Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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Qazaf (False Accusation) in Malaysian Syariah Criminal Law: A Current Analysis
No full textQazaf (false accusation) is one of the crimes under the hudud category, for which the punishments are fixed in Islamic law, either through Al-Quran or As-Sunnah. In the context of implementation in Malaysia, the Federal Constitution generally places, qazaf offences under the jurisidiction of Syariah law as enforced by the states. Nevertheless, based on research on Syariah criminal law in the various states, it has been discovered that there is an apparent inconsistency in terms of the implementation surrounding qazaf offences. In fact, the states have different interpretations of the very definition of qazaf. Pursuant to this inconsistency, there is an alarming concern that the Syariah law may be seen in a negative light. This finding is further supported by the already-decided cases from the Syariah court. This article further proposes several recommendations to strengthen implementation in relation to enforcement concerning qazaf offences. This is to ensure that the legal provisions provided are meaningful, are appreciated by the community, and do not merely serve as a tool to fill in the present lacuna.
Keywords: qazaf (false accusation), adultery, sodomy, Federal Constitution, syariah criminal law, syariah criminal law enactmentPerlembagaan Persekutuan meletakkan kesalahan jenayah qazaf di bawah bidang kuasa undang-undang jenayah syariah yang dikuatkuasakan oleh negeri-negeri. Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan penyelidikan kepustakaan terhadap undang-undang jenayah syariah di setiap negeri, didapati wujudnya ketidakseragaman yang ketara tentang definisi dan pelaksanaan undang-undang tersebut yang dibuktikan menerusi beberapa kes yang diputuskan oleh mahkamah syariah. Ekoran itu, dikhuatiri wujud unsur ketidakadilan yang menyebabkan syariat Islam dipandang serong. Artikel ini mencadangkan beberapa langkah untuk memperkasakan pelaksanaan undang-undang jenayah qazaf supaya peruntukan jenayah qazaf benar-benar bermakna, difahami oleh masyarakat dan bukan hanya sekadar mengisi kekosongan peruntukan undang-undang sedia ada.
Kata kunci: qazaf, zina, liwat, Perlembagaan Persekutuan, undang-undang jenayah syariah, enakmen jenayah syaria
Perkembangan Undang-undang Pentadbiran Islam di Negeri Utara Semenanjung 1950 - 2016: Tumpuan dari Aspek Perundangan Pusaka
No full textThis article discusses the development of the administration of Islamic Law in the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia from the pre-Independence period until after Independence,with specific focus on laws regarding the provisions for inheritance. Using doctrinal analysis methodology, this article highlights the issues related to the uneven evolution of Islamic laws regarding inheritance from 1952 until 2016 in these states. The discrepancies betweenthe Islamic Administration Enactments and state enactments are presented in a table outlining the differences in terms of amendment, improvement andrepeals in accordance with the requirements of the mainstream.The findings show that there is no dynamic change in the laws regarding inheritance and its administration from the pre-independence era until now, often resulting in inheritance-related conflicts.
Keywords: estate property, Northern States of Peninsular Malaysia, Administration of Islamic Law.Artikel ini membincangkan perkembangan undang-undang pentadbiran Islam di negeri utara Semenanjung bermula dari zaman prakemerdekaan sehingga pascakemerdekaan dengan tumpuan pada aspek peruntukan pusaka menggunakan kaedah analisis doktrin. Revolusi perundangan Islam yang berlaku mulai tahun 1952 sehingga tahun 2016 didapati tidak seimbang antara enakmen pentadbiran Islam negeri dengan enakmen negeri berdasarkan pindaan, penambahbaikan dan pemansuhan yang bersesuaian dengan kehendak arus perdana. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tidak berlaku evolusi perundangan yang dinamik dalam pentadbiran pusaka atau pewarisan sejak zaman prakemerdekaan sehingga zaman pascakemerdekaan sehingga menimbulkan pelbagai konflik.
Kata kunci: harta pusaka, negeri utara Semenanjung, undang-undang pentadbiran Isla
Paleoalam di Tapak Paleolitik Bukit Bunuh: Analisis Geomorfologi
No full textArchaeological research conducted in the western part of Bukit Bunuh Complex in 2008 to 2010 uncovered two open Palaeolithic sites that function as Palaeolithic stone tools workshop. The workshop existed around 270,000-320,000 and 490,000-550,000 years ago. To determine the adaptation of Palaeolithic communities to the environment, palaeoenvironment, reconstruction studies have been conducted. The study involved interpreting the geomorphology. The results of this combined study found evidence that the ancient lakes of Chenderoh at this site was occupied during this time. This ancient lake is the same lake that existed at the time other Palaeolithic sites in the Lenggong district were occupied, such as Kota Tampan, Temelong and Bukit Jawa. However, the depth of this ancient lake was found to have fluctuated due to the influence of natural obstructions on the rivers around Lenggong. Based on this paleoenvironment reconstruction study, it was found that the Palaeolithic communities of the Middle Pleistocene at Bukit Bunuh also adapted to the lake, which was the chosen place for Palaeolithic settlements in the region. This was because the lake provided water resources, food sources and raw materials that allow for survival.
Keywords: Palaeolithic, Bukit Bunuh, paleoenvironment, geomorphology, ancient lakes, adaptationPenyelidikan arkeologi yang dijalankan di bahagian barat Kompleks Bukit Bunuh pada tahun 2008-2010 menemukan dua tapak Paleolitik terbuka yang berfungsi sebagai bengkel pembuatan alat batu Paleolitik. Bengkel tersebut berlangsung sekitar 270 000 - 320 000 dan 490 000-550 000 tahun dahulu. Bagi mengetahui adaptasi masyarakat paleolitik terhadap persekitaran, maka kajian pembinaan paleoalam dijalankan. Kajian tersebut melibatkan interpretasi terhadap geomorfologi. Hasil gabungan kajian tersebut menemukan bukti kewujudan tasik kuno Chenderoh semasa tapak ini diduduki. Tasik kuno ini ialah tasik yang sama wujud semasa tapak paleolitik lain di Lenggong dihuni, iaitu tapak Kota Tampan, Temelong dan Bukit Jawa. Namun, paras tasik kuno tersebut didapati berubah-ubah akibat dipengaruhi oleh sekatan natural terhadap sungai di sekitar Lenggong. Berdasarkan kajian pembinaan paleoalam, didapati masyarakat paleolitik pleistosen pertengahan di Bukit Bunuh turut beradaptasi dengan tasik, iaitu merupakan sekitaran yang menjadi pilihan masyarakat paleolitik di rantau ini kerana tasik menyediakan sumber air, makanan dan bahan mentah demi kelangsungan hidup.
Kata kunci: paleolitik, Bukit Bunuh, paleoalam, geomorfologi, tasik kuno, adaptas
Pemikiran Puteri Sa'dung dalam Hikayat Seri Kelantan
No full textThis research focuses on the aspect of women's intellectuality through the character of Puteri Sa'dung in Hikayat Seri Kelantan (HSK) this historiographical text, which indirectly exemplifies the thinking of the Malays. The intellectual aspect is analysed using the Sistem Pemikiran Bersepadu 4K Theory (SPB4K) propounded by Yusof Hassan. The intellectual aspect clearly shows the thinking of the Malays of old, especially that of women who had to shoulder the burden of the leadership of a kingdom. The findings of the study prove that integrated thinking, that is, spiritual thinking, unequalled thinking, scientific thinking and creative thinking are all evidenced in this work, and shed light on the thinking of the character under study. All four types of thinking display the special nature of the character's relationship with Allah SWT and with other people, as well as her problem-solving skills. The SPB4K Theory is found to be a suitable for studying traditional texts.
Keywords: intellectuality, Malay thinking, integrated thinkig, historiography.Artikel ini melihat pemikiran wanita Melayu menerusi tokoh Puteri Sa'dung dalam teks historiografi Hikayat Seri Kelantan (HSK). Aspek pemikirannya dianalisis menggunakan Teori Sistem Pemikiran Bersepadu 4K (SPB4K), iaitu teori yang diketengahkan oleh Yusof Hasan. Paparan aspek pemikirannya jelas memperlihatkan pemikiran masyarakat Melayu tradisi, khususnya golongan wanita yang menggalas peranan sebagai pemerintah sesebuah kerajaan. Dapatan kajian membuktikan bahawa pemikiran bersepadu, iaitu pemikiran kerohanian, pemikiran kebitaraan, pemikiran kesaintifikan dan pemikiran kekreatifan hadir dalam karya ini, sekali gus menjelaskan wujudnya aspek pemikiran tokoh yang dikaji. Keempat-empat pemikiran tersebut memperlihatkan keistimewaan tokoh dari segi hubungannya dengan Allah SWT dan sesama manusia, serta kemahirannya menyelesaikan masalah. Teori SPB4K merupakan suatu pendekatan yang didapati sesuai untuk diaplikasikan terhadap teks tradisional.
Kata kunci: pemikiran wanita Melayu, Puteri Sa'dung, pemikiran bersepadu, Hikayat Seri Kelanta
The Use of Dialect in the Novel Seorang Tua di Kaki Gunung
No full textKajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan membincangkan penggunaan perkataan dialek Melayu dalam novel Seorang Tua di Kaki Gunung karya Azizi Haji Abdullah. Jenis perkataan dialek yang terkandung dalam teks sumber ditentukan berpandukan definisi dialek secara umum oleh Collins (1989) dan klasifikasi khusus perkataan dialek oleh Asmah (2008), Mohammed Azlan dan Idris (2014) dan Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (2015). Kajian ini mendapati bahawa terdapat sebanyak 68 perkataan dialek Melayu dalam teks sumber, iaitu 53 perkataan dialek geografi (perkataan dialek Kedah atau Utara, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang dan Negeri Sembilan) dan 15 perkataan dialek sosial (perkataan arkaik, bahasa percakapan dan sastera lama). Penggunaan dialek Kedah atau Utara yang ketara di samping beberapa dialek sosial dilihat amat berkait rapat dengan konteks latar masa, tempat dan masyarakat dalam novel dan latar belakang pengarang sendiri.
Kata kunci: novel, sastera, Azizi Haji Abdullah, dialek MelayuThis study aims to identify and discuss the use of Malay dialectal words in the novel, Seorang Tua di Kaki Gunung, by Azizi Haji Abdullah. The types of dialectal words in the source text are determined based on the general definition of dialect by Collins (1989) and the detailed classification of dialectal words by Asmah Haji Omar (2008), Mohammed Azlan Mis and Idris Aman (2014) and Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (2015). The findings show that there are 68 Malay dialectal words in the source text, of which 53 are in the category of geographical dialect (Kedah or Northern, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and Negeri Sembilan dialects) while the remaining 15 are in the category of social dialect (archaic words, colloquial words and words from classical literature). The apparent use of the Kedah or Northern dialect besides other social dialects is closely related to the time, place and social settings of the novel as well as the author's own background.
Keywords: novel, literature, Azizi Haji Abdullah, Malay dialec
Komunikasi Interpersonal sebagai Penyelesaian Konflik Diplomatik Kerajaan Melayu
No full textInterpersonal communication is an important element in the management of a government organization. In diplomatic relations, interpersonal communication tests an individual's or a group's ability to convey the message of peace. The ability to convey information clearly and thus avoiding misunderstanding, especially in resolving conflicts that may occur, builds trust among governments. Without skill in interpersonal communication, it becomes difficult for a government to maintain existing relations, or build new ones. This research was carried out to (i) analyse the interpersonal communication implemented by the Malay Sultanates as the main mechanism in resolving diplomatic conflicts, and (ii) explain the implications of the implementation of interpersonal communication in resolving conflicts among kingdoms. Data was collected through library research, and this discussion focuses on Hikayat Hang Tuah and Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah as the primary material. The findings of this study show that the sending of envoys was an effective strategy of interpersonal communication in solving conflicts that arose, whether in terms of existing or new diplomatic relations. These envoys employed various strategies in their interpersonal communication, which were key to the success of their missions. The findings also show that the administration and government of a kingdom stabilized with the development of its economy, politics, culture and society.
Keywords: interpersonal communication, conflict, diplomacy, governmentKomunikasi interpersonal merupakan elemen penting dalam pengurusan sesebuah organisasi kerajaan. Dalam hubungan diplomatik, komunikasi interpersonal dapat menguji kemampuan seseorang individu atau secara berkumpulan dalam menyampaikan mesej keamanan. Kebolehan dalam menyampaikan maklumat dengan jelas mampu mengelakkan kesalahfahaman terutamanya, dalam menyelesaikan konflik yang berlaku di samping dapat membina kepercayaan antara kerajaan. Tanpa kemahiran dalam hubungan komunikasi interpersonal, agak sukar sesebuah kerajaan meneruskan hubungan sedia ada mahupun yang ingin membina hubungan baharu. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk (i) menganalisis komunikasi interpersonal yang diimplementasi oleh pemerintah kerajaan Melayu sebagai mekanisme utama dalam penyelesaian konflik hubungan diplomatik, dan (ii) menghuraikan implikasi implementasi komunikasi interpersonal tersebut dalam menyelesaikan konflik yang wujud antara kerajaan. Data yang diperoleh menerusi kaedah kepustakaan dan bahan utama perbincangan berfokuskan pada Hikayat Hang Tuah dan Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa penghantaran utusan kerajaan merupakan implementasi komunikasi interpersonal yang berkesan dalam menyelesaikan konflik yang wujud sama ada hubungan diplomatik tersebut telah terbentuk ataupun baharu dibentuk. Utusan kerajaan membina pelbagai strategi dalam mengimplementasikan komunikasi interpersonal yang merupakan kunci untuk mencapai misi mereka. Dapatan juga menunjukkan bahawa pemerintahan dan pentadbiran sesebuah kerajaan semakin mantap dengan perkembangan kemajuan ekonomi, politik, budaya dan sosial.
Kata kunci: komunikasi interpersonal, konflik, diplomatik, kerajaa
Keadilan Restoratif dalam Resolusi Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu: Hak Tertuduh dan Hak Mangsa Jenayah
No full textThis study analyses the definition and the concept of restorative justice, and how restorative justice is different from retributive justice. Referring to the principles provided by the United Nations known as the 'Basic Principles on the use of Restorative Justice Programmes in Criminal Matters', this study analyses how restorative justice protects and balances the rights of offenders and the victims. This study was also conducted to examine the legal position in Malaysia, especially under the Criminal Procedure Code Act 2012 on restorative justice. This study also determines whether the law under the Malaysian Criminal Procedure Code Act is sufficient to protect and to balance the rights of offenders and the victims, as it is in restorative justice. The principles of restorative justice provided by the United Nations can be used as reference and as a benchmark for Malaysia to implement restorative justice in the criminal justice system.
Keywords: restorative justice, rights of the accused, rights of victimsArtikel ini menganalisis definisi dan konsep keadilan restoratif, serta membandingkannya dengan keadilan retributif. Merujuk prinsip Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice Programmes in Criminal Matters, artikel ini menganalisis kaedah keadilan restoratif yang melindungi hak pesalah dan hak mangsa jenayah, serta melihat kedudukan Akta Kanun Tatacara Jenayah 2012 sama ada melindungi hak pesalah dan hak mangsa jenayah atau tidak seperti pendekatan keadilan restoratif. Hasil kajian mendapati walaupun Malaysia tidak melaksanakan keadilan restoratif, namun terdapat elemen keadilan restoratif dalam akta tersebut yang menjaga hak pesalah dan hak mangsa. Prinsip keadilan restoratif yang digariskan oleh PBB boleh dijadikan rujukan oleh Malaysia sekiranya ingin melaksanakan keadilan restoratif bagi menambah baik sistem keadilan jenayah sedia ada.
Kata kunci: keadilan restoratif, hak tertuduh, hak mangsa, keadilan retributif, kes jenaya
Spiritualisme Dewa dan Simbolisme Dewa-Raja dalam Kesusasteraan Melayu Klasik
No full textThe advent of Hinduism and Buddhism in Nusantara in the seventh century until the fourteenth century ushered in a period of great influence by Hinduism-Buddhism ideology in the Malay world. These two religious beliefs had left a cultural impact which changed the values and worldview of the Malays who practiced animism and ancestral religion before the advent of Islam. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the symbolism of devarāja (god-king) which manifested through the practice of cult in the Malay society and to a certain extent is reflected in classical Malay literary works. The data collection was made using primary sources such as Hikayat Banjar, Hikayat Parang Puting, Hikayat Sang Boma, Hikayat Panji Semirang and Hikayat Malim Deman. The choice of these classical literatures was considered as neutral due to the classics belonging to different genres, such as historical texts, Panji tales, Hindu based literature, Islamic transition texts. The results of this study demonstrate the different styles of writing that had been used to highlight the symbolism of devarāja (god-king) in order to highlight the sovereignty of the Malay rulers.
Keywords: spiritualism, god, symbolism, devaraja, classical literature, Hindu-Buddha, universal outlook, sovereignty of Malay rulersPerkembangan agama Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara pada abad ke-7 hingga abad ke-14 Masihi menampakkan penularan pengaruh Hinduisme-Buddhisme ke dalam dunia Melayu. Hal ini memberikan kesan, terutamanya terhadap nilai kebudayaan yang sekali gus mengubah pandangan semesta orang Melayu di Nusantara yang sebelumnya mengamalkan animisme dan agama nenek moyang. Makalah ini menganalisis simbolisme dewa-raja yang bukan hanya dijadikan kultus dalam masyarakat di Asia Tenggara, malah turut tercermin dalam karya kesusasteraan Melayu klasik. Pengumpulan data dibuat menggunakan sumber primer yang terbatas kepada lima teks sastera klasik Melayu seperti Hikayat Banjar, Hikayat Parang Puting, Hikayat Sang Boma, Hikayat Panji Semirang dan Hikayat Malim Deman. Pemilihan sampel kajian adalah neutral kerana dipilih mengikut genre yang berbeza, iaitu sastera sejarah, sastera panji, sastera saduran Hindu dan sastera transisi Islam. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan kepelbagaian cara kepengarangan digunakan untuk menonjolkan simbolisme dewa-raja yang menyerlahkan kedaulatan raja-raja Melayu
Kata kunci: spiritualisme dewa, simbolisme dewa-raja, sastera klasik, Hindu-Buddha, pandangan semesta, kedaulatan raja-raja Melay