Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Ocena pośredniego oddziaływania LW Bogdanka SA na ekosystemy torfowiskowe: aplikacyjny wymiar analiz fizyczno-chemicznych i mikrobiologicznych wód
Full text linkAnalysis of the physicochemical properties of a habitat, together with data on the ecological requirements of individual organism groups, makes it possible to determine the current state of the environment with high precision. Testate amoebae thrive in biogenic sediments, and their analysis thus provides an opportunity to reconstruct the developmental history of a peatland, including any potential impacts of nearby mining operations. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the LW Bogdanka SA coal mine on the peatland ecosystems of Polesie National Park. Monthly water samples were collected at two peatlands within the Park from May through November. At each sampling event, we measured the water’s physical and chemical parameters and examined the qualitative and quantitative structure of the testate-amoeba community. Our results indicate that testate amoebae exhibit greater taxonomic diversity, abundance, and biomass in the peatland adjacent to Lake Moszne, where water-quality parameters – particularly dissolved oxygen levels and concentrations of bioavailable nutrients – remain relatively stable. In contrast, the Orłowskie Peatland shows clearer signs of anthropogenic influence: elevated nutrient concentrations here correspond with both quantitative and qualitative shifts in the testate-amoeba assemblage.Analiza właściwości fizyczno-chemicznych siedliska oraz dane o wymaganiach ekologicznych poszczególnych grup organizmów umożliwiają określenie (z dużą dokładnością) aktualnego stanu środowiska. Ameby skorupkowe doskonale zachowują się w osadach biogenicznych, dlatego ich analiza daje możliwość odtworzenia historii torfowiska, w tym potencjalnych oddziaływań kopalni znajdujących się w pobliżu mokradeł. Celem badań jest analiza wpływu kopalni LW Bogdanka SA na ekosystemy torfowiskowe Poleskiego Parku Narodowego. Raz w miesiącu – od maja do listopada – na terenie Poleskiego Parku Narodowego pobierano próby wody z dwóch torfowisk. Każdorazowo analizowano parametry fizyczne i chemiczne wody oraz strukturę jakościową i ilościową ameb skorupkowych. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że ameby skorupkowe mają wyższą różnorodność taksonomiczną oraz wyższą liczebność i biomasę w torfowisku przy jeziorze Moszne, które charakteryzują względnie stabilne wartości parametrów fizycznych i chemicznych wody (przede wszystkim stężenie tlenu oraz związków biogennych). W Torfowisku Orłowskim wpływ działalności antropogenicznej jest bardziej widoczny ze względu na wyższe stężenie biogenów, powodujące zmiany ilościowe oraz jakościowe ameb skorupkowych
Assessment of the occurrence of the pond turtle Emys orbicularis in Poleski National Park based on drone monitoring
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the habitat preferences of the pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Polesie National Park and assess drone use's effectiveness in different seasons. Monitoring was carried out with three DJI drone models (Mavic Air 2, Air 2S and Air 3), which performed raids on 27 selected sites with a total area of 246.72 ha, using optical cameras and orthophoto software. Turtle activity was highest in spring, especially during mating, when individuals are more likely to come to the surface for thermoregulation and reproduction. As temperatures rose and the drought progressed, the number of sightings decreased, which was associated with the drying of water bodies and a change in turtle behaviour. Most turtles were observed in sedge meadows and drainage ditches, which acted as migration corridors and places of refuge during the drought. The survey confirmed the high usefulness of drones in monitoring the species, especially in hard-to-reach areas.This study aimed to determine the habitat preferences of the pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Polesie National Park and assess drone use's effectiveness in different seasons. Monitoring was carried out with three DJI drone models (Mavic Air 2, Air 2S and Air 3), which performed raids on 27 selected sites with a total area of 246.72 ha, using optical cameras and orthophoto software. Turtle activity was highest in spring, especially during mating, when individuals are more likely to come to the surface for thermoregulation and reproduction. As temperatures rose and the drought progressed, the number of sightings decreased, which was associated with the drying of water bodies and a change in turtle behaviour. Most turtles were observed in sedge meadows and drainage ditches, which acted as migration corridors and places of refuge during the drought. The survey confirmed the high usefulness of drones in monitoring the species, especially in hard-to-reach areas
Examination of middle school students' attitudes towards volleyball
No full textAmaç: Bu araştırmada, ortaokul öğrencilerinin voleybola yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma nicel araştırma yönteminden betimsel tarama modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2024-2025 eğitim öğretim yılında Elazığ ilindeki ortaokullarda öğrenim gören 29838 öğrenci oluştururken, örneklemini ise 500 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Böke ve Güllü tarafında geliştirilen ortaokul öğrencileri için voleybol tutum ölçeğinin kullanılmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.00 paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin normallik analizi çarpıklık-basıklık ve Kolmogorov-Smirnova testi ile yapılmış normal dağılım sergilediği parametrik testler, katılımcıları tanımlayan özelliklerde ise frekans, ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri ile yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere ilişkin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin kullanılabilirliğine ilişkin yapılan açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucuna göre ölçeğin kullanılabilirlik KMO Değeri (0.946), Küresellik değeri (Bartlett's Test X2: 4945,349; p<0,000) olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin Özdeği (8.632), açıklama (varyans) değeri %53,94 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Ortaokul öğrencilerinin voleybol tutum ölçeğine verdikleri cevaplar neticesinde cinsiyet, sınıf, başarı notu, okulunda spor salonu olma durumu, spor yapma durumu, spor kulübüne üyeliği, lisanslı sporcu olma durumu, spor yapma süresi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı fark olduğu, baba ve anne eğitim düzeyi ile aile gelir düzeyi değişkenlerinde ise anlamlı fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin genel olarak voleybola yönelik olumlu tutumlar sergiledikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu olumlu tutumların devam edebilmesi için voleybolun fiziki şatlarının daha da geliştirilmesi ve öğrencilerin voleybola düzenli katılımının teşvik edilmesi katkı sağlayacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Spor, Voleybol, Öğrenciler voleybola ilişkin tutumAim: This study aimed to examine middle school students' attitudes toward volleyball. Material and Method: The research was designed using a descriptive survey model, a quantitative research method. The research population consisted of 29838 students enrolled in middle schools in Elazığ province during the 2024-2025 academic year, while the sample consisted of 500 middle school students. The volleyball attitude scale for middle school students, developed by Böke and Güllü, was used as the data collection tool. Data obtained from the scale were analyzed using the SPSS 25.00 package program. Normality analysis of the data was performed using skewness-kurtosis and the Kolmogorov-Smirnova test, and parametric tests demonstrating normal distribution were used. Participant characteristics were interpreted using frequency, mean, and standard deviation values. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted on the obtained data. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis conducted on the usability of the scale, the scale's usability KMO value was found to be (0.946), and the sphericity value (Bartlett's Test X2: 4945.349; p<0.000). The Essence of the scale (8.632) was determined to explain (variance) 53.94%. Result: Based on the responses of middle school students to the volleyball attitude scale, significant differences were found based on variables such as gender, grade, grade point average, availability of a gym at school, sports participation, sports club membership, licensed athlete status, and duration of sports participation. However, no significant differences were found in variables such as father and mother's education level and family income level. Conclusion: It was concluded that the students generally exhibited positive attitudes towards volleyball. Further improving the physical conditions of volleyball and encouraging students' regular participation in volleyball would contribute to the maintenance of these positive attitudes. Keywords: Sports, Volleyball, Students' attitudes towards volleybal
Evaluation of some Qur'an translations of academicians in terms ofTurkish defective expressions (Example of Surah Yasin)
No full textBu çalışmada, Türkçe Kur'an meâllerinde görülen anlatım bozuklukları, Yâsîn sûresi örnekliğinde, akademisyenler tarafından hazırlanmış bazı meâller incelenerek ele alınmıştır. Kur'an meâli çalışmaları, ilahî mesajın daha geniş kitlelerce anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamayı amaçlasa da çeviri sürecinde hem anlam hem de dil kullanımı açısından çeşitli sorunlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Türk dili açısından anlatım bozukluğu içeren ifade birimleri, metnin anlaşılabilirliğini olumsuz etkilemekte ve hedef kitlenin metni doğru anlamasına engel olabilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, akademisyenler tarafından hazırlanmış bazı Türkçe meâllerdeki anlatım bozukluklarını tespit etmek ve bu sorunların sebeplerine ışık tutmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden metin/doküman analizi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu incelemede, ilgili literatür taranmış ve belirlenen meâller üzerinde dilbilgisel analiz yapılmıştır. Tez iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde, konuyla ilgili akademik çalışmalardan hareketle Kur'an meâllerinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan hatalar ve bu hataların kaynakları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu bölümde, çalışmada incelenen meâllere dair tanıtıcı bilgiler sunulmuştur. İkinci bölümde ise anlatım bozuklukları teorik olarak ele alınmış; ardından Yâsîn sûresinin farklı meâller üzerinden analiz edilmesiyle tespit edilen anlatım hataları sınıflandırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Kur'an meâli çalışmalarında yalnızca anlam doğruluğunun değil, aynı zamanda hedef dil olan Türkçenin yapısal ve anlatımsal yeterliliğinin de gözetilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, anlatım bozukluklarının önemli bir kısmının, çeviri sürecinde kaynak dil olan Arapçaya aşırı bağlılıktan kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı tarihlerde yayınlanmış meâller arasında ifade tekrarlarının yaygın olduğu ve önceki meâllere bağlı kalma eğiliminin sürdüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, zaman içinde meâllerin dilsel açıdan daha dikkatli hazırlandığı ve genel anlamda iyileşme gösterdiği de tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, meâl faaliyetlerinde sadece anlam doğruluğunun değil, Türkçenin yapısal ve anlatımsal yeterliliğinin de gözetilmesi gerektiğine dikkat çekmekte; bu alanda yapılacak olan çalışmalara katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kur'an Meâli, Tercüme Sorunları, Hedef Dil, Türkçe Anlatım Bozuklukları, Yâsîn Sûresi.This study investigates meâls—Turkish translations of the Qur'an—with a particular focus on Turkish grammatical, lexical, and stylistic flaws observed in selected academic renderings of Surah Ya-Sin. Although Qur'anic translation efforts aim to convey the divine message to a broader audience, various linguistic and interpretive problems may arise throughout the translation process. Among these, expression-related issues can significantly hinder the clarity of the target text and obstruct the reader's ability to comprehend the intended meaning accurately. The primary objective of this research is to identify and evaluate such flaws in several Qur'anic translations produced by academics, and to examine the underlying causes of these deficiencies. Employing a qualitative methodology based on document analysis, the study involves a review of relevant literature and a grammatical-linguistic evaluation of selected translations. The thesis consists of two main chapters. The first chapter draws upon existing academic studies to examine common errors frequently encountered in Qur'anic translations and explores the general sources of these issues. It also presents introductory information about the selected translations analyzed in the study. The second chapter offers a theoretical discussion of expression-related problems and classifies the grammatical, lexical, and stylistic flaws identified in the various translations of Surah Ya-Sin. The findings indicate that many of the identified flaws stem from excessive dependence on the source language, Arabic, during the translation process. Moreover, a tendency to replicate earlier translations without critical revision has resulted in the recurrence of certain errors across different versions. Nonetheless, the study also observes a gradual improvement in the linguistic quality of more recent translations. In this regard, the research underscores the necessity of maintaining not only semantic accuracy but also structural and expressive adequacy in the target language, aiming to contribute to the refinement of future Qur'anic translation efforts. Keywords: Qur'an Translation, Translation Problems, Target Language, Turkish Expression Disorders, Surah Ya-Sin
Molecular analysis of some diseases and reproduction characteristics in apples from Central Anatolia (Niğde Province)
Full text linkApple scab and fire blight are among the main diseases in apple production. Researchers are conducting studies to tackle these diseases as well as endeavoring to provide apple producers with disease-resistant plant materials. Self-incompatibility in apples engenders problems in pollination and yield. Molecular studies are crucial for revealing the potential of plant materials in this aspect. In this study, 48 genotypes among Niğde Misket Apple were investigated regarding apple scabs and fire blight resistance as well as self-incompatibility with respective markers and genes. Results showed genotypes had resistance alleles of Rvi6 and QTL FB_Mar12, as well as the presence of S26 and S9 alleles of the S gene. These results highlight new hypotheses for further research, particularly regarding disease resistance related to these genes, as well as the relationships among genotypes, cultivars, and species carrying these alleles
Investigation of the relationship between attention level and digital parenting of 60-72 months-old preschool children
No full textÖZET Okul Öncesine Devam Eden 60-72 Aylık Çocukların Dikkat Düzeyi İle Dijital Ebeveynlik Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi Amaç: Bu araştırma okul öncesine devam eden 60-72 aylık çocukların dikkat düzeyi ile dijital ebeveynlik becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma Malatya il merkezinde MEB'e bağlı resmi ilköğretim okullarının anasınıflarına ve bağımsız anaokullarına devam eden 60-72 aylık 440 çocuk ve ebeveyni ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Frankfurter Dikkat Testi ve Dijital Ebeveynlik Farkındalık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadaki verilerin analizi IBM SPSS paket programı ile yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde korelasyon analizi, ANOVA ve t-testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada Frankfurter Dikkat Testinden alınan puanlarla sadece velinin eğitim durumu, mesleği, çocuğun cinsiyeti ve çocuğun daha önce bir okula gitme ve okula hazırlık eğitimi alma durumu değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, geriye kalan sosyodemografik değişkenlerle çocukların dikkat düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Dijital ebeveynlik farkındalık ölçeğinden alınan puanlar ile velinin; cinsiyeti, eğitim durumu, mesleği, çocukla yakınlık derecesi, mesleği haricinde dijital teknoloji araçlarını kullanım süresi, çocuğun; dijital teknoloji araçları kullanım süresi, dijital teknoloji araçları ile tanışma yaşı ve herhangi kronik/kalıcı bir rahatsızlık olma durumu değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur. Ancak velinin; yaşı, çocuk sayısı, ekonomik durumu, aile yapısı, çocuğun; yaşı, cinsiyeti, doğum sırası ve daha önce bir okula gitme ve okula hazırlık eğitimi alma durumu değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: Yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda çocuklarda dikkat düzeyi ile dijital ebeveynlik becerileri arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dikkat, Dijital Ebeveynlik, Okul öncesiABSTRACT Investigation of the Relationship Between Attention Level and Digital Parenting of 60-72 Months-Old Preschool Children Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the attention levels of preschool children aged 60–72 months and their parents' digital parenting skills. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with 440 children aged 60–72 months and their parents, enrolled in kindergartens and independent preschools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in the city center of Malatya, Turkey. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Frankfurter Attention Test, and the Digital Parenting Awareness Scale. A relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was employed in the study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical software, utilizing correlation analysis, ANOVA, and t-tests. Results: The analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between children's scores on the Frankfurter Attention Test and certain variables such as parental education level, occupation, the child's gender, and whether the child had prior school experience or received preparatory education. No significant relationship was found between children's attention levels and other sociodemographic factors. Regarding digital parenting, significant differences in Digital Parenting Awareness Scale scores were observed based on the parent's gender, education level, occupation, closeness to the child, daily duration of digital technology use outside of work, as well as the child's duration of digital technology use, age of first exposure to digital devices, and the presence of chronic or permanent health conditions. However, no significant differences were found in relation to the parent's age, number of children, economic status, family structure, or the child's age, birth order, and previous school attendance or preparatory education. Conclusion: Correlation analysis indicated no significant relationship between children's attention levels and parents' digital parenting skills. Keywords: Attention, Digital parenting, Preschool educatio
Investigation of the prevalence of escherichia coli and uropathogenic escherichia coli (UPEC) virulence genes in raw milk samples
No full textBu çalışma, Malatya bölgesinden temin edilen 122 çiğ süt örneğinden izole edilen Escherichia coli suşlarının moleküler düzeyde tanımlanması, antibiyotik direnç profilleri ve üropatojenik E. coli (UPEC) potansiyelinin belirlenmesine yönelik çok yönlü bir analiz sunmaktadır. İlk aşamada 206 koloni izole edilmiş, bunlardan 115'i biyokimyasal testlerle E. coli olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tür düzeyinde doğrulama için yapılan 16S rRNA gen bölgesi PZR amplifikasyonu ve sekans analizleri, bu izolatların büyük çoğunluğunun E. coli ile yüksek oranda benzerlik taşıdığını ortaya koymuştur. Antibiyotik duyarlılık testlerinde tüm izolatlar sefalotine %100 direnç göstermiştir. Fosfomisine (% 25.2) ve sülfametoksazole (% 8.7) direnç oranları da dikkat çekicidir. MAR (Multiple Antibiotic Resistance) indeksi 0.178 olarak hesaplanmış, bu durum orta düzeyde antibiyotik baskısı altında gelişmiş bir direnç profilini göstermektedir. Ayrıca izolatların % 65.2'si birden fazla antibiyotik grubuna karşı dirençli (MDR) olarak tanımlanmıştır. UPEC karakterizasyonu amacıyla seçilen 69 E. coli izolatında 10 virülans geni PZR ile taranmış; en sık tespit edilen genler fimA (% 98.5) ve agn43 (% 95.6) olmuştur. Literatürde yaygın kabul gören kriterlere göre, en az üç virülans genine sahip olan 34 izolat (% 66.60) potansiyel UPEC suşu olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu durum, 16S rRNA ile doğrulanan E. coli suşlarının önemli bir kısmının, özellikle idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarına neden olabilen zoonotik ve yüksek virülanslı patotipler taşıdığını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, çiğ süt ürünleri yalnızca gıda kaynaklı mikrobiyolojik kontaminasyon riski taşımamaktadır. Aynı zamanda antibiyotik dirençli ve UPEC özellikleri taşıyan E. coli suşları için bir rezervuar olabilmektedir. Bu bulgular, çiğ süt tüketiminin halk sağlığı üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerine dair güçlü bir uyarı niteliği taşımaktadır ve gıda güvenliği açısından daha sıkı denetim ve farkındalık ihtiyacını ortaya koymaktadır.This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Escherichia coli strains isolated from 122 raw milk samples collected in the Malatya region, focusing on molecular identification, antibiotic resistance profiles, and the potential of Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Initially, 206 colonies were isolated, with 115 biochemically confirmed as E. coli. Species-level confirmation using PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed high similarity to E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed 100% resistance to cephalothin. Notable resistance rates were observed for fosfomycin (25.2%) and sulfametoksazol (8.7%). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated as 0.178, indicating moderate antibiotic pressure contributing to resistance development. Additionally, 65.2% of isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. For UPEC characterization, 69 isolates were screened for 10 virulence genes via PCR; fimA (98.5%) and agn43 (95.6%) were the most prevalent. Based on widely accepted criteria, 34 isolates (66.60%) carrying at least three virulence genes were classified as potential UPEC strains. This suggests that a significant portion of the E. coli isolates possess zoonotic and highly virulent pathotypes capable of causing urinary tract infections. In conclusion, raw milk products not only present a risk of microbiological contamination but also serve as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant and UPEC-associated E. coli strains. These findings highlight the potential public health risks of raw milk consumption and underscore the need for stricter regulations and increased food safety awareness
Otrzymywanie i charakterystyka mieszańców Aegilops triuncialis L. × Triticum aestivum L.
Full text linkField crosses were performed between Aegilops triuncialis L. (2n = 4x = 28, UUCC genomes) and the common wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD genomes) Begra, Monopol, Nawra, and Zyta. The aim of the crosses was to expand the genetic variability of common wheat. The interbreeding ability of tested genotypes under field conditions ranged from 7.14% (Ae. triuncialis × Zyta) to 13.33% (Ae. triuncialis × Monopol). Hybrid kernels were formed only when the maternal form was Ae. triuncialis. From obtained 22 F1 hybrid kernels, 19 embryos were isolated in vitro and plated on MS medium supplemented with 10 mg dm–3 IAA (β-indolyl-3-acetic acid) and 0.04 mg dm–3 kinetin. F1 embryos developed into 15 seedlings in vitro. After 4 weeks, the hybrid seedlings were transplanted into pots and placed in a growth chamber. Then, in mid-September, they were planted out in the experimental field next to the parental components. Chromosome number of the hybrids were assessed on smear preparations of meristematic cells from the seedling root tips. During the growing season, immature spikes were collected from the leaf sheaths of the hybrid plants for meiosis analysis. Cytological analysis revealed abnormalities in the microsporogenesis process of the hybrids, which resulted in the development of non-viable pollen. Some spikes of the F1 hybrids were castrated and back-pollinated with wheat pollen. The F1 hybrids were also propagated in vitro by placing 100 fragments of immature inflorescences in each cross combination on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg dm–3 2.4-D (2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Five R1 plants in the Ae. triuncialis L. × T. aestivum L. Zyta combination were regenerated from callus produced by the explants. At the full maturity stage, biometric traits such as general tillering, main shoot length, diameter of the second internode from the bottom, length of the main spike rachis, main spike density and main spike fertility were measured on F1 and R1 hybrid plants. The hybrids were characterized by intermediate tillering (15.0–41.0 stems) compared to their parental forms, a diameter of the second internode from the bottom (2.1–2.9 mm), a dense main spike (14.6–17.5), shorter stems (43.0–48.3 cm) and spike rachis (0.55–0.68 dm), and sterile spikes.W warunkach polowych wykonano krzyżowania między Aegilops triuncialis L. (2n = 4x = 28, genomy UUCC) a odmianami pszenicy zwyczajnej Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42, genomy AABBDD) Begra, Monopol, Nawra i Zyta. Celem krzyżowań było poszerzenie zmienności genetycznej pszenicy zwyczajnej. Zdolność do krzyżowania badanych genotypów w warunkach polowych wahała się od 7,14% (Ae. triuncialis × Zyta) do 13,33% (Ae. triuncialis × Monopol). Ziarniaki mieszańcowe zawiązały się jedynie w przypadku, gdy formą mateczną był Ae. triuncialis. Z uzyskanych 22 mieszańcowych ziarniaków F1 w warunkach in vitro wyizolowano 19 zarodków i wyłożono je na pożywkę MS z dodatkiem 10 mg·dm–3 IAA (kwas b-indolilo-3-octowy) i 0,04 mg·dm–3 kinetyny. Z zarodków F1 w in vitro rozwinęło się 15 siewek. Po 4 tygodniach uzyskane siewki mieszańców przesadzono do doniczek i umieszczono w fitotronie, a następnie w połowie września wysadzono na polu doświadczalnym obok komponentów rodzicielskich. Oceny liczby chromosomów mieszańców dokonano na preparatach rozmazowych komórek merystematycznych wierzchołków korzeni siewek. W czasie sezonu wegetacyjnego z pochew liściowych roślin mieszańcowych pobrano niedojrzałe kłosy do analizy mejozy. Analiza cytologiczna wykazała nieprawidłowości w procesie mikrosporogenezy mieszańców, co wpłynęło na wykształcenie się nieżywotnego pyłku. Część kłosów mieszańców F1 wykastrowano i zapylono wstecznie pyłkiem pszenicy. Mieszańce F1 rozmnażano również in vitro, wykładając na pożywkę MS z dodatkiem 2 mg·dm–3 2,4-D (kwas 2,4-dichlorofenoksyoctowy) po 100 fragmentów niedojrzałych kwiatostanów w każdej kombinacji krzyżówkowej. Z kalusa wytworzonego przez eksplantaty zregenerowało 5 roślin R1 w kombinacji Ae. triuncialis L. × T. aestivum L. Zyta. W fazie dojrzałości pełnej na roślinach mieszańcowych F1 i R1 dokonano pomiarów cech biometrycznych, takich jak krzewienie ogólne, długość pędu głównego, średnica drugiego od dołu międzywęźla, długość osadki kłosowej kłosa głównego, zbitość kłosa głównego i płodność kłosa głównego. Mieszańce charakteryzowały się pośrednim w stosunku do form rodzicielskich krzewieniem (15,0–41,0 źdźbeł), średnicą drugiego od dołu międzywęźla (2,1–2,9 mm), zbitością kłosa głównego (14,6–17,5 kłosków na 1 dm osadki kłosa), krótszymi źdźbłami (43,0–48,3 cm) i osadkami kłosowymi (0,55–0,68 dm) oraz sterylnymi kłosami
The importance of horses’ senses in a nutritional context
Full text linkThe horse’s senses are very acute and geared to constantly analyse the stimuli coming from the environment. Their role in choosing the right feed is very important and often underestimated by their caretakers. Compared to their wild ancestors, nowadays horses are generally not free to choose the type and amount of feed. Instead, they are provided with feed selected and prepared by humans. It is not uncommon to encounter the phenomenon of so-called food neophobia, i.e. horses’ refusal to eat feed with an unfamiliar taste or smell. This also applies to the consumption of supplements, medication and sometimes even water, which can be quite a problem for horse users and can even lead to health disorders for these animals. Therefore, this paper explores the topic of the role of horses’ senses in terms of their nutrition.Zmysły konia są bardzo wyostrzone i nastawione na ciągłą analizę bodźców płynących z otoczenia. Ich rola w wyborze odpowiedniej paszy jest bardzo ważna i często niedoceniana przez ich opiekunów. W porównaniu do ich dzikich przodków, obecnie konie nie mają swobody w wyborze rodzaju i ilości paszy. Zamiast tego otrzymują paszę wybraną i przygotowaną przez człowieka. Nierzadko spotyka się zjawisko tzw. neofobii pokarmowej, czyli odmowy spożywania przez konie paszy o nieznanym smaku lub zapachu. Dotyczy to również spożywania suplementów, leków, a czasem nawet wody, co może stanowić spory problem dla użytkowników koni, a nawet prowadzić do zaburzeń zdrowotnych tych zwierząt. Dlatego też niniejszy artykuł porusza temat roli zmysłów koni w kontekście ich żywienia
Agrobiofortification of spring wheat with nitrogen and sulfur in terms of improving yield and grain quality
Full text linkIn order to identify the impact of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer on the yield and grain quality of spring wheat as well as on the improvement of its chemical and health-promoting properties, a strict 3-year field experiment was carried out. The subject of the experiment was the Kandela variety of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized with various rates of nitrogen (factor I) and sulfur (factor II). The experiment was carried out in the years 2014–2016 in a split-plot design, in a private farm in Malice near Hrubieszów (Poland), on dystrophic typical medium brown soil, made of medium-grained sandy loam and classified as a good rye soil complex. The experiment included 2 factors (in four replicates): I. nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha–1; II. sulfur fertilization at a rate of 0 and 40 kg ha–1. After harvesting spring wheat, grain yield (at 11% moisture content) from each plot was determined (kg) and converted into t ha–1. The following grain quality characteristics were examined in the dry matter: starch content (g kg–1), gluten content (g kg–1), total protein (g kg–1), cysteine (mg g–1), methionine (mg g–1), fat (g kg–1), and crude fiber (g kg–1). As regards the features influencing health-promoting properties, the content of flavonoids (expressed as quercetin equivalents; %) and o-dihydroxy phenols (expressed as caffeic acid equivalents; %) was determined. Based on the conducted research, it was shown that the application of nitrogen (factor I) at the rates of 100 and 150 kg ha–1 and sulfur fertilization (factor II) at a rate of 40 had the most beneficial effect (statistically significant difference) on spring wheat grain yield. The use of a rate of 50 kg N ha–1, regardless of sulfur addition, was insufficient because it did not produce beneficial effects. It should be stated that under negative sulfur balance in the cultivated soils of the study area, it is necessary to use sulfur fertilizers. To sum up, the obtained research results indicate that in the spring wheat production system, the variant of 150 kg N ha–1 combined with 40 kg S ha–1 should be recommended. This variant of fertilization had a significant positive impact on both the productivity and the qualitative and health-promoting characteristics of spring wheat grains.In order to identify the impact of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer on the yield and grain quality of spring wheat as well as on the improvement of its chemical and health-promoting properties, a strict 3-year field experiment was carried out. The subject of the experiment was the Kandela variety of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized with various rates of nitrogen (factor I) and sulfur (factor II). The experiment was carried out in the years 2014–2016 in a split-plot design, in a private farm in Malice near Hrubieszów (Poland), on dystrophic typical medium brown soil, made of medium-grained sandy loam and classified as a good rye soil complex. The experiment included 2 factors (in four replicates): I. nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha–1; II. sulfur fertilization at a rate of 0 and 40 kg ha–1. After harvesting spring wheat, grain yield (at 11% moisture content) from each plot was determined (kg) and converted into t ha–1. The following grain quality characteristics were examined in the dry matter: starch content (g kg–1), gluten content (g kg–1), total protein (g kg–1), cysteine (mg g–1), methionine (mg g–1), fat (g kg–1), and crude fiber (g kg–1). As regards the features influencing health-promoting properties, the content of flavonoids (expressed as quercetin equivalents; %) and o-dihydroxy phenols (expressed as caffeic acid equivalents; %) was determined. Based on the conducted research, it was shown that the application of nitrogen (factor I) at the rates of 100 and 150 kg ha–1 and sulfur fertilization (factor II) at a rate of 40 had the most beneficial effect (statistically significant difference) on spring wheat grain yield. The use of a rate of 50 kg N ha–1, regardless of sulfur addition, was insufficient because it did not produce beneficial effects. It should be stated that under negative sulfur balance in the cultivated soils of the study area, it is necessary to use sulfur fertilizers. To sum up, the obtained research results indicate that in the spring wheat production system, the variant of 150 kg N ha–1 combined with 40 kg S ha–1 should be recommended. This variant of fertilization had a significant positive impact on both the productivity and the qualitative and health-promoting characteristics of spring wheat grains