Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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The Special Position of the Great Works of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam in Malay Literary History
No full textThe glorious days of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam during the 17th century gave rise to a form of writing that specifically provided advice and guidance on governance to the king and officials, or Mirrors for Rulers, namely Taj al-Salatin (1604) and Bustan al-Salatin (1638). Copies of which were composed during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah (1589-1604), Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam (1606-1636) and Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641) characterized the greatness of the civilization and political power possessed by the Sultanate of Aceh then. However, the position of Taj al-Salatin as the earliest Mirrors for Rulers in Aceh can now be challenged by the discovery of two Nasihat al-Muluk manuscripts, written by Imam al-Ghazali and Sheikh Hussain Wa'iz al-Kashifi, bringing the total to four works in the Malay literary history. All four copies of the Jawi manuscripts hold their own unique traits.
Keywords: Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam, Mirrors for Rulers, Taj al-Salatin, Bustan al-Salatin and Nasihat al-Muluk, Malay literary history, Jawi manuscriptsPada zaman kegemilangan Kesultanan Aceh Darussalam pada abad ke-17, lahirnya suatu bentuk penulisan yang khusus memberikan nasihat dan panduan tentang pemerintahan kepada raja dan para pembesar yang dikenali sebagai adab ketatanegaraan, iaitu Taj al-Salatin (1604) dan Bustan al-Salatin (1638). Naskhah yang lahir pada zaman pemerintahan Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah (1589-1604), Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam (1606-1636) dan Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641) mencirikan sebahagian daripada keunggulan peradaban dan teras kekuatan politik pemerintahan raja Aceh pada masa lalu. Walau bagaimanapun, kedudukan Taj al-Salatin sebagai karya adab ketatanegaraan terawal di Aceh kini boleh dipersoalkan dengan penemuan dua buah naskhah Nasihat al-Muluk nukilan Imam al-Ghazali dan Syeikh Husain Wa'iz al-Kashifi yang menjadikan jumlahnya kepada empat buah karya dalam sejarah persuratan Melayu Aceh. Keempat-empat buah naskhah manuskrip Jawi tersebut memiliki ciri keistimewaannya yang tersendiri.
Kata kunci: Kesultanan Aceh Darussalam, adab ketatanegaraan, Taj al-Salatin, Bustan al-Salatin dan Nasihat al-Muluk, sejarah persuratan Melayu, manuskrip Jaw
Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara: Manuscript of a Malay's Panji Tale
No full textThis article discusses the manuscript of Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara, a Malay panji tale held in the collection of the Pusat Dokumentasi Melayu in Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, under the call number MS 46. To date, no studies or critiques have been published about this manuscript. Through transliteration of the text and analysis of its content, any features of Malay panji tales it contains can be assessed by considering three basic differences between Javanese and Malay panji tales, that is, by referring to existing classifications, language use and local elements. Based on the abovementioned method of research, the researcher also aims to scrutinize, identify and discuss the features of Malay panji tales that are found in Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara and other Malay panji tales, namely Hikayat Misa Taman Jayeng Kesuma and Hikayat Chakel Waneng Pati. This is to invite further discussion of Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara in the study of Malay literature.
Keywords: Panji tales, Malay panji tales, Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara, features of Malay panji tales, language use, local elementsMakalah ini membincangkan teks manuskrip cerita panji Melayu yang didokumentasikan di Pusat Dokumentasi Melayu, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur yang berjudul Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara, nombor kelas MS46. Sehingga kini, tiada lagi kajian manuskrip atau kritikan yang dilakukan bagi menilai naskhah cerita panji Melayu Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara. Melalui kaedah transliterasi teks dan analisis kandungan, maka ciri-ciri Panji Melayu dapat dicerakinkan dengan mengambil kira tiga dasar pembahagian antara cerita panji Jawa dengan cerita panji Melayu, iaitu pembahagian sedia ada, penggunaan bahasa dan unsur tempatan. Berdasarkan kaedah penyelidikan yang telah dinyatakan maka penulisan makalah ini bermatlamat untuk meneliti, mengenal pasti dan membincangkan ciri-ciri Panji Melayu yang terkandung dalam teks Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara dengan cerita panji Melayu yang lain, iaitu Hikayat Misa Taman Jayeng Kesuma dan Hikayat Chakel Waneng Pati. Selanjutnya membuka ruang perbincangan tentang cerita panji Melayu Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara dalam kajian kesusasteraan Melayu.
Kata kunci: cerita Panji, cerita panji Melayu, Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara, ciri panji Melayu, penggunaan bahasa, unsur tempata
Dimensi Jihad dalam Perjuangan Pahlawan Melayu Menentang Penjajah di Pahang
No full textThis article discusses the struggle against colonialism in Pahang in relation to the doctrine of Jihad in Islam. The study was carried out using data gleaned from literature and analysed in an inductive, deductive and comparative manner. The results of this study show that there is an element of Jihad in the struggle of the Malay warriors of Pahang to defend their fatherland.This is the result of the strong Islamic influence in Pahang, the presence of ulama (religious scholars), and circumstances of the time.
Keywords: struggle, colonialism, Jihad, ulama, PahangMakalah ini membicarakan perjuangan menentang penjajah di Pahang dengan memfokuskan hubung kait perjuangan yang berlaku dengan doktrin jihad dalam Islam. Tinjauan dilakukan menggunakan data kepustakaan yang dianalisis secara induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa elemen jihad wujud dalam perjuangan pahlawan Melayu di Pahang untuk mempertahankan tanah airnya. Doktrin tersebut lahir kesan penyebaran ilmu Islam yang berkembang dan kukuh di Pahang, wujudnya jaringan ulama dan karya mereka, serta faktor keadaan zaman.
Kata kunci: perjuangan, penjajah, jihad, ulama, Pahan
Migrasi Masyarakat Luar Dan Pengaruh Dialek Di Perak : Analisis Geolinguistik
No full textBeing a border state, a great variety of dialects and subdialects exist in Perak. However, dialectal influence is not due to location alone. The migration of non-local communities from other areas of the Malay Peninsula has increased the number of Malay dialects in the northern and southern parts of this state. This study was carried out completely through field work involving 58 villages in five districts, and seeks to enumerate the linguistic and non-linguistic factors-in brief, the geolinguistic factors-in dialect variation in Perak. This research was also carried out using GIS technology. GIS is able to further explain the spatial factor in the migration of non-local communities to Perak based on the evidence of lexical data such as air (water), saya (I/me), datuk (grandfather), nenek (grandmother), kamu (you), besar (big), anjing (dog), betis (calf [part of the leg]) and mentah (raw) that clearly show the influences of the Patani Malay, Banjar, Javanese, and Minang dialects. Furthermore, the easily accessible geographical locations of Larut Matang and Selama, Hulu Perak, Kerian, Hilir Perak and Batang Padang, facilitates the settlement of non-local or immigrant communities in these areas. The existence of GIS technology aids in shedding light on dialect dispersal in Perak. Geographical, historical and economical factors, combined with this technology, provide a clearer and more systematic explanation of the spread of dialects.
Keywords: migration, lexical, geographical dialect, GIS, spatialPengaruh persempadanan negeri telah menjadikan Perak sebagai sebuah negeri yang rencam dengan pelbagai dialek mahupun subdialek. Perak bukan sahaja menerima pengaruh dialek luar melalui persempadanan, malahan migrasi masyarakat luar daripada lingkungan Tanah Melayu juga merencamkan lagi dialek Melayu di bahagian utara dan selatan negeri ini. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah lapangan sepenuhnya, iaitu melibatkan sebanyak 58 buah kampung di lima daerah di Perak dengan menghuraikan faktor linguistik dan bukan linguistik atau ringkasnya geolinguistik dalam pemerhatian terhadap fenomena kerencaman dialek di Perak. Kajian ini juga mengaplikasikan teknologi GIS. Pengaplikasian GIS dilihat dapat menjelaskan lagi faktor reruang dalam penghijrahan masyarakat luar ke negeri Perak berdasarkan bukti-bukti data leksikal seperti 'air', 'saya', 'datuk', 'nenek', 'kamu', 'besar', 'anjing', 'betis' dan 'mentah' yang jelas memperlihatkan pengaruh daripada dialek Melayu Patani, dialek Banjar, dialek Jawa dan dialek Minang. Ditambah pula, keadaan geografi kawasan Larut Matang dan Selama, Hulu Perak, Kerian, Hilir Perak dan Batang Padang yang memudahkan dan membuka ruang kepada masyarakat luar atau pendatang ini untuk datang membina petempatan di kawasan-kawasan ini. Ternyata kehadiran teknologi GIS telah memudahkan lagi penerangan mengenai penyebaran dialek di Perak. Faktor geografi, sejarah, ekonomi telah diintegrasikan dengan teknologi bagi mendapatkan penjelasan yang berpada tentang penyebaran dialek dengan lebih sistematik.
Kata kunci: migrasi, leksikal, dialek geografi, GIS, ruang (spatial
Pendekatan Mahkamah Menjatuhkan Hukuman terhadap Kesalahan Zina dan Implikasinya kepada Wanita dan Kanak-kanak: Kajian Kes di Sudan
No full textThis article discusses adultery and rape cases in Sudan. Adultery is proven through a woman's pregnancy without the need for further proof, putting the woman in a situation that can be considered unjust, as she is considered to have committed adultery even when she could have been the victim of rape. Furthermore, rape is categorized as a form of adultery, and the courts' approach is the same, i.e. there is a requirement to bring four witnesses. As a result, rapists usually escape punishment. The suggestion is that rape should be categorized as a ta'zir offence, while the requirement for four witnesses should be done away with, while DNA evidence, witness testimony and medical reports should be made admissible to enable the punishment of rapists in a manner that will requite the suffering of the victims.
Keywords: court, Islamic criminal law, rape, adulteryMakalah ini membincangkan kes mahkamah bagi kesalahan zina dan rogol yang berlaku di Sudan. Kaedah pembuktian bagi kesalahan zina yang dibuat menerusi bukti kehamilan seseorang wanita tanpa disokong oleh bukti lain telah meletakkan wanita dalam situasi yang boleh dianggap sebagai kurang adil kerana dianggap melakukan zina, walhal berkemungkinan dirogol. Pengkategorian kesalahan rogol sebagai salah satu bentuk kesalahan zina dan pendekatan mahkamah yang menggunakan kaedah pembuktian yang sama, iaitu mengemukakan empat orang saksi menyebabkan perogol terlepas daripada hukuman. Cadangan agar jenayah rogol dikategorikan sebagai salah satu kesalahan takzir dan menghadirkan empat orang saksi diubah kepada menerima pakai kaedah pembuktian ujian DNA, keterangan mangsa dan laporan perubatan agar perogol menerima hukuman berat yang setimpal dengan kekejaman terhadap mangsa bagi menyelesaikan kes rogol di Sudan.
Kata kunci: mahkamah, undang-undang jenayah, rogol, zin
Ulasan Kes: Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan lwn Sri Kamusan Sdn. Bhd. [2014] 9 CLJ 825
No full textMantera dalam Perawatan Tradisional Melayu di Kedah: Analisis menurut Perspektif Akidah Islam
No full textMalay traditional treatment has long existed and has evolved in the Malay archipelago. A pilot survey which was conducted found a total of 18 traditional practitioners used mantra in their treatment. This paper examines the practice of mantra treatment and its relation from the perspective of Islamic faith. Efforts in treatment should be in line with the teaching of Islamic faith because the principles of monotheism in Islam need to be preserved from idolatry, superstition and delusion. As this research uses qualitative approach, library research and field studies were conducted to obtain data. Interviews and participant observation methods were also used. The study found that most of the practitioners of traditional treatments in Kedah were directly associated with asking for help from supernatural creatures such as genie, spirits and etc. Patients are advised to investigate carefully before getting treatment in order to avoid traditional treatments which are against the Islamic teaching.
Keywords: practice mantra, traditional treatment, medicine men, faithPerawatan tradisional Melayu telah lama wujud dan berkembang di Nusantara. Tinjauan awal mendapati seramai 18 orang pengamal perawatan tradisional di sekitar negeri Kedah menggunakan kaedah amalan mantera dalam perawatan. Makalah ini meneliti amalan mantera dari sudut cara rawatan dan kaitannya menurut perspektif akidah Islam. Ikhtiar rawatan perlulah selari dengan kehendak Islam kerana akidah tauhid merupakan perkara asas yang perlu dipelihara daripada unsur syirik, khurafat dan tahyul. Oleh sebab kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif, kaedah pengumpulan data kepustakaan dan kajian lapangan digunakan untuk memperoleh data. Temu bual dan kaedah pemerhatian turut serta digunakan. Hasil kajian mendapati pengamal perawatan tradisional Melayu di Kedah kebanyakannya mempunyai perkaitan secara langsung dengan permintaan untuk mendapatkan bantuan dan pertolongan daripada makhluk ghaib seperti khadam, jin dan sebagainya. Pesakit disarankan menyelidiki dahulu kaedah rawatan yang digunakan supaya tidak terjebak dalam perawatan tradisional yang bercanggah dengan syariat Islam.
Kata kunci: amalan mantera, rawatan tradisional Melayu, bomoh, akida
Sistem Fonologi Dialek Melayu Saribas Berasaskan Fonologi Generatif
No full textThis study employs a qualitative descriptive approach and applying the field research to describe the vowel and consonant inventory of Saribas Malay dialect (DMSbs). The data was collected from ten native speakers of DMSbs in Saratok, Sarawak, using audio recordings. The data shows the existence of only two forms of diphthongs in the surface structure: [ay] and [oy], while the diphthong [aw] only exists in the deep structure. There are two forms of diphthongs in DMSbs. The findings of this study show that the consonant system of DMSbs has special features that are not found in the other Malay dialects, which is the existence of the phoneme /ɣ/, which is produced as a fricative from the dorsal point of articulation. The liquid consonant /l/ and the velar fricative /ɣ/ are not permitted in the coda, as in other Malay dialects. In contrast, the Malay dialects of Kuching and Rejang permit the presence of both phonemes in the coda.
Keywords: vocal, consonant, diphthong, underlying structure, surface structureKajian deskriptif ini menghuraikan sistem fonologi dialek Melayu Saribas (DMSbs). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan mengaplikasikan kaedah kajian lapangan. Pengumpulan data linguistik DMSbs diperoleh daripada sepuluh orang penutur jati DMSbs di pekan Saratok, Sarawak melalui rakaman perbualan audio. Data DMSbs memperlihatkan kewujudan dua bentuk diftong sahaja dalam struktur permukaan, iaitu [ay] dan [oy], manakala diftong [aw] hanya wujud dalam struktur dalaman. Diftong dalam DMSbs terdiri daripada dua bentuk, iaitu kata asal dan pendiftongan. Sistem konsonan DMSbs turut mempunyai ciri-ciri khusus yang tidak ada pada dialek Melayu lain, iaitu kewujudan fonem /ɣ/ yang dihasilkan melalui frikatif oleh titik artikulasi dorsal. Konsonan likuida /l/ dan frikatif velar /ɣ/ dalam DMSbs tidak dibenarkan hadir pada posisi koda, sama seperti kekangan koda dalam dialek Melayu lain, namun berbeza daripada dialek Melayu Kuching dan dialek Melayu Rejang yang membenarkan kehadiran kedua-dua fonem ini di akhir kata.
Kata kunci: vokal, konsonan, diftong, struktur dalaman, struktur permukaa
Eufemisme Pengurusan Jenazah Masyarakat Melayu Sarawak: Analisis Semantik Kognitif
No full textThis paper investigates the use of euphemisms by the Malay community of Sarawak in death-related matters, particularly in the handling of the dead. Data was collected through interviews, recordings and observations involving informants in Kuching, Sarawak. The data was analysed using Lakoff's (1987) Cognitive Semantic framework. Several cognitive mechanisms were used to analyse the data such as image schema, conceptual metaphor, and metonymy. Results reveal that the conceptualisations of death euphemisms in Sarawak Malay are largely influenced by their language culture, which emphasises courtesy and decorum in communication. Additionally, adherence to Islam underlies their thinking and daily practices, and are embedded within these euphemisms. This scenario demonstrates that the Sarawak Malays make use of a specific language form in communicating matters related to death, particularly in the handling of the dead. This study focuses on the cognitive semantics aspect in investigating death euphemisms in Sarawak Malay.
Keywords: euphemism, Sarawak Malays, death, cognitive semantics, cultureMakalah ini meninjau eufemisme masyarakat Melayu Sarawak dalam hal kematian, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pengurusan jenazah. Data kajian ini diperoleh menerusi kajian lapangan yang dijalankan di daerah Kuching, Sarawak, menggunakan kaedah temu bual, rakaman dan catatan. Data dianalisis berdasarkan kerangka semantik kognitif saranan Lakoff (1987). Beberapa mekanisme kognitif dimanfaatkan dalam analisis data seperti skema imej, metafora konsepsi dan metonimi. Dapatan kajian menyerlahkan bahawa pengkonsepsian eufemisme kematian dalam Masyarakat Melayu Sarawak banyak dipengaruhi oleh budaya berbahasa masyarakat tersebut yang mementingkan kesantunan dan kehalusan budi bahasa dalam komunikasi. Selain itu, pegangan agama Islam yang mendasari pemikiran dan amalan seharian masyarakat turut tertanam dalam pengungkapan eufemisme. Senario ini secara langsung menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Melayu di Sarawak mempunyai bentuk bahasa tertentu dalam mengungkapkan perihal kematian, khususnya tentang pengurusan jenazah. Kajian ini menonjolkan sisi linguistik bidang semantik kognitif dalam penelitian eufemisme kematian, yang menjurus kepada Masyarakat Melayu Sarawak.
Kata kunci: eufemisme, Melayu Sarawak, kematian, semantik kognitif, buday
Literary Freedom and the Need to Inter-logue
No full textThis commentary piece is based upon an article published in Malaysiakini1 and the reactions that resulted from it. The article is not a literary appraisal of the novel. It is an attempt to understand the ensuing controversy and plead for literary freedom. It is not the writer’s place to decide whether the novel is suitable as classroom material but this piece explains the special qualities of literary work and the ethnic politics in Malaysia that is the real casus belli for the controversy.
Keywords: Interlok, ethnic politics, controversial literary work, school textbook
REFERENCES
Abdullah Hussain, 1971. Interlok. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka: Kuala Lumpur.
Abdullah Hussain, 1996. Interlok. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka: Kuala Lumpur.
Eagleton, Terry, 1996. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Blackwell: United Kingdom.
Khor, Neil, 2002. “Lloyd Fernando’s Green is the Colour and KS Maniam’s in A Far Country: Two Approaches to Nationhood†in Southeast Asian Review of English. Kuala Lumpur