Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Creating optimal nutrient conditions in soil and plants during the flower induction process of sweet lime (Citrus limettioides) under calcareous soil conditions to increase the yield
Get PDFA study was conducted on 6-year-old sweet lime trees on the Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) rootstock in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments and three replications in southern Fars to determine the appropriate time of plant supplementary feeding to increase flower production and the yield in calcareous soils. In 2016 and 2017, 40 trees that had the same planting and growing conditions, were selected to determine the flower induction time. Ten times (22nd of October, 1st, 11th, and 20th November, December, and January), four branches that had a length of 120 cm and a diameter of half a centimeter were selected on each tree in four geographical directions. At each time, the branches of three trees were ringed at a distance of 120 cm from the tip of the branch, and all the leaves were removed. At the time of flower emergence, the number of flowers was counted. The results showed that the flower induction in these trees was in early December. Based on the results of this experiment and previous research in this field, in September 2017, the 7-year-old trees grafted on the Mexican lime rootstock were treated with the foliar application of nitrogen as urea [CO(NH2)2] and zinc as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at three concentrations including 0, 3, and 5 g∙L–1, alone and by combination in two separate pieces in a randomized complete-block factorial design including nine treatments and three replications to increase the yield using elements involved in the flowering. At the harvest time, fruit juice, TSS, TA, vitamin C, average fruit weight, and single tree yield were measured. According to the results, the combination of urea and zinc sulfate at a concentration of 5 g∙L–1 led to an increase in the average fruit weight (58 g) and the yield (68 kg) compared to the control.A study was conducted on 6-year-old sweet lime trees on the Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) rootstock in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments and three replications in southern Fars to determine the appropriate time of plant supplementary feeding to increase flower production and the yield in calcareous soils. In 2016 and 2017, 40 trees that had the same planting and growing conditions, were selected to determine the flower induction time. Ten times (22nd of October, 1st, 11th, and 20th November, December, and January), four branches that had a length of 120 cm and a diameter of half a centimeter were selected on each tree in four geographical directions. At each time, the branches of three trees were ringed at a distance of 120 cm from the tip of the branch, and all the leaves were removed. At the time of flower emergence, the number of flowers was counted. The results showed that the flower induction in these trees was in early December. Based on the results of this experiment and previous research in this field, in September 2017, the 7-year-old trees grafted on the Mexican lime rootstock were treated with the foliar application of nitrogen as urea [CO(NH2)2] and zinc as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at three concentrations including 0, 3, and 5 g∙L–1, alone and by combination in two separate pieces in a randomized complete-block factorial design including nine treatments and three replications to increase the yield using elements involved in the flowering. At the harvest time, fruit juice, TSS, TA, vitamin C, average fruit weight, and single tree yield were measured. According to the results, the combination of urea and zinc sulfate at a concentration of 5 g∙L–1 led to an increase in the average fruit weight (58 g) and the yield (68 kg) compared to the control
THE EFFECT OF SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE ENRICHED WITH SELENIUM AND ZINC ON THE YIELD AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.)
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of Agaricus bisporus spent mushroom substrate (A-SMS) enriched with selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) on the yield and photosynthetic parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) of the ‘Skindel’ cultivar. The growing medium for the cultivation of lettuce consisted of A-SMS (10%) and commercial peat (90%). It was further enriched with Se and Zn concentrated at five levels, i.e. 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mmol·L–1 to obtain six growing medias. Se was added to the growing medium in the form of sodium selenite and sodium selenate at a 1:1 ratio, whereas Zn was added in the form of zinc nitrate hexahydrate. Lettuce was grown under controlled conditions in growth chambers. The experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design in three replicates. The results indicated that the A-SMS added to the growing medium increased both the yield of lettuce and its biological value by increasing the content of Se and Zn. Consumable percent recommended daily allowance and safe hazard quotient for lettuce biofortified with Se and Zn were achieved. The experiment also showed that the addition of Se + Zn did not negatively affect photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, which proved that these elements did not have toxic effect on lettuce in agronomic perspective.The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of Agaricus bisporus spent mushroom substrate (A-SMS) enriched with selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) on the yield and photosynthetic parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) of the ‘Skindel’ cultivar. The growing medium for the cultivation of lettuce consisted of A-SMS (10%) and commercial peat (90%). It was further enriched with Se and Zn concentrated at five levels, i.e. 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mmol·L–1 to obtain six growing medias. Se was added to the growing medium in the form of sodium selenite and sodium selenate at a 1:1 ratio, whereas Zn was added in the form of zinc nitrate hexahydrate. Lettuce was grown under controlled conditions in growth chambers. The experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design in three replicates. The results indicated that the A-SMS added to the growing medium increased both the yield of lettuce and its biological value by increasing the content of Se and Zn. Consumable percent recommended daily allowance and safe hazard quotient for lettuce biofortified with Se and Zn were achieved. The experiment also showed that the addition of Se + Zn did not negatively affect photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, which proved that these elements did not have toxic effect on lettuce in agronomic perspective
Evaluating glufosinate-ammonium and flame weeding for weed control in sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) cultivation
Get PDFThe objective of this four-year study was to compare the effects of flame weeding and spraying with glufosinate-ammonium on weed control in sweet marjoram field cultivation. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized four-replicate design with a plot area of 8 m2. Moreover, the content of essential oil in marjoram herb obtained from the control plants, as well as the composition of this oil were also studied. Marjoram emergence began 13–17 days after sowing, and it was very uneven and in some years it was extendend up to 5 weeks. Flaming (90 kg propane ∙ ha–1) was applied in two times: immediately after noticing the first marjoram emergence or 5 days later, while glufosinate-ammonium (600 g ∙ ha–1) was applied on the same date as the first flaming. The tested methods of weeding significantly reduced the number and fresh weight of weeds growing 3–4 weeks after the start of marjoram emergence, i.e. in the period of its greatest sensitivity to weed competition. They had no soil residual activity and their effect on weeds disappeared after the first weeding. Among weeds occurring in the experiment, only barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) was partially tolerant to flaming. Flaming applied at the second time did not increase the effectiveness of weed control, but significantly decreased the number of emergence and the yield of marjoram herb. Essential oil content in marjoram grated herb varied considerably depending on the year, ranging from 1.35 to 2.34%. The oil contained from 33 to 36 identified compounds, among which trans-sabinene hydrate (28–34%) and terpinen-4-ol (17–21%) were clearly dominant.The objective of this four-year study was to compare the effects of flame weeding and spraying with glufosinate-ammonium on weed control in sweet marjoram field cultivation. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized four-replicate design with a plot area of 8 m2. Moreover, the content of essential oil in marjoram herb obtained from the control plants, as well as the composition of this oil were also studied. Marjoram emergence began 13–17 days after sowing, and it was very uneven and in some years it was extendend up to 5 weeks. Flaming (90 kg propane ∙ ha–1) was applied in two times: immediately after noticing the first marjoram emergence or 5 days later, while glufosinate-ammonium (600 g ∙ ha–1) was applied on the same date as the first flaming. The tested methods of weeding significantly reduced the number and fresh weight of weeds growing 3–4 weeks after the start of marjoram emergence, i.e. in the period of its greatest sensitivity to weed competition. They had no soil residual activity and their effect on weeds disappeared after the first weeding. Among weeds occurring in the experiment, only barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) was partially tolerant to flaming. Flaming applied at the second time did not increase the effectiveness of weed control, but significantly decreased the number of emergence and the yield of marjoram herb. Essential oil content in marjoram grated herb varied considerably depending on the year, ranging from 1.35 to 2.34%. The oil contained from 33 to 36 identified compounds, among which trans-sabinene hydrate (28–34%) and terpinen-4-ol (17–21%) were clearly dominant
THE INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING APPLIED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT ON Hyssopus officinalis L. PRODUCTION
Get PDFThe yield and quality traits of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) depending on the plant developmental phases were investigated under Turkey’s Eskisehir ecological conditions in 2019 and 2020. The experiment were conducted in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The developmental stages examined were before-flowering, beginning of flowering, full flowering and after flowering stage. The effect of harvest times on examined all parameters was very significant (p ≤ 0.05). The maximum yields of fresh herb and dry leaf + flower were obtained from after-flowering stage. However, no significant difference was observed between full flowering and after-flowering period for dry leaf + flower yield. On the other hand, the essential oil content (0.93%) and essential oil yield (24.01 L ha–1) in the full flowering stage were found to be higher. The main components of hyssop essential oil were as follows: pinocamphone (38.41–41.85%), isopinocamphone (22.73–22.99%) and β-pinene (7.92–8.94%). Maximum pinocamphone content was observed in the before-flowering period. To harvesting in full flowering of hyssop plant can be a reasonable strategy in terms of high dry leaf + flower yield, essential oil content and yield.The yield and quality traits of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) depending on the plant developmental phases were investigated under Turkey’s Eskisehir ecological conditions in 2019 and 2020. The experiment were conducted in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The developmental stages examined were before-flowering, beginning of flowering, full flowering and after flowering stage. The effect of harvest times on examined all parameters was very significant (p ≤ 0.05). The maximum yields of fresh herb and dry leaf + flower were obtained from after-flowering stage. However, no significant difference was observed between full flowering and after-flowering period for dry leaf + flower yield. On the other hand, the essential oil content (0.93%) and essential oil yield (24.01 L ha–1) in the full flowering stage were found to be higher. The main components of hyssop essential oil were as follows: pinocamphone (38.41–41.85%), isopinocamphone (22.73–22.99%) and β-pinene (7.92–8.94%). Maximum pinocamphone content was observed in the before-flowering period. To harvesting in full flowering of hyssop plant can be a reasonable strategy in terms of high dry leaf + flower yield, essential oil content and yield
Effect of orchard site and climatic conditions on plant nematode density levels
Get PDFPhytoparasitic nematodes are commonly found in the soil and their presence can lead to plant diseases, weaker growth, reduced yields and lower fruit quality. A study conducted in 2006–2009, involving the monitoring of climatic conditions, identified the influence of precipitation and temperature on the number of nematodes, in 7 sites within a cherry orchard. Soil samples to assess nematode populations were taken from 7 sites that differed in terms of cultivation and age: 5 cherry orchards established in different years. Not all nematode taxa responded in the same way to temperature increase. Members of the families Belonolaimidae, Trichodoridae and the genus Aphelenchus increased in number with rising temperatures. The negative water balance limited the number of nematodes in the soil in the layer up to 30 cm, whereas the increase in soil moisture had a positive effect on the development of Paratylenchus spp., and mebers of the family Hoplolaimidae and Heterodera. The largest total number of nematodes was found on the strip cultivated with agricultural crops after orchard liquidation. However, parasitic nematodes accounted for were at low levels (17%). The size of fruits from trees growing on sites with a large number of nematodes decreased with a simultaneous increase in total soluble solids and fruit firmness.Phytoparasitic nematodes are commonly found in the soil and their presence can lead to plant diseases, weaker growth, reduced yields and lower fruit quality. A study conducted in 2006–2009, involving the monitoring of climatic conditions, identified the influence of precipitation and temperature on the number of nematodes, in 7 sites within a cherry orchard. Soil samples to assess nematode populations were taken from 7 sites that differed in terms of cultivation and age: 5 cherry orchards established in different years. Not all nematode taxa responded in the same way to temperature increase. Members of the families Belonolaimidae, Trichodoridae and the genus Aphelenchus increased in number with rising temperatures. The negative water balance limited the number of nematodes in the soil in the layer up to 30 cm, whereas the increase in soil moisture had a positive effect on the development of Paratylenchus spp., and mebers of the family Hoplolaimidae and Heterodera. The largest total number of nematodes was found on the strip cultivated with agricultural crops after orchard liquidation. However, parasitic nematodes accounted for were at low levels (17%). The size of fruits from trees growing on sites with a large number of nematodes decreased with a simultaneous increase in total soluble solids and fruit firmness
The Effect of Psychoeducation Based on Motivational Interview Techniques on Medication Adherence, Hope, and Psychological Well-Being in Schizophrenia Patients
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the effect of psychoeducation based on motivational interview techniques on medication adherence, hope, and psychological well-being in schizophrenia patients. There are many studies using Motivational Interviewing for individuals with schizophrenia. However, there are no studies on whether the concept of adherence to treatment, which is clearly shown to be corrected with 6 to 8 weeks of motivational interviewing, will positively affect concepts such as hope and well-being, which require longer interventions, in a shorter time. In this context, there are not enough studies in which motivational interviewing techniques are integrated into psychoeducational interventions that can be organized with more individuals. The study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample size of the study was determined as 150 schizophrenia patients including 75 in the experimental group and 75 in the control group based on power analysis. The researcher provided the patients in the experimental group with a six-session psychoeducation program based on motivational interview techniques. A Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Herth Hope Index, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale were used to collect the data. In the study, psychoeducation based on motivational interview techniques created a statistically significant difference in the medication adherence, hope and psychological well-being levels of the patients in the experimental and control groups (p < .05). Psychoeducation based on motivational interview techniques provided for schizophrenia patients was found to be effective in enhancing their medication adherence, hope, and psychological well-being levels
Ekolojik Okuryazarlık, Çevre Eğitimi ve Sürdürülebilir Gelişme Odaklı Eğitim Anlayışı Bağlamında Çevre Temasının Hayat Bilgisi Dersi Programındaki Yerinin İncelenmesi
No full textEkolojik okuryazarlık, çevre eğitimi ve sürdürülebilirlik kavramları özellikle sanayi devriminden sonra dünya devletlerinin daha temiz bir doğal hayat ve çevre inşa etmek için üzerinde durduğu konular olmuştur. Bu araştırmada da ekolojik okuryazarlık, çevre eğitimi ve sürdürülebilir gelişme odaklı eğitim anlayışı incelenmiş bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan çevre eğitimi ve çevre teması ile ilişkili konular doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılarak ele alınmış ve Hayat Bilgisi öğretim programındaki yerleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada Hayat Bilgisi öğretim programında çevre teması ile ilişkili kazanım, amaçlar ve becerilerin program genelinde az yer kapladığı ve bütün ünitelerde yer almadığı ve bunun ekolojik okuryazarlık ve sürdürülebilir eğitim anlayışının öğrencilere aktarılmasında eksikler oluşturabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca çevre teması ile ilgili kazanımlar işlenirken öğrencilere yönelik doğa eğitimi altında bir dizi etkinlik yapılmasının öğrencilerde doğaya yönelik olumlu tutum geliştireceği de belirtilmiştir. Araştırmada alana katkı yapması için birtakım önerilerde de bulunulmuştur
The World is Changing ... I Can Feel it in the Water and Soil. I Can Smell It: Addressing the role of psychological flexibility on the planet of disasters
No full text[Abstract Not Available
The reflection of living environment on paintings as expression
No full textResim sanatında "Doğa" konusu birçok dönemde çeşitli sanatçılar ve akımlar tarafından üzerinde durulan bir kavram olmuştur. Doğa her dönemde sanatçılar tarafından farklı ifade aracı olarak resimlere yansımıştır. Değişen doğa algısı, zamanla sanatçının hisleri ve yorumlamalarıyla şekillenmiştir. Bu çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde araştırmanın amacı, önemi, problem durumu gibi konulara değinilmiş, ikinci bölümde, plastik sanatların hangi dönemde hangi sanatçılar tarafından nasıl ele alındığı üzerine araştırmalara yer verilmiş, üçüncü bölümde, Türk ressamlara ve çalışmalarında doğayı nasıl ele aldıklarına değinilmiş ve dördüncü bölümdeyse tez kapsamında yapılan resimlerin aşamalı çözümlemelerine yer verilmiştir. Tez sürecinde, kitap, makale, katalog gibi çeşitli kaynaklardan yararlanarak, nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Süreç içerisinde elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda doğa kavramının plastik sanatlardaki ele alınış biçimleri araştırılarak ortaya çıkarılmak istenmiştir. Tezin son aşaması olan dördüncü bölümde yer alan uygulama çalışmaları 20 tuval resmi ve 4 fotoğraftan oluşmaktadır. Resimlerin oluşum sürecinde başta fotoğraflardan yararlanırken zamanla tamamen yorumlamaya başvurulmuştur. İnsanın doğup büyüdüğü çevre her zaman en içselleştirdiği alanlar olmuştur. Bu içselleştirmenin bir yansıması olarak tuvallerin en arka planında insana ait olan parmak izi kullanılmıştır. Zamanla bu doğrultuda parmak izi baskısından yararlanarak, izler üzerine doğa resmi yorumlamaları yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Doğa ve insan bütünde iç içeyken bu durum resim yoluyla da somutlaştırılmak istenmiştir. İzlenimler ve hisler doğrultusunda oluşturulan resimlerde, bu gözlemleri ve hisleri renk yoluyla izler üzerine aktarmak amaçlanmıştır. Süreç boyunca sonuca ulaşana dek çalışmalarda birçok denemeye başvurulmuştur ve son olarak parmak izleri üzerine oluşturulan resimlerde, çizilmek istenen alanlarda git gide daha dışavurumsal etkiler oluşmaya başlamıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğa, Doğa ve İnsan, Ekspresyon, Ekspresyonizm, İz, Resim Sanatında DoğaThe concept, "Nature" in painting art has been emphasized by various artists and movements in various periods. Nature has been reflected in paintings as a different means of expression by artists in every period. The changing perception of nature has been shaped by the artist's feelings and interpretations over time. The present study comprised four parts. In the first part, the subjects including the purpose and importance of the study, and the problem situation of the research were mentioned, while in the second part, researches on how the plastic arts were carried out by which artists in which period was explained, and in the third part, Turkish artists and how they handled the concept of nature in their works were explained. Finally, in the fourth part, the paintings that were made within the scope of the present thesis were mentioned and step-by-step analyzes were included. During the thesis process, a qualitative research method was adopted by making use of various sources including books, articles, and catalogs. In line with the data obtained in the process, the aim was to reveal the way the concept of nature was handled in plastic arts. The application studies in the fourth part of the study, which was the last stage of the thesis, comprised 20 canvas paintings and 4 photographs. Photographs were utilized during the formation process of the paintings, in time the application method changed to interpretation. The environment in which a person was born and grew up has always been the most internalized area. As a reflection of this internalization, human fingerprints are used in the background of the canvases. In time, it was aimed to make interpretations of nature painting on fingerprints by making use of fingerprinting. Nature and human beings were intertwined as a whole, while this was also tried to be embodied through painting. In the paintings created in line with impressions and feelings, it was aimed to convey these observations and feelings on the fingerprints through colors. Throughout the process, many attempts were carried out until the aimed result was achieved, and finally, more and more expressive effects emerged in the areas drawn in the works painted on fingerprints. Keywords: Nature, Nature and Human, Expression, Expressionism, Trace, Nature in Paintin
Targeted Drug Delivery of Nanoparticles
No full textNanoparticle drug delivery is a very attractive field that can provide to develop more potent and specific drugs. Packaging therapeutic cargos into nanoparticles improve their biocompatibility, bioavailability, and safety profiles. Moreover, somehow targeting these particles to a disease site can detect the presence of the disease site, block a function there, or specifically accumulate a drug to it. In last decade, one of the main research areas for nanoparticle drug delivery system is investigating targeting strategies to improve benefits of them. In this chapter, we review the targetable nano drug delivery system and possible targeting strategies including passive targeting and cellular-subcellular active targeting. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd