Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Wartość odżywcza, walory prozdrowotne oraz znaczenie dietetyczne warzyw o jadalnych liściach
Full text linkVegetables with edible leaves are a key element of healthy eating habits and an important source of bioactive substances, including antioxidants: flavonoids, tocopherols and L-ascorbic acid. This group includes various species of plants with edible leaves, petioles and whole leaf rosettes. Due to global consumption and economic importance, the main species of leafy vegetables are: lettuce, spinach and chicory. A special feature of leafy vegetables is their unique chemical composition and properties. These plants contain cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin substances, dietary fiber, protein, minerals, vitamins and other bioactive compounds. They have a low energy density and are recommended for maintaining a healthy body weight. Vegetables with edible leaves contribute to increasing the amount of nutrients and health-promoting compounds in the diet, are helpful in maintaining health and preventing various diseases. Consuming these products is a good way to balance the diet and supplement the pool of nutrients necessary for good health and well-being.Warzywa o jadalnych liściach są kluczowym elementem zdrowych nawyków żywieniowych i ważnym źródłem substancji bioaktywnych, w tym przeciwutleniaczy: flawonoidów, tokoferoli i kwasu L-askorbinowego. W tej grupie klasyfikuje się różne gatunki roślin o jadalnych liściach, ogonkach liściowych i całych rozetach liściowych. Ze względu na światowe spożycie i znaczenie ekonomiczne, głównymi gatunkami warzyw liściowych są: sałata, szpinak i cykoria. Szczególną cechą tych warzyw jest ich wyjątkowy skład chemiczny i właściwości. Rośliny te zawierają celulozę, hemicelulozę i substancje pektynowe, błonnik pokarmowy, białko, składniki mineralne, witaminy i inne składniki bioaktywne. Mają niską gęstość energetyczną i zalecane są w utrzymaniu prawidłowej masy ciała. Warzywa o jadalnych liściach przyczyniają się do zwiększenia ilości składników odżywczych i prozdrowotnych w diecie, są pomocne w utrzymaniu zdrowia i zapobieganiu różnym chorobom. Spożywanie tych produktów jest dobrym sposobem zrównoważenia diety i uzupełnienia puli składników odżywczych niezbędnych dla dobrego zdrowia i samopoczucia
Preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of non-fungicide methods of maize seed treatment
Full text linkMany plant diseases are transmitted through seeds. Thus, seed dressing is the first and most important protective measure. It promotes germination, increases seed vigour, improves rooting, and effectively controls pathogens. Due to the reduction of chemical plant protection products on the market, new products are being sought. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to preliminarily assess non-fungicidal methods that significantly reduce seed contamination before sprouting and do not affect germination rates and initial maize growth. The following non-fungicidal seed surface-sterilisation methods were tested: hypochlorous acid, sodium and calcium hypochlorite, peracetic acid and non-ionic nanosilver for 5, 10, 20 or 30 minutes of soaking. Dish and pot experiments were carried out. Among the tested treatments, hypochlorous acid and calcium hypochlorite were the most effective, resulting in the least seed contamination and the highest maize germination. These treatments also significantly enhanced plant height, root elongation and its fresh weight. However, the remaining treatment methods using sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid and nanosilver were ineffective. Additionally, a pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of non-fungicide seed treatments. The positive effect of hypochlorous acid and calcium hypochlorite on germination capacity, plant growth and weight, as well as its physiological condition, was also confirmed.Many plant diseases are transmitted through seeds. Thus, seed dressing is the first and most important protective measure. It promotes germination, increases seed vigour, improves rooting, and effectively controls pathogens. Due to the reduction of chemical plant protection products on the market, new products are being sought. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to preliminarily assess non-fungicidal methods that significantly reduce seed contamination before sprouting and do not affect germination rates and initial maize growth. The following non-fungicidal seed surface-sterilisation methods were tested: hypochlorous acid, sodium and calcium hypochlorite, peracetic acid and non-ionic nanosilver for 5, 10, 20 or 30 minutes of soaking. Dish and pot experiments were carried out. Among the tested treatments, hypochlorous acid and calcium hypochlorite were the most effective, resulting in the least seed contamination and the highest maize germination. These treatments also significantly enhanced plant height, root elongation and its fresh weight. However, the remaining treatment methods using sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid and nanosilver were ineffective. Additionally, a pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of non-fungicide seed treatments. The positive effect of hypochlorous acid and calcium hypochlorite on germination capacity, plant growth and weight, as well as its physiological condition, was also confirmed
AHP-based site suitability for agrivoltaics in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
Full text linkIn Poland, as in the global energy market, the popularity of renewable energy sources, whose main advantage over fossil fuels is climate neutrality, is growing. An alternative to dedicating land exclusively to renewable energy is agrivoltaics, which involves dual use of land: for agricultural production and for photovoltaic installations that convert solar energy into usable energy simultaneously. The study's main purpose was to answer two questions: to what extent are the agricultural lands of eastern Poland suitable for the development of agrivoltaics, and how does the selection of criteria affect the final result of the analysis in light of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The study area was the Lublin Voivodeship, whose potential was evaluated based on 8 orography and land use criteria. The study focuses on spatial conditions, whereas legal and economic conditions have not been considered. The analysis showed that implementing agrivoltaics is theoretically feasible on 79% of the Voivodeship’s total agricultural land, of which 9,961 km2 can be considered at least moderately highly suitable. Additionally, two alternative scenarios were analysed: in the first, only orography criteria were assessed, and in the second, only land use. The comparative analysis revealed that the choice of criteria significantly impacts the results. The highest area suitability was obtained in the assessment considering land use only, and the lowest for orography.In Poland, as in the global energy market, the popularity of renewable energy sources, whose main advantage over fossil fuels is climate neutrality, is growing. An alternative to dedicating land exclusively to renewable energy is agrivoltaics, which involves dual use of land: for agricultural production and for photovoltaic installations that convert solar energy into usable energy simultaneously. The study's main purpose was to answer two questions: to what extent are the agricultural lands of eastern Poland suitable for the development of agrivoltaics, and how does the selection of criteria affect the final result of the analysis in light of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The study area was the Lublin Voivodeship, whose potential was evaluated based on 8 orography and land use criteria. The study focuses on spatial conditions, whereas legal and economic conditions have not been considered. The analysis showed that implementing agrivoltaics is theoretically feasible on 79% of the Voivodeship’s total agricultural land, of which 9,961 km2 can be considered at least moderately highly suitable. Additionally, two alternative scenarios were analysed: in the first, only orography criteria were assessed, and in the second, only land use. The comparative analysis revealed that the choice of criteria significantly impacts the results. The highest area suitability was obtained in the assessment considering land use only, and the lowest for orography
Advancements in plant protection – the application of machine learning to the detection of maize infestations.
Full text linkPlant infestations cause significant economic losses in agriculture, necessitating rapid and accurate detection for optimized agrotechnical operations and reduced environmental pollution. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a customized convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for detecting corn leaf worm infestations in maize. The research focuses on developing unique CNN models through extensive experimentation, systematically adjusting hyperparameters like optimizers, filter numbers, and kernel sizes. The study’s main contributions include the design of an accurate CNN classifier, and its implementation in a user-friendly smartphone application. The research highlights the importance of hyperparameter tuning in CNN performance, demonstrating that optimal configurations lead to high accuracy (up to 95% for accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score). While the current model focuses on a single pest, the findings underscore the potential of custom CNN classifiers in vision systems for automated crop inspection, offering a promising solution for minimizing crop losses and the environmental impact of chemical plant protection products.Plant infestations cause significant economic losses in agriculture, necessitating rapid and accurate detection for optimized agrotechnical operations and reduced environmental pollution. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a customized convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for detecting corn leaf worm infestations in maize. The research focuses on developing unique CNN models through extensive experimentation, systematically adjusting hyperparameters like optimizers, filter numbers, and kernel sizes. The study’s main contributions include the design of an accurate CNN classifier, and its implementation in a user-friendly smartphone application. The research highlights the importance of hyperparameter tuning in CNN performance, demonstrating that optimal configurations lead to high accuracy (up to 95% for accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score). While the current model focuses on a single pest, the findings underscore the potential of custom CNN classifiers in vision systems for automated crop inspection, offering a promising solution for minimizing crop losses and the environmental impact of chemical plant protection products
Quantitative taxonomy of flower color in Gladiolus × gandavensis cultivars
Full text linkGladiolus × gandavensis is one of the world’s four famous cut flowers. Flower color is an important basis for the classification of Gladiolus × gandavensis. To define the flower color of Gladiolus × gandavensis more scientifically, twenty-three Gladiolus × gandavensis horticultural cultivars were studied for flower color phenotypes to provide a preliminary phenotypic quantitative basis for the determination of the affinity of unknown cultivars in the species and provide a scientific basis for the definition of flower color in the classification process. Based on the results of the RHSCC colorimetric card and colorimeter, the 23 Gladiolus × gandavensis cultivars were classified into six flower color categories, i.e. white, pink, purple, greenish-yellow, orange, and red. Clustering analysis further verified the above classification results according to the flower color, indicating that the two have good correspondence. At the same time, the characteristics of the distribution of the parameters of the CIELab color system of Gladiolus × gandavensis were analyzed and preliminarily determined the distribution range of the phenotypic parameters of each color group, and the results filled a gap in the study of the floral phenotype of Gladiolus × gandavensis.Gladiolus × gandavensis is one of the world’s four famous cut flowers. Flower color is an important basis for the classification of Gladiolus × gandavensis. To define the flower color of Gladiolus × gandavensis more scientifically, twenty-three Gladiolus × gandavensis horticultural cultivars were studied for flower color phenotypes to provide a preliminary phenotypic quantitative basis for the determination of the affinity of unknown cultivars in the species and provide a scientific basis for the definition of flower color in the classification process. Based on the results of the RHSCC colorimetric card and colorimeter, the 23 Gladiolus × gandavensis cultivars were classified into six flower color categories, i.e. white, pink, purple, greenish-yellow, orange, and red. Clustering analysis further verified the above classification results according to the flower color, indicating that the two have good correspondence. At the same time, the characteristics of the distribution of the parameters of the CIELab color system of Gladiolus × gandavensis were analyzed and preliminarily determined the distribution range of the phenotypic parameters of each color group, and the results filled a gap in the study of the floral phenotype of Gladiolus × gandavensis
The effect of chitosan application on growth, development, decorative value and yield of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. corms
Full text linkAlong with roses, carnations, and chrysanthemums, Gladiolus hybridus Hort. is an important ornamental plant species cultivated worldwide for cut flowers with long vase life. The study was conducted outdoors, in uncovered soil, in the years 2022–2023. The plant material consisted of daughter corms of five Gladiolus hybridus Hort. cultivars: Frizzled Coral Lace, Limoncello, Mon Amour, Nova Lux, and Peter Pears. The study used chitosan with a molecular weight of 6000 g ∙ mol–1 at a concentration of 0.4%. The compound was applied by soaking the corms before planting and spraying or watering the plants. The corms were planted into the ground in the third decade of May. During the vegetation period, the course of the development phases was assessed, vegetative and generative traits were measured, and the corm yield was evaluated at the end of cultivation. Chitosan determined the course of the development phases, but this depended on the cultivar traits and the application method. The plants treated with chitosan grew taller and produced more leaves, but they did not differ in the number and diameter of the developed flowers from those not exposed to the biostimulant. Other vegetative and generative traits largely depended on the method of chitosan application. Watering and spraying demonstrated the most beneficial effect of the methods evaluated. Regardless of the method of delivering chitosan to the gladioli, it resulted in a higher weight growth index in the daughter corms
Organic foliar fertilisers containing calcium, phosphorus, and plant extracts for the potential control of some insect pests of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
Full text linkThe cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella L.; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.; Hemiptera: Aphididae) are responsible for the most significant losses in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) cultivation. In this study, two commercial foliar fertilisers, Mitemine® (a calcium fertiliser) and D-Fense (a phosphorus and potassium fertiliser), and the insecticide Movento 100 SC (spirotetramat) were used to control these pests. In 2020, all treatments applied 6 times reduced pest infestations by approximately 60%–80% compared with the untreated controls. In 2021, a decrease in the number of treatments to 4 resulted in a 10%–20% reduction in effectiveness. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed variations in the number and density of stomata, cuticle thickness, and leaf structure between the control and treatment groups. Anatomical evaluation suggested that the thickening of the cuticle and epidermis on the abaxial side of the leaves, including the vascular bundles – likely due to the calcium in Mitemine® – may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the observed decrease in the pest population density. The combination of D-Fense and Mitemine® did not significantly alter the effectiveness of Mitemine® against herbivores; however, this combination resulted in a more compact structure of the mesophyll, thicker abaxial epidermis inner cell walls, and a thick layer of cuticle on stomata surface. The findings indicate that foliar fertilisers containing calcium can enhance plant resistance to pests, offering a potential alternative to chemical pesticides in sustainable crop protection strategies
Effect of casing soil type and humidity on ginger blotch development in mushroom cultivation
Full text linkPseudomonas ‘gingeri’ is the cause of ginger blotch disease of the white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). The occurrence of the disease in the cultivation results in the appearance of ginger discolouration on the mushroom caps. Currently, there is no effective method of protecting the mushroom from bacterial infection. Therefore, the selection of appropriate substrates for mushroom cultivation and environmental cultivation conditions, such as relative humidity, are of high importance in controlling the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect, on the development of ginger blotch, of two types of peat-based casing soil, with different water holding capacity, and two different air relative humidities inside the mushroom growing chamber. The cultivation trials were artificially infected with two P. ‘gingeri’ isolates, at two different inoculation doses. The blotch disease incidence on the heavy casing soil, which characterised lower water holding capacity, was significantly higher than on the medium one, regardless of the number of bacterial cells and bacterial isolate. The results also demonstrated a significant correlation between higher levels of air humidity (90% in the cultivation chamber) and the ginger blotch prevalence. It was determined that the type of casing soil and the level of air humidity in the mushroom growing room are of crucial importance for efficient mushroom cultivation. These factors can also play a significant role in preventing against bacterial disease development.Pseudomonas ‘gingeri’ is the cause of ginger blotch disease of the white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). The occurrence of the disease in the cultivation results in the appearance of ginger discolouration on the mushroom caps. Currently, there is no effective method of protecting the mushroom from bacterial infection. Therefore, the selection of appropriate substrates for mushroom cultivation and cultivation conditions, such as humidity, are of high importance in controlling the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of two types of peat-based casing soil with different physicochemical properties and various relative humidity on the development of ginger blotch. The cultivation trials were artificially infected with two P. ‘gingeri’ isolates. The severity of blotch disease incidence on the heavy casing soil which characterized lower water capacity was significantly higher than on the medium one. Furthermore, the values of bacterial blotch intensity obtained on the heavy casing were more distributed than on the medium, indicating that irrespective of the number of bacterial cells and bacterial isolate, the yield of infected mushrooms was lower on the medium casing. The results also demonstrated a significant correlation between higher levels of air humidity (90% in the cultivation chamber) and the ginger blotch prevalence. It was determined that the type of casing soil and the level of humidity in the growing chamber are of crucial importance for efficient mushroom cultivation. These factors can also play a significant role in preventing against bacterial disease development
Dochodowość uprawy bobiku Vicia faba var. minor L. na nasiona w zależności od aplikacji bakterii symbiotycznych
Full text linkThe profitability of faba bean cultivation in Poland depends on many factors. The aim of the conducted research was to determine the effect of applying two preparations containing bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen on the profitability of faba bean seed production. The profitability analysis was carried out based on the results of research from the experiment conducted in 2022–2023 in the fields of the Scientific and Didactic Station in Swojczyce belonging to the University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław. The size of the obtained seed yield from 1 ha, the selling price of seeds and the level of financial support for the cultivation of legumes for seeds were considered the main determinants conditioning the profitability of faba bean production in Poland. The application of symbiotic bacteria in faba bean cultivation technology can contribute to a significant increase in seed yields, which, however, does not guarantee satisfactory financial results for its producers. Currently, in order to obtain income from faba bean cultivation together with subsidies for the production of legumes for seeds, it is necessary to obtain seed yields at a level exceeding 3.5 tons per hectare.Opłacalność uprawy bobiku w Polsce zależy od wielu czynników. Celem badań było określenie wpływu aplikacji dwóch preparatów zawierających bakterie wiążące azot atmosferyczny na opłacalność produkcji nasion bobiku. Analizę dochodowości przeprowadzono na podstawie wyników badań pochodzących z doświadczenia przeprowadzonego w latach 2022–2023 na polach Stacji Naukowo-Dydaktycznej w Swojczycach, należącej do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu. Za główne determinanty warunkujące opłacalność produkcji bobiku w Polsce uznano wielkość uzyskanego plonu nasion z 1 hektara, cenę sprzedaży nasion oraz stopień wsparcia finansowego do uprawy roślin strączkowych na nasiona. Aplikacja bakterii symbiotycznych w technologii uprawy bobiku może przyczynić się do istotnego zwiększenia plonów nasion, co jednak nie gwarantuje uzyskania satysfakcjonujących wyników finansowych dla jego producentów. Aby uprawa bobiku wraz z dopłatami do produkcji roślin strączkowych na nasiona przyniosła dodatni dochód, konieczne jest uzyskanie plonów nasion przekraczających 3,5 t z 1 hektara
Efekty zmian konstrukcyjnych elementów roboczych maszyny do uprawy pasowej. Cz. II. Wzrost i plonowanie roślin, jakość plonów
Full text linkBiological and agrotechnical progress in field crop production requires new solutions in the construction and operation of agricultural machines. Strip tillage with simultaneous fertiliser application and seed sowing requires specialised machines with working elements adapted to working conditions. As a result of research and development work, the soil loosening tines, fertiliser applicators and seeding coulters of a hybrid machine operating in a single-pass technology were developed, with improved material and construction. The effects of their use in winter and spring plant agrotechnology were assessed in field experiments. The growth, yield and quality of winter wheat and rapeseed crops, as well as spring barley, peas and maize were determined. The yields of these plants cultivated using a machine equipped with innovative working elements were 2.7–6.9% higher (depending on species) than the yields from plots cultivated using a standard machine. The difference in yields was mainly due to the greater field emergence capacity of plants. The density of plants before harvest and ears of cereals was also higher, as was the mass of grain per plant in maize. Pea seeds grown with the innovative machine contained 0.4 percentage points (pp) more protein, and rapeseed seeds contained 0.4 pp more fat than seeds grown with the machine without any structural changes.Postęp biologiczny i agrotechniczny w polowej produkcji roślinnej wymuszają nowe rozwiązania w budowie i eksploatacji maszyn rolniczych. Uprawa pasowa roli z jednoczesną aplikacją nawozu i siewem nasion wymaga specjalistycznych maszyn z elementami roboczymi dostosowanymi do warunków pracy. W wyniku badań i prac rozwojowych opracowano udoskonalone materiałowo i konstrukcyjnie zęby spulchniające glebę, aplikatory nawozów i redlice siewne hybrydowej maszyny pracującej w technologii jednego przejazdu. W doświadczeniach polowych oceniono efekty ich użycia w agrotechnice roślin ozimych i jarych. Określono wzrost, plonowanie i jakość plonów ozimych form pszenicy i rzepaku, a także jęczmienia jarego, grochu i kukurydzy. Plony tych roślin uprawianych z użyciem maszyny wyposażonej w innowacyjne elementy robocze były większe, w zależności od gatunku, o 2,7–6,9% od plonów z obiektów uprawianych maszyną standardową. Różnica plonów wynikała głównie z większej polowej zdolności wschodów roślin. Większe były również obsada roślin przed zbiorem i kłosów zbóż, a u kukurydzy masa ziarna z rośliny. Nasiona grochu uprawianego innowacyjną maszyną zawierały o 0,4 punktu procentowego więcej białka, a nasiona rzepaku o 0,4 p.p. tłuszczu niż nasiona roślin wysiewanych maszyną bez zmian konstrukcyjnyc