Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
Not a member yet
6232 research outputs found
Sort by
Optimizing environmental conditions and irrigation regimes can improve grafting success in Persian walnut
Get PDFThe propagation of Persian walnut (Juglans regia) using grafting or budding is often difficult due to environmental factors. Temperature fluctuation and plant water status affect root pressure (xylem sap exudation “bleeding”) during budding or grafting. An experiment was conducted to find the optimum irrigation regime for patch budding (in July) and tongue grafting (in March) of Persian walnut on Juglans regia rootstock under three environmental conditions (greenhouse, shade-house and outdoor). The grafted/budded plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes including 1-day, 3-day and 7-day for 4 weeks after grafting/budding. Callus formation and quality, and graft/bud-take were recorded after four weeks. The survival rate and growth of the scions were measured after three months. Based on the results, grafting success under greenhouse, shade-house and outdoor conditions were 66.7%, 42.6% and 17.6%, respectively. The highest graft/bud take (94.4%) was obtained under greenhouse conditions with patch budding. The lowest grafting success (0%) was observed under outdoor conditions with patch budding. Under the greenhouse conditions, irrigation of the grafted plants with 7-day interval resulted in the highest graft success and plant growth. Irrigation with 3-day intervals was the best regime under shade-house conditions, while daily irrigation regime was required to obtain the highest grafting success for the outdoor grown plants. In general, the present experiment revealed that modifying outdoor conditions by applying a shade-house equipped by a mist system in warmer area can improve bud-take and success especially in patch budding by 40.76 and 33.1%, respectively.The propagation of Persian walnut (Juglans regia) using grafting or budding is often difficult due to environmental factors. Temperature fluctuation and plant water status affect root pressure (xylem sap exudation “bleeding”) during budding or grafting. An experiment was conducted to find the optimum irrigation regime for patch budding (in July) and tongue grafting (in March) of Persian walnut on Juglans regia rootstock under three environmental conditions (greenhouse, shade-house and outdoor). The grafted/budded plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes including 1-day, 3-day and 7-day for 4 weeks after grafting/budding. Callus formation and quality, and graft/bud-take were recorded after four weeks. The survival rate and growth of the scions were measured after three months. Based on the results, grafting success under greenhouse, shade-house and outdoor conditions were 66.7%, 42.6% and 17.6%, respectively. The highest graft/bud take (94.4%) was obtained under greenhouse conditions with patch budding. The lowest grafting success (0%) was observed under outdoor conditions with patch budding. Under the greenhouse conditions, irrigation of the grafted plants with 7-day interval resulted in the highest graft success and plant growth. Irrigation with 3-day intervals was the best regime under shade-house conditions, while daily irrigation regime was required to obtain the highest grafting success for the outdoor grown plants. In general, the present experiment revealed that modifying outdoor conditions by applying a shade-house equipped by a mist system in warmer area can improve bud-take and success especially in patch budding by 40.76 and 33.1%, respectively
STUDY ON in vitro INDUCTION OF ROOTING AND CHANGES IN ENDOGENOUS HORMONE CONTENT OF Lagerstroemia indica ‘ZIJINGLING’
Get PDFDifferent media had different effects on the induction of rooting of Lagerstroemia indica ‘Zijingling’. The aims of this study were to identify the best rooting medium, determine the changes in endogenous hormone content in aseptic seedlings of ‘Zijingling’, and then analyze its role in the rooting process, to improve the rooting rate. Using a test tube seedling of ‘Zijingling’ as the experimental material, the tissue cells were observed via paraffin sectioning, and the changes in endogenous hormone content during the rooting process were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that 1/2 MS Medium had the most significant effect on rooting in the basic medium. The promoting effects of different auxins on rooting decreased in magnitude in the order 3-Indolebutyric acid (IBA) > Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)> Indole-3-aceticacid (IAA). The optimal rooting medium was 1/2 MS + 0.6 mg L-1 IBA+ 15 g L-1 sucrose + 5 g L-1 agar + 200 mg L-1 activated carbon , and the highest induction rate of adventitious roots was 92.5%. The rooting of ‘Zijingling’ is classified as a primordial type of induced rooting. Exogenous IBA content promoted an increase in endogenous IAA and Gibberellic acid (GA3) contents. High contents of IAA, GA3, and Abscisic acid (ABA) and low content of Zeatin riboside (ZR) promoted the growth of adventitious roots, whereas high contents of IAA and ZR, and low contents of GA3 and ABA were required for the induction of root primordia. High levels of IAA/ZR and low levels of IAA/ABA promoted the differentiation of root primordia. However, low levels of IAA/ZR and high levels of IAA/ABA promoted adventitious root elongation
Seed yield and weed infestation of pea (Pisum sativum L.), and soil properties in the systems of conventional and conservation agricultur
Get PDFSeed yield and weed infestation of pea as well as soil properties were evaluated in the systems of conventional (TA) and conservation (CA) agriculture. In both agricultural systems, pea was grown in crop rotation: potato – winter wheat – pea – winter barley. Shallow ploughing (10–12 cm) after previous crop harvest and pre-winter ploughing (20–25 cm) were performed, whereas a pre-sowing cultivation set was deployed in the springtime in TA. In CA, glyphosate was applied after previous crop harvest, and post-harvest residues were left on the filed surface (4.5 t ha–1). A cultivation-sowing set was used in the springtime, and pea was sown at the beginning of April. The study demonstrated that the agricultural systems tested had no significant effect on pea seed yield. A higher number and air-dry weight of weeds, and a higher weed species number were demonstrated in TA than in CA. Also, a higher number and air-dry weight of weeds were recorded in 2020 than in the other study years. Contents of organic C and total N in the soil and the number of earthworms were higher in CA than in TA.Seed yield and weed infestation of pea as well as soil properties were evaluated in the systems of conventional (TA) and conservation (CA) agriculture. In both agricultural systems, pea was grown in crop rotation: potato – winter wheat – pea – winter barley. Shallow ploughing (10–12 cm) after previous crop harvest and pre-winter ploughing (20–25 cm) were performed, whereas a pre-sowing cultivation set was deployed in the springtime in TA. In CA, glyphosate was applied after previous crop harvest, and post-harvest residues were left on the filed surface (4.5 t ha–1). A cultivation-sowing set was used in the springtime, and pea was sown at the beginning of April. The study demonstrated that the agricultural systems tested had no significant effect on pea seed yield. A higher number and air-dry weight of weeds, and a higher weed species number were demonstrated in TA than in CA. Also, a higher number and air-dry weight of weeds were recorded in 2020 than in the other study years. Contents of organic C and total N in the soil and the number of earthworms were higher in CA than in TA
Antifungal effects of some essential oils on selected allergenic fungi in vitro
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of four different essential oils on the sensitivity of allergenic fungi i.e. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Cladosporium cladosporioides. The studied fungi were isolated from infected fennel. The tested oils were added to Potato Dextrose Agar medium at the concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL. The activity of the oils on the inhibition of the linear growth of mycelium was evaluated by measuring of fungal colonies, while the fungistatic activity was evaluated on the basis of the percentage growth inhibition of fungal colony and calculated according to Abbot’s formula. The sensitivity of the tested isolates of fungi was variable and depended on the type and concentration of the studied essential oils. The most effective antifungal effect on all tested fungi was in essential oil of oregano even at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the weakest effect was in essential oil of grapefruit at all studied concentrations. Moreover, oregano essential oil caused degradation and decay of mycelium and spores. Essential oils are potential and promising antifungal agents used as bio fungicides in plant protection and indoor air disinfection. Therefore, further in vivo studies should be carried out.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of four different essential oils on the sensitivity of allergenic fungi i.e. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Cladosporium cladosporioides. The studied fungi were isolated from infected fennel. The tested oils were added to Potato Dextrose Agar medium at the concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL. The activity of the oils on the inhibition of the linear growth of mycelium was evaluated by measuring of fungal colonies, while the fungistatic activity was evaluated on the basis of the percentage growth inhibition of fungal colony and calculated according to Abbot’s formula. The sensitivity of the tested isolates of fungi was variable and depended on the type and concentration of the studied essential oils. The most effective antifungal effect on all tested fungi was in essential oil of oregano even at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the weakest effect was in essential oil of grapefruit at all studied concentrations. Moreover, oregano essential oil caused degradation and decay of mycelium and spores. Essential oils are potential and promising antifungal agents used as bio fungicides in plant protection and indoor air disinfection. Therefore, further in vivo studies should be carried out
Analiza asocjacji pomiędzy polimorfizmem genu hormonu wzrostu (GH/HaeII) a cechami jakości tuszy wieprzowej i mięsa
Get PDFThe aim of the research was to determine the quality of fatteners carcasses as well as the physical characteristics and chemical composition of the loin and ham in relation to the polymorphism in the GH locus. In the experiment were used fatteners hybrids of the following breeds: Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Duroc and Pietrain, kept on an individual farm in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. GH gene polymorphism was determined by PCR-RLFP method, using restriction enzyme HaeII. Relationships between particular genotypes and the indicators of muscle and fatness of the carcass as well as physical characteristics and chemical composition of the loin and ham were determined. It was found that the AA genotype fatteners were characterized by a significantly higher content of muscle tissue, weight of loin without skin, bones and fat, share of loose water in the ham and loin and fat in the ham. Heterozygotes were characterized by significantly higher weight of the whole loin and ham and fat content in the ham.Celem badań było określenie jakości tusz wieprzowych oraz cech fizycznych i składu chemicznego polędwicy i szynki w odniesieniu do polimorfizmu w locus GH. W doświadczeniu wykorzystano tuczniki mieszańce ras: wielkiej białej polskiej, polskiej białej zwisłouchej, duroc i pietrain, utrzymywane w gospodarstwie indywidualnym na terenie woj. podkarpackiego. Polimorfizm genu GH oznaczono metodą PCR-RLFP, wykorzystując enzym restrykcyjny HaeII. Określono zależności pomiędzy poszczególnymi genotypami a wskaźnikami umięśnienia i otłuszczenia tuszy oraz cechami fizycznymi i składem chemicznym polędwicy i szynki. Stwierdzono, że tuczniki o genotypie AA charakteryzowała istotnie wyższa zawartość tkanki mięśniowej, masa polędwicy bez skóry, kości i tłuszczu okrywowego, udział wody luźnej w szynce i polędwicy oraz tłuszczu w szynce. Z kolei heterozygoty cechowały się istotnie wyższą masą całej polędwicy i szynki oraz zawartością tłuszczu w szynce
Logistyczne zarządzanie transportem truskawek
Get PDFThe importance of logistics for modern agricultural transport was the main subject of present paper. Mechanisms that have to be taken into account when the transport is organized were presented. Also effects of computer software action optimizing the transport of fresh strawberries from purchase centers to the processing plant were described.W prezentowanym opracowaniu zwrócono uwagę na rolę logistyki w funkcjonowaniu nowoczesnego transportu rolniczego. Przedstawiono mechanizmy, jakie muszą być uwzględnione przy organizacji takiego transportu. Zaprezentowano efekty działania systemu komputerowego optymalizującego transport świeżych truskawek z punktów skupu do zakładu przetwórczego
Oddziaływanie dolistnego dokarmiania nawozami wieloskładnikowymi w formie nanocząsteczek na plon i jakość bulw ziemniaka
Get PDFIn the field experiments carried on light soil in 2018–2020 the effect of foliar fertilization of potato plants with Herbagreen Basic and Nano Active Forte multicomponent fertilizers on the yield and selected quality characteristics of potato tubers was determined. The fertilizers used for the research were nano-forms. Fertilizers were applied twice during the growing season of potato plants, at a dose of 2 kg ha–1, in the BBCH 20 and BBCH 59 phase. The foliar fertilization was carried out under the conditions mineral fertilization with nitrogen: 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha–1. The control object was without foliar fertilization. A significant increase in tuber yield was obtained (by 9.5%) and a greater share of large tubers in the yield after the application of nanofertilizers compared to the object without foliar fertilization. A significantly lower share of tubers with external defects in the yield was shown under the influence of the Nano Active Forte fertilizer compared to the Herbagreen Basic fertilizer. Significantly higher content of starch and vitamin C were found in tubers after applying the Herbagreen Basic fertilizer compared to the Nano Active Forte fertilizer. The highest yield of tubers, the content of starch, vitamin C and dry matter was obtained after the application of mineral nitrogen in the dose of 120 kg N ha–1. Along with increasing the dose of mineral nitrogen from 60 to 180 kg ha–1, a significant increase in the share of large tubers and with external defects.W badaniach polowych przeprowadzonych na glebie lekkiej w latach 2018–2020 określono wpływu dolistnego dokarmiania roślin ziemniaka nawozami wieloskładnikowymi Herbagreen Basic i Nano Active Forte na wielkość plonu i wybrane cechy jakości bulw ziemniaka. Użyte do badań nawozy stanowiły formy nano-. Nawozy stosowano 2-krotnie w okresie wegetacji roślin ziemniaka, w dawce 2 kg·ha–1, w fazach BBCH 20 i BBCH 59. Dolistne dokarmianie nawozami wieloskładnikowymi przeprowadzono w warunkach nawożenia mineralnego azotem: 60, 120 i 180 kg N·ha–1. Obiekt kontrolny był bez dolistnego dokarmiania. Uzyskano istotny (o 9,5%) przyrost plonu bulw i większy udział bulw dużych w plonie po zastosowaniu nanonawozów w porównaniu z obiektem bez dolistnego dokarmiania. Wykazano istotnie mniejszy udział w plonie bulw z wadami zewnętrznymi pod wpływem nawozu Nano Active Forte w porównaniu z nawozem Herbagreen Basic. Stwierdzono istotnie większą zawartość skrobi i witaminy C w bulwach po użyciu nawozu Herbagreen Basic w porównaniu z nawozem Nano Active Forte. Największy plon bulw, zawartość skrobi, witaminy C i suchej masy uzyskano po zastosowaniu azotu mineralnego w dawce 120 kg N·ha–1. Wraz ze zwiększaniem dawki azotu mineralnego od 60 do 180 kg∙ha–1 stwierdzono istotne zwiększenie udziału bulw dużych w plonie i bulw z wadami zewnętrznymi
Wpływ rolnictwa konwencjonalnego i ekologicznego na plonowanie roślin uprawnych i intensywność erozji wodnej na terenach urzeźbionych
Get PDFThe pro-health and pro-environmental assets of organic farming are a reason why this system is now promoted in agriculture. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of conventional and organic crop production (potato, oat, and spring vetch) on the yield, water erosion, losses of NPK nutrients, LAI, infiltration, and fresh mass of earthworms. From 2019 to 2021, a two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Mountain Experimental Station located in Czyrna (Southern Poland). The first factor included farming systems: conventional and organic. The second factor consisted of 3 crops grown with the use of crop rotation: 1. potato with manure; 2. oat; 3. spring vetch. Based on the experiment performed, it was found that the yield of the organically grown crops was on average 18.8% lower compared to that grown conventionally. Under the organic farming system, the mass of sheet wash was on average 6.47% smaller than that under the conventional farming system. As regards the NPK nutrients emitted into the environment, their losses was about 50% lower than that under the conventional system of farming, where there were applied artificially synthesized fertilizers and pesticides.The pro-health and pro-environmental assets of organic farming are a reason why this system is now promoted in agriculture. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of conventional and organic crop production (potato, oat, and spring vetch) on the yield, water erosion, losses of NPK nutrients, LAI, infiltration, and fresh mass of earthworms. From 2019 to 2021, a two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Mountain Experimental Station located in Czyrna (Southern Poland). The first factor included farming systems: conventional and organic. The second factor consisted of 3 crops grown with the use of crop rotation: 1. potato with manure; 2. oat; 3. spring vetch. Based on the experiment performed, it was found that the yield of the organically grown crops was on average 18.8% lower compared to that grown conventionally. Under the organic farming system, the mass of sheet wash was on average 6.47% smaller than that under the conventional farming system. As regards the NPK nutrients emitted into the environment, their losses was about 50% lower than that under the conventional system of farming, where there were applied artificially synthesized fertilizers and pesticides
Zarządzanie jakością nasion zbóż kondycjonowanych efektywnymi mikroorganizmami (EM) i światłem czerwonym (RL)
Get PDFThe study pertained to environmentally-friendly methods in the cultivation of cereal, and aimed to manage the quality of rye and triticale seeds and determine the impact of seed conditioning using effective microorganisms (EM), red light (RL), and a combination of the two (RL × EM) on the yield of grain and straw. Moreover, the seeds were sown into soil with and without EM conditioning, designated as 0 and PEM. The yield fluctuations depended mostly on the studied rye and triticale cultivars. The best effects we observed in soil without EM conditioning for Dańkowskie Złote rye and Moderato triticale. The increase in grain and straw yields was, respectively: 26% (RL), 31% (RL × EM), 40% (EM), and 17% (RL × EM), 23% (RL), 32% (EM) – Dańkowskie Złote, 27% (RL × EM), 44% (EM), 46% (RL), and 17% (RL × EM), 51% (EM), 78% (RL) – Moderato. In turn, seeds exposed to the experimental treatment and sown into soil containing EM produced reduced yields in both of the above cultivars. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits.The study pertained to environmentally-friendly methods in the cultivation of cereal, and aimed to manage the quality of rye and triticale seeds and determine the impact of seed conditioning using effective microorganisms (EM), red light (RL), and a combination of the two (RL × EM) on the yield of grain and straw. Moreover, the seeds were sown into soil with and without EM conditioning, designated as 0 and PEM. The yield fluctuations depended mostly on the studied rye and triticale cultivars. The best effects we observed in soil without EM conditioning for Dańkowskie Złote rye and Moderato triticale. The increase in grain and straw yields was, respectively: 26% (RL), 31% (RL × EM), 40% (EM), and 17% (RL × EM), 23% (RL), 32% (EM) – Dańkowskie Złote, 27% (RL × EM), 44% (EM), 46% (RL), and 17% (RL × EM), 51% (EM), 78% (RL) – Moderato. In turn, seeds exposed to the experimental treatment and sown into soil containing EM produced reduced yields in both of the above cultivars. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits
Improving faba bean seed yield, protein and chlorophyll content by foliar application of humic acid
Get PDFHumic acid (HA) can be considered as an important alternative to chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted for two years (2014–2015) as a factorial in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Chalous city. First factor included time of application (T1 – application of HA before planting, T2 – spraying HA at middle of vegetative growth, T3 – spraying HA at early time of reproductive growth). Second factor included the amount of HA as foliar application at four levels (0 (control), 200, 300 and 400 mg l–1 ha–1). The results of the mean comparison show that the highest seed yield was obtained by spraying HA at 200 and 300 mg l–1 ha–1 at the beginning time of reproductive growth and recorded 2821 and 2773 kg ha–1, respectively. The results also show that the highest percentage of protein were recorded by foliar application of HA at 300 mg l–1 ha–1 during T2 treatment. The use of HA at 200 and 400 mg l–1 ha–1 treatments and T2 treatment had the highest protein percentage and protein yield. The results showed that the use of HA at different concentrations had a positive effect on chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, seed yield and protein yield. Also, the time of application of HA had a significant impact on the measured traits. It seems that foliar application at the early period of reproductive growth has improved growth, increased flower fertility, and seed yield by increasing the absorption of nutrients. According to the results, foliar spraying with 300 mg l–1 ha–1 HA at the T3 is the most appropriate treatment for proper faba bean.Humic acid (HA) can be considered as an important alternative to chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted for two years (2014–2015) as a factorial in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Chalous city. First factor included time of application (T1 – application of HA before planting, T2 – spraying HA at middle of vegetative growth, T3 – spraying HA at early time of reproductive growth). Second factor included the amount of HA as foliar application at four levels (0 (control), 200, 300 and 400 mg l–1 ha–1). The results of the mean comparison show that the highest seed yield was obtained by spraying HA at 200 and 300 mg l–1 ha–1 at the beginning time of reproductive growth and recorded 2821 and 2773 kg ha–1, respectively. The results also show that the highest percentage of protein were recorded by foliar application of HA at 300 mg l–1 ha–1 during T2 treatment. The use of HA at 200 and 400 mg l–1 ha–1 treatments and T2 treatment had the highest protein percentage and protein yield. The results showed that the use of HA at different concentrations had a positive effect on chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, seed yield and protein yield. Also, the time of application of HA had a significant impact on the measured traits. It seems that foliar application at the early period of reproductive growth has improved growth, increased flower fertility, and seed yield by increasing the absorption of nutrients. According to the results, foliar spraying with 300 mg l–1 ha–1 HA at the T3 is the most appropriate treatment for proper faba bean