Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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Protecting the Purity of Muslims' Belief and Deeds: The Role and Challenges of the Institution of Mufti in the Era of Globalization
No full textThis article discusses the role of the institution of mufti in Malaysia in ensuring the sanctity of Muslims' belief and the rightfulness of their deeds in this challenging era of globalization. This role is closely related to the function of mufti in issuing fatwa or decrees. In Malaysia, only the Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah school is acceptable by law. It is on this premise that contrary teachings are determined by way of fatwa as deviant and thus prohibited. Proper attributes of the successors of the prophets are identified, and suggestions are provided so that the institution of the mufti will be more effective
Keywords: mufti, akidah (Islamic belief), deeds, Malaysia, globalizationMakalah ini membicarakan peranan institusi mufti mengeluarkan fatwa untuk memurnikan akidah dan amalan Muslim pada era globalisasi yang kian mencabar. Di Malaysia, hanya aliran Ahli Sunah Waljamaah yang diterima oleh undang-undang. Atas premis ini, ajaran yang bertentangan akan difatwakan sebagai sesat dan oleh yang demikian dilarang. Dicadangkan juga sifat yang sepatutnya dimiliki oleh golongan pewaris para nabi dan beberapa saranan bagi menjayakan lagi peranan institusi mufti di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: mufti, akidah, amalan, Malaysia, globalisas
Kosmologi dan Nilai Kepahlawanan dalam Sastera Epik Takna' Lawe' Komuniti Kayan Kalimantan Barat
No full textThe cosmological history of the Malays has always been a contentious issue. Its concepts, ideas and challenges have frequently been debated. Discussions frequently concern the role of Islam as the basis of the inclusive nature of Malay cosmology. In line with this, this article discusses the framework, interaction and consolidation of Islam in Malay cosmology based on historical evidence. Also discusses are the opposing views of orientalists that have studied Malay cosmology from a colonialist point of view. The emergence of thought other than Islam, such as secular and socialist ideology, has had a further effect on the Malay-Islamic weltanschauung, and on Malay society as a whole. The social system within Malay cosmology has been eroded and has resulted in a society whole principles and thought differs from that of the Malay society of old which placed great importance on the Islamic value of brotherhood.
Keywords: cosmology, Malay, Islam, tradition, westernizationPolemik sejarah kosmologi sosiopolitik Melayu tidak pernah terhenti, malahan sentiasa menimbulkan ruang perdebatan baharu dalam kalangan sarjana sama ada dari aspek konsep, idea dan cabarannya. Perdebatan sering mengaitkan peranan agama Islam sebagai nilai asas untuk membentuk ciri inklusif kosmologi sosiopolitik Melayu. Sehubungan dengan itu, makalah ini membincangkan kerangka pembinaan, interaksi dan tahap pengukuhan Islam dalam kosmologi sosiopolitik Melayu berdasarkan analisis sejarah. Turut dibahaskan juga pandangan yang bertentangan dalam kalangan sarjana orientalis yang mengkaji kosmologi Melayu berdasarkan kerangka pemikiran kolonial. Kemunculan pemikiran selain Islam seperti ideologi sekular dan sosialis dalam weltanschauung kosmologi Melayu-Islam turut memberikan kesan kepada masyarakat Melayu. Sistem sosial dalam kosmologi Melayu mula terhakis dan kesannya melahirkan bangsa Melayu yang berbeza prinsip dan fahaman berbanding dengan bangsa Melayu terdahulu yang mementingkan nilai persaudaraan Islamiyah.
Kata kunci: kosmologi, Melayu, Islam, tradisi, pembarata
Kesan Globalisasi terhadap Guna Pakai Undang-undang Islam di Malaysia
No full textThe process of globalization has increased the pressure to apply international legal provisions onto municipal laws. This hegemonzation process emphasizes universal features which are being opposed and thus not accepted by all. Western colonization and the transfer of legal systems related to globalization marginalize indigenous norms including Islamic laws. Among the main questions being raised is the status of Islamic laws which are viewed as being contrary to the provisions of international treaties. This article uses doctrinal analysis and textual analysis including those involving legislation and cases in the process of search and argument over related legal principles. Among the findings in this article is that the dualism principle which is applicable in Malaysia in respect of the application of international laws requires the transformation of international treaties to municipal law. In other words, treaties are not directly applicable to municipal law.
Keywords: globalization, Islamic laws, challenges, hemegonizationProses globalisasi memberikan tekanan supaya menerima pakai peruntukan instrumen antarabangsa dalam undang-undang munisipal. Proses hegemonisasi ini menekankan ciri "universal" instrumen antarabangsa yang dibantah dan tidak diterima semua. Kolonialisme Barat dan pemindahan perundangan yang berkaitan dengan globalisasi menambahkan lagi peminggiran norma peribumi, termasuk undang-undang Islam yang dilihat bertentangan dengan peruntukan triti antarabangsa. Makalah ini menggunakan analisis doktrinal dan analisis teks, termasuk undang-undang bertulis dan kes dalam proses pencarian dan penghujahan prinsip undang-undang berkaitan. Kajian mendapati prinsip dualisme yang terpakai di Malaysia dan undang-undang antarabangsa memerlukan proses transformasi triti antarabangsa kepada undang-undang munisipal. Dengan kata lain, triti tidak terpakai secara langsung dalam undang-undang munisipal.
Kata kunci: globalisasi, undang-undang Islam, cabaran, hegemonisas
Human Rights Principles According to International Law and Syariah Perspectives: A Comparison
No full textMakalah ini menggunakan pendekatan perbandingan untuk menganalisis empat hak sivil dan politik, iaitu kebebasan diri, kebebasan beragama, kesamarataan gender dan kebebasan bersuara dari perspektif undang-undang antarabangsa dan hukum syarak. Analisis mendapati undang-undang negara yang bersifat sekular sangat jelas berbeza daripada hukum yang berasaskan agama. Hukum syarak mengandungi batasan dan larangan (untuk tidak berbuat dosa) yang tidak diiktiraf dalam undang-undang hak asasi manusia antarabangsa. Hasil kajian mendapati hanya hak kebebasan diri mempunyai persamaan antara kedua-dua undang-undang ini.
Kata kunci: hak asasi manusia, undang-undang antarabangsa, hukum syarak, kebebasan diri, kebebasan beragama, kesamarataan gender, kebebasan bersuaraThis article uses the comparative approach in analyzing four civil and political rights namely personal liberty, freedom of religion, gender equality and freedom of speech from international law and syariah perspectives. The analysis finds that the secular law of nations clearly differs from the religious law. Syariah contains restrictions and prohibitions (from committing sins) which are not recognized by the international human rights law. Nevertheless there are similarities between the two laws with regard to the aspect of personal liberty.
Keywords: human rights, international law, syariah, personal liberty, freedom of religion, gender equality, freedom of expressio
Simbol "Minyak" dalam Peribahasa Melayu: Analisis Makna dari Perspektif Linguistik Kognitif
No full textThis study aims to explicate the lexical meaning of minyak (oil) from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, as a symbol regularly used in Malay proverbs. The selection of the symbol has its roots in the belief that the noun has a close connection with the Malay culture with regards to its quality and usage.. Through the sub-corpus of proverbs sourced from www.malaycivilization.com which have been classified into specific categories, 84 proverbs related to minyak have been obtained and analyzed. The results of the analysis reveal that the Malay society is very creative in defining the meaning of minyak, ranging from the meaning associated with the domain [liquid] to an array of meanings of the domain [status], [attitude], [behaviour], [feeling] and [situation]. The extended meanings have acquired ameliorative (positive) or pejorative (negative) characteristics. The extension of the meanings confirm the creative nature of the Malay society in language use, as well as displaying the subtlety, sharpness and wisdom of the Malay mind, particularly in the selection of precise symbols to suit particular situations and circumstances.
Keywords: proverbs, symbol, meaning, cognitive linguistics, ameliorative, pejorativeMakalah ini bertujuan menjelaskan makna leksis 'minyak' dari perspektif linguistik kognitif yang sering dijadikan simbol dalam peribahasa Melayu kerana berkait rapat dengan budaya Melayu dari segi kualiti dan kegunaan. Sebanyak 84 peribahasa berkaitan dengan 'minyak' dianalisis daripada subkorpus data peribahasa yang berpangkalan di www.malaycivilization.com/ yang diklasifikasikan mengikut kategori tertentu. Kajian mendapati masyarakat Melayu sangat kreatif memberikan makna 'minyak', bermula dari makna domain [cecair] sehingga kepada makna domain [status], [sikap], [perlakuan], [perasaan] dan [keadaan] yang berkembang sehingga membentuk makna yang bersifat ameliorasi (positif) dan pejorasi (negatif). Peluasan makna yang terhasil bukan sahaja membuktikan kekreatifan masyarakat Melayu dalam berbahasa, malah dapat mengupas kehalusan dan ketajaman pemikiran, serta akal budi orang Melayu ketika berbahasa, khususnya untuk memilih simbol yang tepat dengan situasi dan keadaan.
Kata kunci: peribahasa, simbol, makna, linguistik kognitif, ameliorasi, pejoras
Cetra Empat Orang Fakir: Roman Urdu yang Pertama Diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Melayu
No full textThe piece investigated in this article, entitled Cetra Empat Orang Fakir (The Tale of the Four Dervishes) and preserved in the unique manuscript Q 11.4A/27 in the National Library of Singapore, allows us to reconsider. It was translated in 1846 and, despite the claim of the translator, cannot be traced to a Persian original. In fact, it is a rendition of Bagh-o-bahar (Garden and Spring, 1802) by the outstanding Urdu writer Mir Amman. Thus, The Tale of the Four Dervishes is the first Malay translation of an Urdu romance. This article investigates information about the translator of Bagh-o-bahar, a Jawi Peranakan named Mahmud bin Sayid Mu'alim, and his socio-cultural environment. It also provides the reader with the content of the Cetra and discusses the strategies of translation used by Mahmud and a combination of old and new features in his work. Even if not without caveats, the findings of this article can also be extrapolated to the lesser-documented literary pieces of the first wave of Islamicate India's influence.
Keywords: Islamicate India, traditional Malay literature, Persian, Urdu, Mir Amman, Bagh-o-bahar, The Tale of the Four Dervishes (TFD), Jawi Peranakan, Mahmud bin Sayid Mu'alim, translation strategiesNaskhah yang dikaji dalam artikel ini bertajuk Cetra Empat Orang Fakir dan tersimpan di National Library of Singapore. Manuskrip unik yang ditandai manuskrip Q 11.4A/27, menunjukkan tarikh pengenalan tersebut perlu pertimbangan semula. Manuskrip ini bertarikh tahun 1846, dan penterjemah mendakwa karya asalnya ialah karya sastera Parsi. Namun, karya sastera sebegini tidak terdapat dalam Sastera Parsi. Sebaliknya, Cetra Empat Orang Fakir jelas merupakan terjemahan Bagh-o-bahar ('Taman dan Musim Bunga', 1802) oleh Mir Amman, penulis Urdu yang unggul. Oleh itu, Cetra Empat Orang Fakir ialah terjemahan pertama Roman Urdu dalam bahasa Melayu. Artikel ini mengkaji maklumat tentang penterjemah karya Bagh-o-bahar, seorang Jawi Peranakan bernama Mahmud bin Sayid Mu'alim, dan persekitaran sosiobudayanya. Makalah ini juga memberikan maklumat kepada pembaca tentang kandungan Cetra dan membincangkan strategi penterjemahan Mahmud, serta kombinasi ciri lama dan baharu yang ada dalam karyanya. Dapatan artikel ini mungkin juga dapat diaplikasikan dalam kajian naskhah sastera India Islam gelombang pertama yang lain, yang masih kurang mendapat perhatian sarjana.
Kata kunci: India zaman Islam, Sastera Melayu Tradisional, Parsi, Urdu, Mir Amman, Bagh-o-bahar, Cetra Empat Orang Fakir, Jawi Peranakan, Mahmud bin Sayid Mu'alim, strategi penterjemaha
Liability for Nuclear Damage: Lessons from the Nuclear Reactor Damage Tragedy at Fukushima Daiichi, Japan
No full textThis article explicates the legal issues and liabilities related to the nuclear damage at Fukushima, Japan in the hope it will provide lessons to Malaysia in handling any nuclear-related damage in the future. In addition, this paper also reviews the international laws pertaining to claims for compensation and protection to victims and property as well as the international standards with regard to compensation payments to victims. It is hoped that this will give a clear picture of the laws and liabilities that the Government should undertake in providing adequate protection in case of a nuclear-related disaster in Malaysia.
Keywords: liability, nuclear damage, nuclear energy, international, law, nuclear law.Makalah ini membincangkan isu perundangan dan liabiliti akibat kerosakan reaktor nuklear Fukushima Daiichi di Jepun yang boleh dijadikan iktibar oleh Malaysia pada masa hadapan. Makalah ini juga meninjau perundangan antarabangsa yang berkaitan dengan proses tuntutan pampasan dan perlindungan kepada mangsa dan harta benda, serta standard antarabangsa dalam membuat pembayaran pampasan kepada mangsa. Hasil kajian dapat memberikan gambaran tentang perundangan dan liabiliti yang perlu disediakan oleh kerajaan bagi memberikan perlindungan yang sewajarnya sekiranya berlaku bencana tersebut di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: liabiliti, kerosakan nuklear, tenaga nuklear, perundangan antarabangsa, undang-undang nuklea
Penyimpanan DNA Pesalah Kanak-kanak di Malaysia: Penilaian Semula Hak Asasi Kanak-kanak
No full textThe use of DNA evidence has facilitated the criminal justice process, as a tool for the purpose of preventing and solving crimes. The history of the establishment of the DNA data bank has shown the use of DNA evidence to be very significant in most countries, including Malaysia. This article will discuss the issues relating to the retention of DNA in the Malaysian Forensic DNA data bank by focusing on the aspects of privacy rights, type of offence, and the time limit for storage of child offenders' DNA in the context of Malaysian law. Apart from that, the study shows that the retention of child offenders' DNA without a time limit is against the principle "in the best interest of the child" Article 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), as it undermines the child's basic rights.
Keywords: The Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Identification Act of 2009, DNA retention, crime, privacy, childSejarah penubuhan bank data Identifikasi Asid Deoksiribonukleik (DNA) telah menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan keterangan DNA menjadi sangat penting di kebanyakan negara, termasuk Malaysia kerana telah banyak membantu proses keadilan jenayah, iaitu sebagai alat mencegah dan menyelesaikan kes jenayah. Makalah ini membincangkan isu berkaitan dengan penyimpanan DNA di dalam Bank Data DNA Forensik Malaysia dengan memfokuskan hak privasi, jenis kesalahan dan tempoh masa penyimpanan DNA pesalah kanak-kanak dalam konteks negara Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati penyimpanan DNA kanak-kanak tanpa had masa bertentangan dengan prinsip "Kepentingan Terbaik Kanak-kanak" dalam perkara 3 Konvensyen Hak Kanak-kanak atau Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC) kerana mencabuli hak asasi kanak-kanak.
Kata kunci: Akta Identifikasi Asid Deoksiribonukleik (DNA) 2009, penyimpanan DNA, jenayah, privasi, kanak-kana