiologi, ekonomi, demografi dan sejarah yang didapati daripada banci penduduk, dokumen kajian dan laporan. Kajian ini juga melibatkan pemerhatian terhadap kesekitaran bahasa dan persuratan Singapura. Bahan dianalisis mengikut rangka kerja teori tersebut yang menilai prestasi bahan berdasarkan empat faktor keberdayaan, iaitu status, demografi, sokongan institusi, dan geografi. Kajian ini mendapati kedudukan bahasa Melayu di Singapura dalam lingkungan rendah hingga sederhana, iaitu bahasa ini berpotensi bergerak ke arah defisit bahasa. Namun demikian, sokongan kukuh institusi tidak formal menyumbang kepada pengekalan etnisiti Melayu walaupun tidak mencukupi untuk memelihara kepentingan bangsa dan bahasa Melayu di Singapura. Hubungan geolinguistik didapati sangat penting dalam memastikan bahasa Melayu di Singapura kekal relevan dan digunakan di luar lingkungan budaya.
Kata kunci: geolinguistik, keberdayaan etnolinguistik, linguapolitik, pengekalan bahasa, perubahan bahasa, dasar bahasa, etnisiti
Socio-Cultural Problems of the Malay Community in Singapore and in Penang: A Study of Kilat Senja and Aci Patmabi
No full textThe way of life of the Malay community cannot be separated from its traditional kampung or rural life, which forms the earliest template of life as family, community and nation, from the earliest stages to the developments of today.Changes over time have given rise to corresponding changes in the kampung, transforming them into advanced, modern towns and cities. This phenomenon occurred in Singapore and Penang, two cosmopolitan states of the Straits Settlements with close historical links.What occurred in Singapore may be discovered in Penang as well. The phenomena or dilemma of "cultural aridity" in Singapore (Lily Zubaidah Rahim, 2004) may have similarities with the problem of "urban sprawl" in Penang (Norizan Md Nor, 2012). On this premis, initiallythe article discusses Hadijah Rahmat's Kilat Senja (2005). Do the socio-cultural issues of the Malay community in Singapore also occur in Penang? The answer to this question may be explicitly and implicitly resolved in Azmi Iskandar Merican's work, Aci Patmabi (2012). Subsequently the article raises and explores a variety of questions on the course of socio-cultural developments of the Malay community in Singapore and Penang.
Keywords: socio-cultural issues, cultural aridity, urban sprawl, Singapore, Penan
The Figurative Language in the Poetic Diction of Masuri S.N. and A. Samad Said: A Comparison
No full textThe beauty of a poem depends on the poet's choice of words-his diction-in expressing what his thoughts. Poetic diction is the careful choice of the most apt, beautiful and accurate words to express all kinds of things. A poet's choice of words is closely connected to euphony and the arrangement of words in a certain sequence by the poet. Diction is also closely related to figurative language, that is, the expressions chosen by a poet to beautify his poem, to enhance its effect, and to create certain connotations in it. Careful choice of words, with emphasis on figurative language, or metaphorical expressions, will cause a poem to be beautiful and contain layers of meaning. The approach used here is to look at the choice of words and figurative language in the works of two eminent writers from Malaysia and Singapore, namely A. Samad Said and Masuri S.N. A close comparison of their works will be made to study the strengths and weaknesses of the diction and figurative language in their poems.
Keywords: diction, figurative, effect, connotations, beaut
Kesihatan dan Keselamatan Makanan: Kesedaran Pengguna dan Peruntukan Perundangan
No full textThe scope of human environmental health laws generally talks about the relationship between human beings and their health environment which amongst others cover enacting laws relating to health and personal safety of an individual. Every individual is a consumer and should be protected. This article focuses on three areas which are food, food handlers and food premises. This research found out that areas relating to food, food mangers and food premises have been legislated with the hope that cleanliness, health and safety of every consumer are guaranteed and at the same time these laws are able to create uniformity in daily way of life of an individual and able to cultivate good practices in their life. The three areas that are legislated are not intended to create problems or hinder economic activities or tie up human freedom in making choices but rather to create clean, healthy and safe environment to consumers and to inculcate awareness about individual's rights as a consumer besides understanding the meaning of peaceful life.
Keywords: consumer, food premises, food contents, food handlers, food legislationRuang lingkup perundangan kesihatan persekitaran manusia secara umumnya memperkatakan hubungan antara manusia dengan persekitarannya dan ini antara lainnya termasuklah memperundangkan perkara berkaitan dengan kesihatan dan keselamatan diri setiap orang. Setiap orang merupakan pengguna dan harus diberikan perlindungan. Tiga perkara yang diberikan tumpuan dalam makalah ini ialah makanan, pengendali makanan dan premis makan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa perkara mengenai makanan, pengendali makanan dan premis makanan telah diperundangkan dengan harapan, kebersihan, kesihatan dan keselamatan setiap pengguna terjamin. Pada masa yang sama keadaan ini dapat mewujudkan keseragaman gaya hidup seharian setiap orang dan membudayakan amalan baik dalam kehidupan. Tiga perkara yang diperundangkan itu tidak bertujuan untuk menimbulkan masalah, menyekat aktiviti ekonomi atau mengikat kebebasan manusia membuat pilihan, tetapi bertujuan mewujudkan persekitaran yang bersih, sihat dan selamat untuk pengguna. Selain itu, dapat menimbulkan kesedaran tentang hak seseorang selaku pengguna di samping memahami erti kesejahteraan hidup.
Kata kunci: pengguna, premis makanan, kandungan makanan, pengendali makanan, perundangan makana
Analisis Frekuensi Asas (F0) Bunyi Vokal Bahasa Melayu: Pencerakinan Berdasarkan Fonetik Akustik
No full textImpressionistic studies by local linguists to determine the difference in vowel production based on gender have not yet been conclusive. Previous studies of Malay vowels are more on the general tone (description of vowel patterns without specifying the differences between men and women). This phonetics research utilizes the spectrographic method to study the acoustic traits of Malay vowels according to gender. A total of five male and five female native speakers were chosen as subjects. Some sample utterances were recorded and then analysed spectrographically using the software, Praat. The research was focused on the fundamental frequency (F0). F0 is the acoustic signal indicating the pitch level of the sound wave, and also the lowest frequency or first harmonic of a periodic waveform. The findings of this study emphasize that there is a significant difference of the F0 between the production of vowel sounds of males and females. This study is expected to clarify the acoustic features of Malay vowels.
Keywords: phonetics, acoustics, fundamental frequency, genderKajian berdasarkan impresionistik oleh ahli linguistik tempatan Malaysia masih belum mencapai satu ketentuan yang tepat dalam menentukan perbezaan penghasilan bunyi vokal mengikut gender. Kajian terdahulu tentang bunyi vokal bahasa Melayu lebih bersifat umum (huraian pola bunyi vokal tanpa menyatakan perbezaan antara lelaki dengan perempuan). Makalah ini merupakan kajian dalam bidang fonetik yang memanfaatkan kaedah spektrograf untuk meneliti sifat akustik bunyi vokal bahasa Melayu berdasarkan gender. Seramai lima orang penutur lelaki dan lima penutur perempuan dewasa telah dipilih sebagai sebagai subjek. Beberapa sampel ujaran telah dirakam dan kemudiannya dianalisis secara spektrografik dengan menggunakan perisian Praat. Tumpuan kajian adalah pada isyarat akustik, iaitu frekuensi asas (F0). F0 merupakan isyarat akustik yang menunjukkan tahap kelangsingan (pitch) gelombang bunyi. F0 merupakan frekuensi terendah atau harmonik pertama pada signal gelombang periodik. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan F0 yang signifikan antara penghasilan bunyi vokal lelaki dengan perempuan. Kajian ini diharap dapat memperjelas sifatakustik bunyi vokal bahasa Melayu.
Kata kunci: fonetik, akustik, frekuensi asas, gender, kelangsinga
Preserving Singapore-Johor-Riau Literature
No full textA study of the connection between the literature of three areas (Singapore, Johor and Riau) was begun in 1987. The spirit and vision of these three areas was followed up with activities that accelerated the regional development of language, literature and culture. Dialog Selatan (Southern Dialogue) and meetings of scholars and intellectuals were among initiatives undertaken to reach a common goal towards preservation. What is the hope and aspiration behind these literary activities? This article explores initiatives taken and challenges faced by the three areas in preserving their literary ties throughout the 1990s. This article also introduces the efforts made to collect manuscripts and artifacts of Riau literature in Singapore, with the hope that it will open up ways for continued efforts towards the culture of research on materials in literature.
Keywords: Southern Dialogue, Riau, Singapor
Sastera dan Budaya Niaga dalam Masyarakat Nusantara pada Abad Transisi Tradisional-Moden
No full textThe essay is an attempt to examine the socio-cultural changes in malay society brought about by its commercial engagement in the 17th-19h century Malay world, as reflected in various works of literature. The period may also be termed as the "transitional era", so-called because it manifested a significant shift or progression from tradition to modernity, affecting the various facets of Malay society - culture, politic, economy. Theoretically and pragmatically, works of literature are the best documentation of Malay society and subsequently become the ideal yardstick to measure and evaluate changes in attitudes, values and perceptions of the society in its encounter with the commercial culture that emerged during the transitional era. These changes are traceable not only in the mutation of the literary convention but also manifested through themes and issues relating to Malay partcipation in the "money" culture. Hikayat Nakhoda Muda (17th century text from bencoolin) relates the involvement of a Minangkabau family in the pepper trade in sumatera; Hikayat Ranto (18th century text from Aceh) highlights the sosio-cultural issues emerging from Acehnese involvement in pepper plantation; Syair Sinyor Kosta (a 19th century text from Palembang/riau) on the other hand, displays the author's tendency to break genre convention to accomodate with the new democratic, liberal and cosmopolitan trading society.
Keywords: transitional period, transitional genres, genre convention, mercantile culture, cosmopolitan societyMakalah ini meneliti perubahan sosiobudaya masyarakat Nusantara akibat pertembungannya dengan aktiviti perdagangan pada abad ke-17 hingga 19 seperti yang dicerminkan dan dicernakan dalam karya sastera. Abad tersebut dapat dianggap sebagai abad transisi-budaya, politik dan ekonomi tempatan, dari tradisional ke moden. Secara teori dan pragmatiknya, teks sastera menjadi dokumen zaman dan sekali gus kayu tara yang terbaik untuk meneliti dan mengukur perubahan sikap, nilai dan persepsi masyarakat dalam pertembungannya dengan budaya niaga yang muncul pada abad transisi tradisional-moden ini. Perubahan tersebut bukan sahaja dapat dilihat daripada perombakan terhadap konvensi genre (bentuk, tema, latar, watak) tetapi juga daripada penampilan isu ekonomi dan sosial yang lahir natijah daripada penglibatan manusia Nusantara dalam budaya wang. Hikayat Nakhoda Muda, teks abad ke-18 dari Lais, Bangkahulu/Benkulin, contohnya memaparkan penglibatan sebuah keluarga Minangkabau dari Semangka/Lampong dalam perdagangan lada di Sumatera; Hikayat Ranto, teks abad ke-18 dari daerah Aceh, pula menukil isu sosial yang timbul daripada penglibatan Aceh dengan budaya wang. Syair Sinyor Kosta - teks abad ke-19 dari Palembang/Riau, memperlihatkan kecenderungan pengarangnya yang menarik dan radikal untuk merombak konvensi genre (roman) dan bentuk genre (syair) untuk mencermin dan menyesuaikannya dengan budaya niaga yang lebih demokratik, liberal dan kosmopolitan.
Kata kunci: Nusantara, abad transisi, budaya niaga, masyarakat kosmopolitan, genre transis
