Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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The History of "Tuan Seberang" (Tun Seri Lanang) Based on Aceh and Dutch Sources
No full textThis study discusses the position of Tuan Seberang, a prominent figure of the Malay Peninsula, who was immensely influential in shaping the kingdom of Aceh Darussalam in the 17th century. His prominence was evident when the book of Aceh's historiography, Ma Bain-as-Salatin, clearly showed the position of and role played by Tuan Seberang in the administration of this kingdom. However, to date, there are rarely historians who have actually examines the position and prominence of Tuan Seberang, either when he was in Aceh or in the Peninsula. To be sure, Tuan Seberang was a prominent figure who was highly respected by the Portuguese and Dutch because of his huge contribution to the administration of this kingdom during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641) and Sultan Safiatuddin Syah (1641-1675). In this study, the author examines the issue of who Tuan Seberang really was, the role he played, his contribution and his relationship with the rulers and Aceh's political figures.
Keywords: Tuan Seberang, Tun Seri Lanang, Sulalat-us-Salatin, Ma Bain-as-Salatin, The Kingdom of Aceh DarussalamKajian ini membincangkan tentang kedudukan Tuan Seberang, tokoh Melayu Semenanjung, yang sangat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan kerajaan Aceh Darussalam pada kurun ke-17. Ketokohannya terbukti apabila karya historiografi Aceh, Ma Bain-as-Salatin dengan jelas memerihalkan kedudukan dan peranan yang dimainkan oleh Tuan Seberang dalam pentadbiran kerajaan itu. Namun sehingga kini, jarang terdapat ahli sejarah yang benar-benar meneliti kedudukan dan peranan Tuan Seberang secara khusus, sama ada semasa beliau berada di Aceh atau di Semenanjung. Padahal Tuan Seberang merupakan seorang tokoh terkemuka yang sangat dihormati oleh Portugis dan Belanda kerana sumbangan besarnya kepada pentadbiran kerajaan tersebut semasa pemerintahan Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641 ) dan Sultan Safiatuddin Syah (1641-1675). Dalam kajian ini, penulis meneliti tentang persoalan siapa sebenarnya Tuan Seberang dalam sejarah Aceh, peranan dan sumbangannya serta hubungannya dengan para pemerintah dan tokoh politik Aceh.
Kata kunci: Tuan Seberang, Tun Seri Lanang, Sulalat-us-Salatin, Ma Bain-as-Salatin, Kerajaan Aceh Darussala
Unsur Dakwah dan Kearifan Tempatan Orang Bajau dalam Kumpulan Puisi Iltizam
No full textIltizam is an anthology of poetry produced by Zubir Osman in 2015, in his effort to deliver poems with the element of dakwah or propagation of Islam and to showcase local wisdom, in particular that of the Bajau ethnic group in Sabah. This article focuses on 59 selected poems in the anthology that contain the elements of dakwah and local wisdom. The discussion in this article focuses on the dakwah element which is portrayed in and linked to the culture, way of life and nature of the Bajau people. The dakwah approach is the principle contained in the Malay Methodology Theory which has been used to explore the dakwah aspect while the Utilitarian Approach is used to examine local wisdom characteristics which reflect the heritage and identity of the Bajaus in Sabah. This analysis of Iltizam selected poems finds that the poems with the Islamic element not only involve the writer's imaginative capability and creativity but they also become effective vehicles for dissemination to the public. It can be concluded that Iltizam presents the dakwah element and local wisdom of the Bajau people through the poetic verses as a manifestation of the world view and beliefs of its society.
Keywords: Bajau ethnic group, Iltizam, poetry with dakwah element, local wisdom, Dakwah Approach, Malay Methodology TheoryIltizam ialah sebuah antologi puisi karya Zubir Osman yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2015 dalam usahanya untuk menyampaikan puisi-puisi berunsurkan dakwah dan pemaparan kearifan tempatan, khususnya dalam kalangan suku kaum Bajau di Sabah. Makalah ini memberikan tumpuan terhadap 59 buah puisi pilihan dalam antologi puisi Iltizam (2015), yang mengandungi unsur dakwah dan kearifan tempatan. Perbincangan makalah ini secara langsung memberikan tumpuan terhadap unsur dakwah yang dipaparkan dan dikaitkan dengan budaya, cara hidup dan keperibadian suku kaum Bajau. Pendekatan Dakwah merupakan prinsip yang terkandung dalam Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu dipilih untuk menelusuri aspek dakwah manakala Pendekatan Gunaan diguna pakai untuk meneliti unsur-unsur kearifan tempatan yang memperlihatkan warisan dan identiti masyarakat Bajau di Sabah. Analisis terhadap puisi pilihan Iltizam (2015) mendapati bahawa puisi berunsurkan Islam bukan hanya melibatkan daya imaginasi dan kreativiti pengarang malah merupakan wadah penyampai yang berkesan kepada masyarakat. Kesimpulannya, Iltizam (2015) mengetengahkan unsur dakwah dan kearifan tempatan orang Bajau melalui bait-bait puisi sebagai manifestasi pandangan hidup dan kepercayaan masyarakat Bajau sendiri.
Kata/frasa kunci: Suku kaum Bajau, Iltizam, puisi berunsurkan dakwah, kearifan tempatan, pendekatan dakwah, Teori Pengkaedahan Melay
Tranformasi Bidang Kuasa Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia: Penilaian Semula terhadap Hukuman Takzir
No full textThe scope of takzir sentence in Islamic law is wide-ranging and not limited to fine, prison and whipping as provided by the Syariah Court Act (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act 1965 (Amended 1984) [Act 355]. This Act has been amended in 1984. Unfortunately, it still does not fulfil the genuine spirit of uqubah takzir in Islam. Criminal jurisdiction of the Syariah Court is still limited with fine not exceeding RM5000 orimprisonment for a term maximum three years, or whipping not exceeding six strokes or with any combination thereof. Under Islamic law, amendments and improvements of takzir sentence is necessary to ensure that it is responsive to changes and relevant with the current situation. This paper therefore, will discuss the wide scope of takzir sentences as has been shown in the early period of Islam, its implementation in the present syariah court, the obstacles that prevent its transformation and its solutions. Perhaps a real understanding on takzir sentence in Islamic law will serve as a paradigm shift in the efforts to improve the existing takzir sentence in the syariah courts towards a better position and relevant with the current situation.
Keywords: takzir sentence, Islamic law, criminal jurisdiction, syariah courtsSkop hukuman takzir dalam perundangan Islam sebenarnya lebih luas dan tidak terbatas kepada hukuman denda maksimun RM5000, penjara maksimum tiga tahun atau maksimum enam kali sebatan seperti yang diperuntukkan oleh Akta Mahkamah Syariah (Bidang Kuasa Jenayah) 1965 (Pindaan 1984) [Akta 355]. Walaupun Akta ini telah dipinda buat kali terakhir pada tahun 1984, namun pindaan yang dilakukan masih tidak menepati tujuan hukuman uqubah takzir yang sebenar dalam perundangan Islam. Oleh itu, hukuman takzir perlu disemak dan dimurnikan agar sentiasa relevan dengan perubahan semasa. Makalah ini membincangkan keluasan skop hukuman takzir yang diperlihatkan pada zaman awal Islam, pelaksanaannya kini di mahkamah syariah, faktor yang menghalang transformasi bidang kuasa, serta kaedah penyelesaiannya agar anjakan paradigma ini dapat mentransformasikan hukuman takzir ke suatu tahap yang lebih baik.
Kata kunci: hukuman takzir, perundangan Islam, bidang kuasa jenayah, mahkamah syaria
Elemen Dualisme dalam Peribahasa: Pendekatan Semantik Inkuisitif
No full textThis article attempts to identify elements of dualism through objects and image pairs found in Malay proverbs. Based on the collected data, there are 31 proverbs from 4359 Malay proverbs that contain elements of dualism. For instance, the combination of "padi-lalang" (lit. "rice plant-weeds"), "cempedak-nangka" (lit. "cempedak- jackfruit") and "asam-garam" (lit. "sour-salty") were taken from UKM's www. malaycivilization.com database. Each example of these combinations was analysed. In analysing the data, the inquistive semantics approach and the Cross-Reference Framework (Rangka Rujuk Silang) was employed. A combination of the data with theory, philosophy and culture finally yielded the true meanings of the Malay proverbs and ultimately reflect the Malay mind. The study found that the "paddy-weeds" and "cempedak-jackfruit" pairs indicate contradiction. On the other hand, the "sour-salty" pairing does not indicate contradiction but complementation. The inquisitive semantics approach is capable of revealing various aspects of wisdom and philosophy contained in Malay proverbs.
Keywords: dualism, Malay proverbs, Malay mind, inquisitive semantics, bridging cross referencesMakalah ini bertujuan mengenal pasti elemen dualisme yang ditonjolkan melalui objek dan imej berpasangan dalam peribahasa Melayu. Berdasarkan data, terdapat 31 peribahasa daripada 4359 peribahasa yang mengandungi elemen dualisme. Makalah akan menganalisis kombinasi "padi-lalang", "cempedak-nangka" dan "asam-garam" yang terkandung dalam peribahasa tersebut yang diambil daripada pangkalan data www.malaycivilization.com UKM. Pendekatan semantik inkuisitif dan Rangka Rujuk Silang diaplikasikan dalam penganalisisan data. Gabungan data, teori, falsafah dan budaya dapat menghasilkan huraian makna peribahasa Melayu yang akhirnya mencerminkan akal budi penuturnya. Hasil kajian mendapati gabungan "padi-lalang" dan "cempedak-nangka" menunjukkan dualisme yang berbentuk pertentangan, manakala gabungan "asam-garam" sebagai unsur pelengkap. Pelbagai ilmu dan falsafah yang tersirat dalam peribahasa Melayu berjaya dicungkil menerusi pendekatan semantik inkuisitif.
Kata kunci: elemen dualisme, peribahasa, akal budi Melayu, semantik inkuisitif, Rangka Rujuk Silan
Psikogeografi Kuala Lumpur dalam Puisi Nasurry Ibrahim
No full textThe strong connection between people and place provides fodder for literary producers to create their works. In his anthology of poems Ruang Kota, Nassury Ibrahim draws upon Kuala Lumpur as the place that allows him to delve into the study of self and other people. Using psychogeography as an analytical tool, this article examines how Kuala Lumpur affects the mental states and behaviors of the people living in the heart of the urban city. Nassury's poems deal with many aspects of life which include poverty, pollution and humanity. Other than his experiences, the poet uses the landscape of the city to express his own perspectives and feelings towards Kuala Lumpur. Based on the analysis, Kuala Lumpur is portrayed as a city that has developed materially but its dwellers benevolence and compassion have lessened greatly. His poems highlight urban poverty and poor urban planning in Kuala Lumpur which have led to poor quality of life in this cosmopolitan city.
Keywords: psychogeography, urban poor, Kuala LumpurHubungan erat antara sebuah masyarakat dengan tempat menjadi sumber inspirasi untuk pengkarya sastera menghasilkan karya. Dalam antologi Ruang Kota, Nassury Ibrahim memberi tumpuan terhadap Kuala Lumpur sebagai lokasi yang menyerlahkan dirinya sebagai pengkaji kendiri dan masyarakat sekeliling. Dengan menggunakan psikogeografi sebagai lensa kritikan, makalah ini mengkaji bagaimana Kuala Lumpur memberikan kesan terhadap keadaan mental dan tingkah laku masyarakat yang tinggal di kota raya ini. Puisi Nassury memaparkan pelbagai aspek dalam kehidupan termasuklah kemiskinan, pencemaran dan kemanusiaan. Selain pengalaman beliau, Nassury telah menggunakan landskap kota tersebut untuk menitipkan perspektif dan perasaannya terhadap Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur digambarkan sebagai sebuah kota yang telah membangun secara material, akan tetapi sifat kebaikan dan belas kasihan penduduknya telah berkurangan dengan begitu ketara sekali. Puisi Nassury menunjukkan kesempitan hidup dan kualiti kehidupan yang rendah akibat kelemahan perancangan bandar yang memberikan kesan buruk kepada penduduk bandar kosmopolitan ini.
Kata kunci: psikogeografi, kemiskinan bandar, Kuala Lumpu
Teater Wangi Jadi Saksi: Satu Bacaan Semula terhadap Sejarah Setia Kawan Tuah-Jebat
No full textThe story of Hang Tuah and Hang Jebat in the classical texts Sulalat al-Salatin and Hikayat Hang Tuah has been a source of inspiration to filmmakers, theatre directors and songwriters. The first audio-visual film that projected the solidarity of Tuah-Jebat in 1956 was titled Hang Tuah under the direction of Phani Majumbar. This was then followed by the film Hang Jebat directed by Hussein Hanif in 1961. Although these two films were among the earliest adaptations that resurrected the characters of Tuah-Jebat on the big screen, however, it was evident that the films had shown certain inclinations during the filming process. This is inevitable for a film, drama or theatrical adaptation. In an adaptation, differences in reading or interpretation are a normal occurrence; they reflect a director's personal creativity in the adaptation process. U-Wei Haji Saari reminds us of this process by bringing new light to the story of the two legendary figures through his work "Wangi Jadi Saksi". In particular, the work features the character Wangi, who is a witness and a secret keeper to the fight between two friends, touted as legendary in Malay society. This paper aims to explain the concept of adaptation and the relevant interpretation in U-Wei Haji Saari's rereading of the stabbing incident through the character of Wangi guided by an intertextual framework. It argues that U-Wei Saari, in his re-interpretation of the stabbing between Tuah and Jebat, has actually created a new text, which challenges views regarding the relationship between Tuah and Jebat which has been accepted by society for many centuries.
Keywords: Hang Tuah, Hang Jebat, U-Wei, adaptation, re-interpretationKisah Hang Tuah dan Hang Jebat dalam teks klasik Sulalat al-Salatin dan Hikayat Hang Tuah telah menjadi ilham kepada pembuat filem, teater dan pencipta lagu. Filem pertama yang menonjolkan Tuah-Jebat secara audio visual bertajuk Hang Tuah ditayangkan pada tahun 1956 di bawah arahan Phani Majumdar, kemudiannya diikuti oleh filem bertajuk Hang Jebat oleh Hussein Hanif pada tahun 1961. Biarpun dua filem ini adalah antara adaptasi terawal yang menghidupkan watak Tuah-Jebat di layar perak, namun sudah terkesan terdapat kecenderungan tertentu ketika memfilemkannya. Kedua-dua watak ini tampil dengan bacaan dan interpretasi yang berbeza oleh kedua-dua pengarah filem terdahulu. Hal ini tidak dapat dielakkan untuk sebuah filem, drama mahupun teater adaptasi. Tafsiran atau interpretasi semula ialah bahan kreatif seseorang pengarah ketika melakukan adaptasi. Menerusi teater arahan dan skrip oleh U-Wei Haji Saari, kita sekali lagi diingatkan tentang kisah setia kawan Tuah-Jebat dalam Wangi Jadi Saksi. Wangi ditampilkan sebagai saksi mata dan penyimpan rahsia kepada peristiwa pertikaman dua sahabat yang menjadi legenda dalam masyarakat Melayu. Makalah ini akan menjelaskan makna adaptasi dan kesesuaian interpretasi dan bacaan semula U-Wei terhadap kisah pertikaman tersebut melalui watak Wangi dengan memanfaatkan kerangka teori intertekstualiti. Makalah ini mendapati, dalam usaha U-Wei memberikan tafsiran terhadap peristiwa pertikaman Tuah-Jebat, beliau sebenarnya telah mencipta satu teks baharu dengan meruntuhkan kenyataan yang sudah diterima masyarakat berabad-abad lamanya.
Kata kunci: Hang Tuah, Hang Jebat, U-Wei, adaptasi, interpretasi semul
Sumbangan, Cabaran dan Potensi Kewangan Islam dalam Perdagangan Antarabangsa
No full textThis paper looks at the development, contributions, challenges and potential of the Islamic financial system in the context of international trade. The qualitative method was applied to analyze earlier literature and publications, including the policies of the government and universities. The analysis finds that the Islamic financial system is developing at a consistent and rapid rate at national and global level, demonstrating its competitiveness and added value. However, Islamophobia and bias towards Islam is spreading rapidly without control and this will negatively affect the global Islamic financial system. This paper highlights the contributions and challenges currently faced by the system.
Keywords: Islamic finance,Islamic banking, laws, syariah, IslamophobiaMakalah ini bertujuan melihat perkembangan,sumbangan, cabaran dan potensi sistem kewangan Islam moden dalam konteks perdagangan antarabangsa. Kaedah kualitatif digunakan bagi menganalisis kajian terdahulu dan bahan terbitan, termasuklah polisi kementerian, universiti dan fakulti. Kajian mendapati sistem kewangan Islam moden berkembang pesat secara konsisten pada peringkat nasional dan global, malah mempunyai daya saing yang tinggi dan menawarkan pelbagai nilai tambah. Walau bagaimanapun, Islamophobia dan bias terhadap Islam yang semakin menular tanpa kawalan sedang dan akan terus menjejaskan perkembangan sistem kewangan Islam global. Dapatan kajian dapat mengenal pasti sumbangan dan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh sistem kewangan Islam moden.
Kata kunci:kewangan Islam, perbankan Islam, undang-undang, syariah, Islamophobi
Jerebu Merentas Sempadan: Perundangan dan Penguatkuasaannya di Malaysia dan Singapura
No full textMakalah ini membincangkan isu berkenaan kualiti udara yang disebabkan oleh jerebu yang merentas sempadan negara Malaysia dan Singapura. Makalah ini menganalisis faktor dan impak jerebu dari pelbagai aspek, undang-undang domestik Malaysia dan Singapura, serta usaha negara serantau menyelesaikan masalah jerebu yang merentas sempadan menerusi perjanjian antara negara Association of Sourtheast Asian Nations (ASEAN), iaitu Asean Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP). Hasil kajian mendapati Singapura lebih terkedepan menangani isu ini berbanding dengan negara ASEAN lain kerana Akta Pencemaran Jerebu Rentas Sempadan 2014 berjaya dikuatkuasakan di Singapura yang boleh dijadikan contoh oleh Malaysia.Kata kunci: jerebu, Malaysia, Singapura, perundangan, penguatkuasaan
Abstract
This article discusses issues related to air quality caused by transboundary haze pollution that seems to be an annual phenomenon that occurs particularly in the ASEAN region. Focus will be given to two countries namely Malaysia and Singapore which are clearly affected by this phenomenon. An analysis shall look into the factors and impacts of haze pollution from various aspects including a comparison study focusing on domestic laws of Malaysia and Singapore, and how the countries in the region seek solutions to the occurrence of transboundary haze through an agreement by ASEAN countries, that is the Asean Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP). The study shows that Singapore is more advanced than the other ASEAN nations in handling this issue as it has been able to enforce the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act, a move which should serve as a model to Malaysia.Keywords: haze pollution, Malaysia, Singapore, law, enforcemen
Family Support Division in Helping Children after Divorce: Extent of Effectiveness, Challenges and Comparison with the Practice of Developed Countries
No full textThe issue of maintenance and the enforcement of Maintenance Orders issued by the syariah courts have often been the subject of complaint, especially among women after divorce. Arguably,Family Law does have detailed provisions regarding maintenance,however there are still significant shortcomings in the enforcement of the maintenance orders, especially when the former husband or father who has been instructed to pay maintenance fails to cooperate or is negligent. This paper aims to review the effectiveness of the Family Support Division in performing its functions and highlight the difficulties encountered in the effort to resolve problems relating to enforcement of the orders, particularly for maintenance of children after divorce. In addition, this paper also touches upon the practice in dealing with this issue by some developed countries as a means of comparison to improve the performance of the Family Support Division.
Keywords: child maintenance,syariah courts, Family Support Division, enforcement, developed countriesIsu tuntutan nafkah dan penguatkuasaan Perintah Nafkah yang dikeluarkan oleh mahkamah syariah sering menjadi rungutan dalam kalangan wanita selepas berlaku perceraian. Walaupun boleh dikatakan Undang-undang Keluarga Islam mempunyai peruntukan undang-undang yang terperinci tentang nafkah tetapi masih terdapat kelemahan yang ketara dalam penguatkuasaan perintah nafkah, terutama apabila bekas suami atau bapa yang diputuskan bertanggungjawab membayar nafkah gagal memberikan kerjasama atau cuai. Makalah ini menilai keberkesanan peranan Bahagian Sokongan Keluarga (BSK), mengetengahkan masalah penguatkuasaan perintah nafkah anak selepas perceraian dan menyentuh amalan beberapa negara maju sebagai perbandingan untuk menambah baik BSK.
Kata kunci: nafkah anak, mahkamah syariah, Bahagian Sokongan Keluarga, penguatkuasaan, negara maj