Jurnal Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
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Hubungan Preposisi dalam Gerak Ruang Bahasa Melayu Berdasarkan Representasi Struktur Konseptual dengan Representasi Ruang
No full textMotion is a change from one location to another location. The typology of motion requires the prepositions as indicators and main components to express the direction of motion. Consequently, this study focuses on spatial motion and prepositions that are present simultaneously such as dari, daripada, ke, kepada, di, di seberang, di sekitar, di sekeliling and di sepanjang, by focusing on conceptual (abstract) structure perspective. This research uses data acquired from the database of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Malaysia as material and sample of study. Conceptual Structure Theory (CST) (Jackendoff 1997 & 2011) was used to analyse the data. The argument is arranged according to three main hierarchies: argument-adjunct rules, conceptual structure representation and spatial representation. The findings reveal the existence of directional spatial motion, additive motion, becoming motion and orientative motion in function of [EVENT] and [STATE] that can predict the existence of prepositions such as dari, daripada, ke, kepada, di, di seberang, di sekitar, di sekeliling and di sepanjang in bound direction, directive direction and path direction. Spatial representation also demonstrates the involvement of dimension conceptualization such as DIM 0D, DIM 2 (0+E) DIR and DIM 2 (0+E) DIR. Overall, this study shows the relationship of motion and prepositions in conceptual structure representation with spatial representation.
Keywords: Motion, preposition, argument-adjung, conseptual, spatialGerak merupakan perubahan dari satu lokasi ke lokasi yang lain. Tipologi gerak ini memerlukan peranan preposisi sebagai indikator dan komponen utama bagi mengekspresikan arah gerak tersebut. Kajian ini tertumpu pada gerak ruang dan preposisi yang hadir bersama-samanya seperti dari, daripada, ke, kepada, di, di seberang, di sekitar, di sekeliling dan di sepanjang dengan memberikan fokus pada sudut pandangan struktur konseptual (abstrak). Data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini diambil daripada Pangkalan Data Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Malaysia sebagai bahan dan contoh kajian. Penganalisisan data menggunakan Teori Struktur Konseptual (TSK) oleh Jackendoff (1997 & 2011). Pemetaan argumen ini merangkumi tiga tatatingkat utama, iaitu pemetaan kepada representasi Peraturan Argumen-Adjung, representasi struktur konseptual dan representasi ruang. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan, kehadiran gerak ruang bersifat arah, tambah, menjadi dan orientasi hadir dalam fungsi [PERISTIWA] dan [KEADAAN] yang boleh diramalkan kehadiran preposisinya seperti dari, daripada, ke, kepada, di, di seberang, di sekitar, di sekeliling dan di sepanjang dalam hala bersifat terikat, arah dan laluan. Representasi ruang juga menunjukkan adanya pengkonseptualan dimensi yang terlibat seperti DIM 0D, DIM 2 (0+E) DIR dan DIM 2 (0 + E) DIR. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini telah menunjukkan hubungan gerak dan preposisi dalam representasi struktur konseptual bersama representasi ruang.
Kata kunci: gerak, preposisi, argumen-adjung, konseptual, ruan
Analisis Fonologi Subdialek Melayu Kedah Kunluang dalam Wayang Kulit Seri Asun
No full textThis study discusses and analyses the phonology of the Kedah Malay Kunluang sub-dialect (SMKK) in the Wayang Kulit Seri Asun. The Kedah Malay Kunluang sub-dialect (SMKK) is one of the sub-dialects of northern Kedah, and is spoken from northeastern Jitra to the Thailand-Malaysia border, according to Asmah (1988). This study aims (1) to complement the study of subdialectal variations of areas, districts and sub-districts and (2) to study if there is any element of influence from the Kedah Siamese dialect in SMKK. The data analysis was performed based on the phonological processes according to the Generative Phonological Theory of Chomsky and Halle (1968). Analysis of the data is described from input (Underlying Structure) to the output (Surface Structure) to provide a representation of the actual pronunciation of SMKK native speakers. The findings of this study show that phonological processes that occur in SMKK consists of diphthongization, vowel lengthening, vowel lowering, consonant replacement, consonant changes, nasal assimilation, consonant deletion, glottalization, vowel nasalization, and insertion. This shows that SMKK phonological processes are in unity with the Kedah Standard dialect and have not received any influence from the Kedah Siam dialect, even though SMKK is spoken in the Kubang Pasu district near Padang Terap, Kuala Nerang and others that have received obvious influences from the Kedah Siam dialect.
Keywords: Phonology, phonological processes, Malay Kedah dialect, the Malay Kedah Kunluang sub-dialect, Wayang Kulit Seri AsunKajian ini membincangkan dan menganalisis fonologi subdialek Melayu Kedah Kunluang dalam Wayang Kulit Seri Asun (SMKK). Subdialek Melayu Kedah Kunluang ini terangkum dalam subdialek Kedah Utara, yakni subdialek yang dituturkan meliputi timur laut Jitra hingga ke sempadan Thailand-Malaysia (Asmah, 1988). Kajian ini diketengahkan untuk, (1) menampung kelompangan kajian variasi subdialek di kawasan, daerah dan mukim, (2) mengkaji sekiranya terdapat unsur pengaruh variasi dialek Kedah Siam dalam SMKK. Analisis data kajian dijalankan berlandaskan proses fonologi mengikut Teori Fonologi Generatif oleh Chomsky dan Halle (1968). Analisis data ini akan dihuraikan daripada input (struktur dalaman) kepada output (struktur permukaan) untuk menggambarkan representasi sebutan sebenar dalam SMKK. Dapatan analisis kajian memperlihatkan proses fonologi yang berlaku dalam SMKK ialah pendiftongan, pemanjangan vokal, perendahan vokal, penggantian konsonan, perubahan konsonan, asimilasi nasal, pengguguran konsonan, pengglotisan, penasalan vokal dan penyisipan. Hal ini menjelaskan bahawa proses fonologi SMKK adalah seragam dengan dialek Kedah Standard dan tidak menerima sebarang pengaruh daripada variasi dialek Kedah Siam, walaupun SMKK dituturkan di daerah Kubang Pasu berhampiran dengan daerah Padang Terap, Kuala Nerang dan lain-lain yang jelas menerima pengaruh daripada variasi dialek Kedah Siam.
Kata kunci: fonologi, proses fonologi, dialek Melayu Kedah, subdialek Melayu Kedah Kunluang, Wayang Kulit Seri Asu
Pengaruh Bahasa Melayu dalam Bahasa Dusun Brunei
No full textThe Brunei Dusun ethnic group, also known as Sang Jati Dusun, is one of the seven ethnic groups in Brunei Darussalam. The Dusuns have their own distinctive language which is still practised by some of the members of this group today. However, many are unaware that their language has been influenced by the Brunei Malay language. The objectives of this study are to identify the influence of the Malay language on the Dusun language and the cause of the influence. There are three linguistic aspects regarding the influence of the Malay language that are discussed, which are the spelling, phonology and the language affixes of the Dusun language. The source for the main study are vocabulary items taken from Yabit's (1994) thesis entitled The Reconstruction of Pre-Dusun and the Classification of its Descendants (2011); the book entitled Daftar Leksikal 7 Dialek Brunei Darussalam (2011); Kamus Sang Jati Dusun (2014); as well as lexical items known by the researcher. The respective vocabulary items are compared with the linguistic aspects of the Brunei Malay language. Subsequently, this paper discusses some of the possible causes that may have influenced the Dusun language. Among these are that the two languages originate from the same clusters of Austronesian, the strong cognate between the Dusun language and the Malay language, the Brunei education system, the migration of the Dusun tribes to the shoreline, and socio-economic factors. Finally, it is hoped that this study will provide additional information on the ethnic languages in Brunei and raise awareness among the Dusun community about how their language has been affected by the influence of Malay.
Keywords: Brunei Dusun language, influence of Malay Language, Sang Jati Dusun, spelling, phonology, affixPuak Dusun dikenali dengan nama Sang Jati merupakan salah satu daripada tujuh puak jati di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Puak Dusun Brunei mempunyai bahasanya yang tersendiri dan masih dipraktikkan oleh sebahagian masyarakat Dusun sehingga hari ini. Namun begitu, ramai yang tidak menyedari bahasa Dusun di Brunei telah dipengaruhi oleh bahasa Melayu Brunei. Kajian mengenai isu tersebut agak kurang diberikan perhatian. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh bahasa Melayu dalam bahasa Dusun dan mengenal pasti punca pengaruh tersebut. Terdapat tiga aspek linguistik yang disentuh untuk melihat pengaruh bahasa Melayu, iaitu ejaan bahasa Dusun, fonologi bahasa Dusun dan imbuhan bahasa Dusun. Bahan kajian utama ialah kosa kata bahasa Dusun yang direkodkan dalam tesis Yabit (1994) yang bertajuk The Recostruction of Pre-Dusun and the Classification of its Decendents.; buku Daftar Leksikal 7 Dialek Brunei Darussalam (2011); Kamus Sang Jati Dusun (2014) serta; leksikal bahasa Dusun. Kosa kata berkenaan dibandingkan dengan aspek linguistik bahasa Melayu Brunei. Pengaruh terhadap bahasa Dusun yang dibincangkan termasuklah faktor bahasa serumpun, sistem pendidikan, perpindahan puak Dusun, sosial dan ekonomi. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan tambahan mengenai bahasa etnik di Brunei dan meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat Dusun mengenai bahasa mereka yang terkesan oleh pengaruh bahasa Melayu.
Kata kunci: bahasa Dusun Brunei, pengaruh bahasa Melayu, Sang Jati Dusun, ejaan, fonologi, imbuha
Analisis Proses I'lal Dalam Perkataan Bahasa Arab Sebelum Dipinjamkan kepada Bahasa Melayu
No full textThis paper analyses and interprets the changes of sound contained in Arabic words prior to being borrowed by the Malay language, whereby sound changes in the study of Arabic are specifically known as the i'lal process. A study that specializes in the etymological aspects requires reference to Arabic dictionaries and a sound knowledge of word origins and root words in the source language before the i'lal process occurred. This is because the search for a word in the Arabic dictionary is based on its root word and not on the direct phonetic representation of the word. This study is aimed to expose users of the Malay language to the origins of the words in the i'lal process of the Arabic language before being loaned to the Malay language. The study employed secondary data obtained from the Mu'jam Mufradat al-Ibdal wa al-i'lal fi al-Quran al-Karim dictionary and the Malay-language corpus of DBP. This study uses the theoretical framework of moraic phonology to explain the phonological process involved in the input to its phonetic representation. This study found that the process of sound changes from the input to the output of words occurs through compensatory lengthening as a result of the processes of deletion, resyllabification, lengthening and delinking as the study is limited to researching aspects of lengthening only.
Keywords: i'lal, Arabic language, Malay language, phonology, mora, phonetic representationArtikel ini menganalisis dan mentafsirkan perubahan bunyi yang terdapat dalam perkataan bahasa Arab sebelum dipinjamkan dalam bahasa Melayu, perubahan bunyi tersebut dalam kajian Arab secara khusus dikenali sebagai proses i'lal. Sesuatu kajian yang mengkhususkan aspek etimologi yang memerlukan rujukan terhadap kamus Arab tentang asal kata dan kata akar sebelum terlaksananya proses i'lal dalam bahasa sumber. Pencarian sesuatu perkataan dalam kamus Arab berdasarkan kata akarnya dan bukannya berdasarkan representasi fonetik kata secara langsung. Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mendedahkan kepada pengguna bahasa Melayu tentang asal usul perkataan yang melibatkan proses i'lal dalam kata bahasa Arab sebelum dipinjamkan ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini memanfaatkan data sekunder yang diperoleh daripada kamus Mu'jam Mufradat al-Ibdal wa al-i'lal fi al-Quran al-Karim dan korpus DBP. Kerangka teoretis fonologi mora digunakan bagi menjelaskan proses fonologi daripada input kepada representasi fonetik. Perubahan bunyi daripada input kepada output dilaksanakan melalui pemanjangan kompensatori hasil daripada pelaksanaan pengguguran, penyukuan semula, pemanjangan dan penyahhubungan, walau bagaimanapun, kajian ini dihadkan penelitiannya kepada aspek pemanjangan sahaja.
Kata kunci: i'lal, bahasa Arab, bahasa Melayu, fonologi, mora, representasi foneti
The Translation of Islamic Rituals in the Novel Rimba Harapan into French
No full textElemen keagamaan merupakan aspek budaya yang sering menimbulkan masalah dalam terjemahan. Hal ini sedemikian kerana elemen keagamaan yang tertentu lazimnya hanya benar-benar dapat difahami oleh masyarakat yang mengamalkan ajaran agama tersebut. Jika elemen keagamaan tersebut ingin disampaikan kepada kumpulan pembaca yang lain yang mempunyai kepercayaan yang berlainan dan menggunakan bahasa yang berlainan, penterjemah perlu mencari mekanisme yang sesuai untuk menyampaikan maksud elemen keagamaan tersebut. Dengan mengambil kira hal ini, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti cara elemen ritual Islam yang terkandung dalam novel Rimba Harapan diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Perancis. Untuk menjalankan kajian ini, pertama sekali elemen ritual Islam dalam novel ini dikenal pasti. Kemudian, setiap ritual Islam yang dikenal pasti ini dicari padanannya dalam teks terjemahan bahasa Perancis. Seterusnya, data yang dikutip yang terdiri daripada pasangan perkataan bahasa Melayu-bahasa Perancis dianalisis dengan menggunakan kerangka prosedur terjemahan yang dicadangkan oleh Franco Aixelá (1996). Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, terdapat 31 elemen ritual Islam dalam novel bahasa Melayu. Analisis terhadap pasangan perkataan bahasa Melayu-bahasa Perancis menunjukkan bahawa penterjemah menggunakan kedua-dua prosedur pengekalan dan penggantian dalam proses terjemahan. Melalui penggunaan kedua-dua prosedur ini, dapat disimpulkan bahawa penterjemah bukan sahaja cuba untuk mengekalkan keaslian teks sumber, iaitu melalui penggunaan prosedur pengekalan tetapi juga cuba untuk memastikan pembaca sasaran dapat memahami teks terjemahan dengan baik, iaitu melalui penggunaan prosedur penggantian.
Kata kunci: Elemen budaya, ritual keagamaan, Islam, prosedur terjemahan, kesusasteraan MelayuReligious elements are cultural aspects that often pose a problem in translation due to the fact that certain religious elements can only be fully understood by the people who practice the religion. If these religious elements need to be conveyed to a group of readers who have different beliefs and who use a different language, the translator needs to find a suitable mechanism in order to transmit these religious elements to the reader. In view of this, the aim of this study is to determine how Islamic rituals found in the novel Rimba Harapan [Jungle of Hope] are translated into French. To carry out the study, Islamic rituals in the novel were first identified. Each Islamic ritual was then mapped to its equivalent in the French translation. Next, the data collected in the form of Malay-French word pairs was analysed using the framework of translation procedures proposed by Franco Aixelá (1996). The analysis carried out revealed a total of 31 Islamic rituals in the Malay novel. An analysis of the Malay-French word pairs shows that the translator used both techniques-retention and substitution-in the process of translating. Through the use of both techniques, it can be concluded that the translator attempted not only to retain the originality of the source text, specifically through retention, but also to ensure that the target readers are able to fully understand the translation, specifically through substitution.
Keywords: Cultural elements, religious rituals, Islam, translation procedures, Malay literatur
Interlok from a Multiculturalism Perspective
No full textInterlok may be read as a multiculturalism narrative that depicts the process of building a national identity, which develops from a rigid ethnic identity. Through the narrative of social events, an envisioning of a gradual formation of a national identity, situated within a multicultural space is presented by the author. This vision of multiculturalism is perhaps an ideal, but it reflects the author's optimism for a future where a nation can be formed from the unity of its multicultural diversity. This ideal form of multiculturalism goes beyond assimilation as it is indeed a kind of integration that emphasizes on the culture of the majority as the dominant culture. The practice of this dominant culture must be just and equal as it evolves into the ideal national culture. However, this vision may have its detractors. It may give rise to a false identity that differs from the social identity of the real world. Nevertheless, this paper argues that the author's vision for the formation of the ideal national identity in Malaysia's multicultural society is one that is visionary and forward-looking showcasing his effort in promoting positive values in society through literature.
Keywords: Abdullah Hussain, Interlok, multiculturalis
A Comparative Study Between the Law of Evidence Used in the Syariah Court And the Civil Court in Malaysia in the Context of Methods of Proof and Shariah Law
No full textThe focus of this study is to examine the similarities and differences between the Syariah Court Evidence (Federal Territories) Act 1997 (Act 561) and the Evidence Act 1950 (Act 56) which is applied in civil courts in the context of the methods of proving, and to study comparatively the implications as a result of adaptation and harmonisation. The study adopts a qualitative approach by analysing the provisions of relevant laws and is supplemented by interviews. The findings show that Act 561 provides for seven methods of proving, while five are adapted from Act 56. The findings also indicate that the use of qarinah (circumstancial evidence) in the Syariah Court Evidence Act differs from the methods of proving in syarak (Islamic law). Where evidence is concerned, the adaptation and Islamization of enactments has resulted in several issues that need to be addressed and fine-tuned in order to be comprehensive and complete references for application in the Syariah Courts, especially concerning methods of proving.
Keywords: proving, methods of proving, Syariah Court Evidence Enactment, Evidence Act 1950.Artikel ini melihat aspek persamaan dan perbezaan antara enakmen keterangan mahkamah syariah, iaitu Akta Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah Wilayah-wilayah Persekutuan 1997 (Akta 561) dengan Akta Keterangan 1950 (Akta 56) yang diguna pakai di mahkamah sivil dalam konteks kaedah pembuktian, serta membandingkan implikasi yang wujud hasil proses adaptasi dan harmonisasi. Kajian yang bersifat kualitatif ini mengaplikasikan instrumen analisis kandungan terhadap peruntukan undang-undang, selain menggunakan kaedah temu bual. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat tujuh kaedah pembuktian yang diperuntukkan di bawah Akta 561 dan lima daripadanya diadaptasi daripada Akta 56, sementara pemakaian qarinah pula dilihat berbeza dari perspektif syarak. Oleh itu, proses adaptasi dan Islamisasi dalam enakmen keterangan mahkamah syariah menimbulkan beberapa isu berbangkit, terutama yang berhubung dengan kaedah pembuktian yang perlu dihalusi supaya menjadi suatu rujukan yang lebih lengkap dan komprehensif untuk diguna pakai di mahkamah syariah.
Kata kunci: pembuktian, kaedah pembuktian, enakmen keterangan mahkamah syariah, Akta Keterangan 195
Tema Keklasikan dalam Bentuk Seni Bina Melayu: Prinsip daripada Golongan Bangsawan
No full textThe term 'classical' in past South East Asian and Malay writings, architectural discourse, cultural studies and urbanism relates to a notion of 'purity' of form, and the traditional vocabulary and forms arising mainly from timber constructions and compositions. This article challenges the current definition by linking it to an aristocratic realm, and argues that selected palaces and mansions of the Malay world embody these universally-understood principles, rules and themes. Such rules of classicality include a keen sense of symmetry, proportionality in form, controlled decorative character and clean lines. This paper explores the frontages and elevational character of these palaces and highlights the underlying themes as reflections of 'the assertive character of aristocratic classicality' which heightened in the context of the evolvement of Malay socio-polities, reflected in certain palatial buildings and aristocratic houses of the late 1800s and early 1900s. The incursion of colonial influences resulted in the evolving of hybrid forms as the Malay socio-cultural landscape underwent changes due to new economic energies and technologies. These palaces reflect local architectural form which underwent changes in technology but essentially held on to the essence of the Malay form. The language of the Malay 'classical' depicts attributes of 'classicality' and a 'highly refined' style, and also reflects certain timeless rules of form. The evolution of these classical forms was occasionally 'interrupted' by colonial elements juxtaposed upon the original Malay forms. Though at times this diluted the original Malay essence, it did not compromise it. The Malay elements which survived the onslaught of modernity through colonialism can be considered key rules of Malay architectural and urban character. These are argued as belonging to the same ‘tree’ of Malay architecture which absorbed colonial vocabulary yet has the same root and genealogy.
Keywords: Malay classical style, regionalism, hybridity, architectural tectonics, South-East Asian architectureIstilah "klasik" dalam hasil penulisan, wacana seni bina, pengajian budaya, serta urbanisme Asia Tenggara dan Melayu pada zaman dahulu biasanya mempunyai kaitan dengan idea bentuk yang "suci" dan juga berkaitan dengan kosa kata tradisional, serta binaan kayu dan gubahan. Artikel ini mencabar definisi semasa dengan mengaitkan istilah ini dengan golongan bangsawan, serta mengemukakan pendapat bahawa istana dan rumah agam dunia Melayu merupakan manifestasi prinsip, unsur dan tema yang umumnya dianggap sebagai "klasik". Unsur keklasikan termasuklah kepekaan terhadap simetri atau kesekataan, keseimbangan bentuk, hiasan yang sederhana dan seni reka yang tidak sarat. Artikel ini meneliti ciri buka depan dan dongakan istana lama, serta mendedahkan tema yang tersembunyi sebagai cerminan ciri keklasikan bangsawan yang agak dominan dan semakin meningkat seiring dengan konteks evolusi sosiopolitik Melayu, seperti yang tercermin dalam reka bentuk beberapa istana dan rumah agam golongan bangsawan pada akhir abad ke-19 hingga awal abad ke-20an. Pengaruh seni bina penjajah Barat menghasilkan bentuk kacukan pada ketika sosiobudaya Melayu mengalami perubahan akibat perkembangan ekonomi dan teknologi baharu. Istana yang dibina pada zaman ini menunjukkan perubahan dalam seni bina tempatan dari segi teknologi tetapi pada dasarnya masih mengekalkan unsur bentuk seni bina Melayu asli. Istilah "klasik" Melayu menggambarkan ciri "keklasikan" dan "kehalusan" gaya, serta mencerminkan unsur bentuk yang tidak lapuk dek zaman. Evolusi bentuk klasik ini adakalanya "diganggu" oleh unsur kolonial yang digunakan bersama-sama ciri bentuk seni bina Melayu asli. Pengaruh ini sedikit sebanyak menghakis unsur Melayu asli tetapi tidak menjejaskannya secara menyeluruh. Unsur Melayu yang mampu bertahan walaupun menghadapi arus kemodenan akibat penjajahan Barat merupakan unsur utama seni bina dan ciri urbanisme Melayu. Unsur inilah yang dibincangkan dalam artikel ini yang berasal daripada tunjang seni bina Melayu yang sama dari segi asal usul dan salasilah, meskipun menyerapkan kata-kata kolonial.
Kata kunci: gaya Melayu klasik, kewilayahan, kekacukan, peralihan seni bina, seni bina Asia Tenggar
Tabii Tanda Bahasa dari Kaca Mata Syeikh Ahmad al-Fathani: Suatu Gagasan Pemikiran
No full textThis paper discusses the linguistic philosophy of one of the great scholars in the Malay world, Syeikh Ahmad al-Fathani. The discussions in this paper lay out questions pertinent to the nature of linguistic signs, and find that Syeikh Ahmad had sophisticated thoughts concerning this matter. His idea can be related to the same notion proposed by the father of modern linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure. This paper suggests that Syeikh Ahmad should be classified as a linguist who recognized the arbitrariness of linguistic signs, which does not accept the idea of natural relationships between signs and the signified or meaning in linguistics. This means that Syeikh Ahmad's position was pin line with the Basra School, if the relation is seen through the tradition of Islamic scholarship. This also shows that the awareness, of the nature of linguistic signs had already been established in Malayonesia.
Keywords: Syeikh Ahmad al-Fathani, Ferdinand de Saussure, linguistic historiography, Malay linguistic historiography, philosophy of language.Artikel ini membincangkan falsafah bahasa seorang ilmuwan besar alam Melayu, iaitu Syeikh Ahmad al-Fathani tentang persoalan tabii tanda bahasa. Menerusi pendekatan historiografi linguistik dan pemeribumian ilmu, artikel cuba membuktikan Syeikh Ahmad mempunyai falsafah dan pemikiran tentang persoalan tabii tanda bahasa yang bitara dan canggih, serta sesuai dengan semangat zamannya. Antara gagasan pemikiran beliau termasuklah yang berkait dengan persoalan sifat tanda bahasa yang arbitrari dan bahasa sebagai ijmak penutur yang setara dengan idea bapa linguistik moden, iaitu Ferdinand de Saussure. Hasil kajian mendapati Syeikh Ahmad wajar digolongkan sebagai bahasawan yang berpegang pada gagasan "tanda bahasa bersifat arbitrari" yang tidak menerima adanya hubungan alamiah antara tanda dengan petanda atau makna, yang sealiran dengan fahaman Basra dalam tradisi keilmuan Islam. Penemuan ini membuktikan bahawa hal tanda dan makna juga tidak asing di alam Melayu.
Kata kunci: Syeikh Ahmad al-Fathani, Ferdinand de Saussure, historiografi linguistik, historiografi linguistik Melayu, falsafah bahas
Kerangka Asas Undang-undang Pentadbiran Slot Lapangan Terbang di Malaysia
No full textAirport slots refer concerns the managing of the processes surrounding the landing or departure of an aircraft to ensure the airport is able to receive landings and departures, especially when there are multiple requests from aircraft operators at one time. Slots need to be managed and managed in order to ensure that the airport's capacity and facilities are able to support the demand for landings and departuresm, especially during the busiest times. The provision of airport slots in Malaysia relies on the World Slot Guidelines (WSG, GPSD in Bahasa Melayu) introduced by International Air Transport Association (IATA). At present, there are no written laws governing airport slots in Malaysia. Thus, this article examines the extent to which the WSG rules bind the slot allocation administration system in Malaysia using comparative law methodology. The findings show that there are still too many gaps and shortcomings in the laws associated with slot management. The current WSG model is not made express in the MAVCOM Act 2015 or any provision of law governing the aviation sector. At the same time, the application of the provisions of competition law in the management of slots also needs to be clarified.
Keywords : international law, aviation law, airport slotsSlot lapangan terbang merujuk proses melakukan pendaratan atau perlepasan bagi sesebuah pesawat udara yang perlu ditadbir untuk memastikan lapangan terbang berupaya menerima pendaratan dan perlepasan, terutamanya apabila terdapat banyak permintaan daripada pengendali pesawat udara pada sesuatu masa. Peruntukan slot di Malaysia bergantung pada Garis Panduan Slot Dunia (GPSD) yang diperkenalkan oleh Persatuan Pengangkutan Udara Antarabangsa. Walau bagaimanapun, peruntukan tersebut tidak dikanunkan sebagai suatu peruntukan undang-undang. Oleh itu, artikel ini akan mengkaji sejauh manakah peraturan GPSD mengikat sistem pentadbiran peruntukan slot di Malaysia menggunakan kaedah perbandingan undang-undang. Hasil kajian mendapati masih terlalu banyak kelompangan dan kekurangan dalam undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan pengurusan slot. Model GPSD yang diguna pakai pada masa ini tidak dinyatakan secara statutori dalam Akta Suruhanjaya Penerbangan Malaysia (ASPM) 2015 atau mana-mana peruntukan undang-undang yang mentadbir sektor penerbangan. Pada masa yang sama, pemakaian peruntukan undang-undang persaingan dalam pengurusan persaingan juga perlu diperjelas.
Kata kunci: undang-undang antarabangsa, undang-undang sektor penerbangan, slot lapangan terban