Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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A new analytical approach to the (1+1)-dimensional conformable Fisher equation
No full textIn this paper, we use an effective method which is the rational sine-Gordon expansion method to present new wave simulations of a governing model. We consider the (1+1)-dimensional conformable Fisher equation which is used to describe the interactive relation between diffusion and reaction. Various types of solutions such as multi-soliton, kink, and anti-kink wave soliton solutions are obtained. Finally, the physical behaviours of the obtained solutions are shown by 3D, 2D, and contour surfaces. © 2022 by the authors
The CHA2DS2-VASc Risk Score Predicts Total Occlusion in Infarct-Related Arteries in Patients With NSTEMI: Reply
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Plonowanie i jakość wybranych gatunków i odmian pszenicy makaronowej. Cz. I. Plonowanie
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to analyze the yield and the elements of the yield structure of four winter wheat cultivars – three common wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare): ‘Laudis’, ‘Patinas’ and ‘Danubius’ and one durum wheat cultivar (Triticum durum Desf. ‘Lupidur’) and four cultivars of spring wheat – two cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare): ‘Nawra’ and ‘Telimena’ and two cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. ‘Haristide’ and ‘Floradur’) cultivated in the conventional farming system. The field experiment was carried out in 2018–2021 on a farm in Niedrzwica Duża in Lubelskie Voivodeship. The cultivation conditions and agrotechnical treatments were the same for all species/cultivars in the following years of the study. The higher yield presented common wheat compared to durum wheat cultivars, moreover, winter forms presented a higher yield than spring ones for both species. A different reaction of the species compared in the years of the research was shown, especially for the spring forms. In the periods of increased water shortages, the yield of durum wheat did not differ significantly from that of common wheat. In the years with a more optimal distribution of precipitation, the yield of common wheat was higher from 18.4% to 28.7%.Celem przeprowadzonych badań była analiza plonowania i elementów struktury plonu czterech odmian pszenicy ozimej – trzech odmian pszenicy zwyczajnej (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare): ‘Laudis’, ‘Patinas’ i ‘Danubius’ i jednej odmiany pszenicy twardej (Triticum durum Desf.) – ‘Lupidur’ – oraz czterech odmian pszenicy jarej – dwóch odmian pszenicy zwyczajnej (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare): ‘Nawra’ i ‘Telimena’ i dwóch odmian pszenicy twardej (Triticum durum Desf.): ‘Haristide’ i ‘Floradur’ – uprawianych w systemie rolnictwa konwencjonalnego. Doświadczenie polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2018–2021 w gospodarstwie rolnym w Niedrzwicy Dużej w województwie lubelskim. Warunki uprawy i zabiegi agrotechniczne były jednakowe dla wszystkich gatunków/odmian w kolejnych latach badania. Wyżej plonowały odmiany pszenicy zwyczajnej w porównaniu z odmianami pszenicy Triticum durum Desf., ponadto formy ozime prezentowały wyższy plon niż jare w przypadku obu gatunków. Wykazano odmienne plonowanie porównywanych gatunków w latach badań, szczególnie dla form jarych. W okresach zwiększonych niedoborów wody plon pszenicy durum nie różnił się istotnie od pszenicy zwyczajnej. W latach o bardziej optymalnym rozkładzie opadów plon pszenicy zwyczajnej był wyższy od 18,4% do 28,7%.
 
Zachwaszczenie, plonowanie i efektywność ekonomiczna uprawy prosa zwyczajnego (Panicum miliaceum L.) w zależności od rodzaju herbicydów i ich dawki
Get PDFThe article presents the results of research conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Station (central Lublin region, Poland) in 2014–2016 on the influence of some foliar herbicides (2,4-D + fluroxypyr; tribenuron-methyl + fluroxypyr; MCPA, dicamba + triasulfuron) on weed infestation , yielding and economic efficiency of proso millet cultivation. It should be mentioned that there are no registered herbicides for application in proso millet crops (the lists only include herbicides used before sowing and before proso millet emergence). The studies included herbicides recommended for foliar application in oat sowing, in rates of 100% and in rates reduced by 1/2 compared to the rates recommended in oat sowing. The control object were plots without herbicide application (mechanical weed control). The experiment was located on lessive soil made of loess, characterized by a good abundance of digestible nutrients (II valuation class). The classic (plow) method of tillage was used. The forecrop for proso millet was spring barley. The mineral NPK fertilization was adjusted to the initial soil fertility. It was proved that the foliar herbicides used in the experiment (in the tillering phase of proso millet) had high herbicidal effectiveness, and the low degree of weed infestation resulted in high productivity of proso millet in comparison with mechanical care (without herbicides). The effects of the herbicides 2,4-D + fluroxypyr and tribenuron-methyl + fluroxypyr applied in 100% doses were assessed particularly positively, because they almost completely eliminated weeds from the canopy. In turn, the herbicide dicamba + triasulfuron had a slightly lower herbicidal ability. The reasonableness of using foliar herbicides in weeding millet was shown, as they positively influenced the economic effect of cultivating this plant. The highest gross margin was obtained with the use of 100% doses of the herbicides Gold 400 EC (2,4-D; fluroxypyr) and Granstar Strong (tribenuron methyl; fluroxypyr). Despite the higher costs incurred on the cultivation of millet, the costs of herbicidal preparations were compensated by the high value of the obtained yield.W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym Czesławice (środkowa Lubelszczyzna, Polska) w latach 2014–2016, dotyczące wpływu wybranych herbicydów nalistnych (2,4-D + fluroksypyr; tribenuron-methyl + fluroksypyr; MCPA, dikamba + triasulfuron) na zachwaszczenie, plonowanie i efektywność ekonomiczną uprawy prosa zwyczajnego. Obecnie nie ma zarejestrowanych herbicydów do aplikacji w łanie prosa (w wykazach figurują jedynie herbicydy stosowane przed siewem i przed wschodami prosa). W badaniach uwzględniono herbicydy zalecane do stosowania nalistnego w zasiewach owsa, w dawkach 100% oraz w dawkach pomniejszonych o połowę względem dawek zalecanych. Obiekt kontrolny stanowiły poletka bez aplikacji herbicydów (mechaniczne zwalczanie chwastów). Eksperyment zlokalizowano na glebie płowej wytworzonej z lessu, cechującej się dobrą zasobnością w przyswajalne składniki pokarmowe (II klasa bonitacyjna). Zastosowano klasyczny (płużny) sposób uprawy roli. Przedplonem dla prosa był jęczmień jary. Nawożenie mineralne NPK dostosowano do zasobności gleby. Dowiedziono, że zastosowane herbicydy nalistne (w fazie krzewienia prosa) miały dużą skuteczność chwastobójczą. W efekcie niski stopień zachwaszczenia wpływał na wysoką produkcyjność prosa w porównaniu z uzyskaną w warunkach pielęgnacji mechanicznej (bez herbicydów). Szczególnie pozytywnie oceniono działanie herbicydów 2,4-D + fluroksypyr oraz tribenuron-metyl + fluroksypyr aplikowanych w dawkach 100%. Zastosowanie tych preparatów przyczyniło się do niemal całkowitej eliminacji chwastów. Z kolei herbicyd dikamba + triasulfuron posiadał nieco mniejszą zdolność chwastobójczą. Wykazano zasadność stosowania herbicydów nalistnych w odchwaszczaniu prosa. Ich aplikacja wpływała korzystnie na efekt ekonomiczny uprawy tej rośliny. Największą nadwyżkę bezpośrednią uzyskano stosując pełną dawkę herbicydów Gold 400 EC (2,4-D; fluroksypyr) i Granstar Strong (tribenuron metylowy; fluroksypyr). Pomimo poniesionych większych nakładów na uprawę prosa, koszty preparatów chwastobójczych rekompensowała wysoka wartość uzyskanego plonu
Wpływ praktyki rolniczej na plonowanie i zachwaszczenie pszenżyta ozimego
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate grain yield and weed infestation of winter triticale grown in various cropping and tillage systems. The first order factor studied was the cropping systems (CS): (1) crop rotation A (CR-A): peas – winter barley – winter triticale; (2) crop rotation B (CR-B): lupin – winter wheat – winter triticale; and (3) winter triticale monoculture (MON). The second order factor included tillage systems (TS): (a) conventional (CT); (b) reduced (RT); and (c) no-tillage (NT). A significantly higher triticale grain yield was recorded in CR-A and CR-B than in MON, and also in CT than in RT and NT, due to higher spike number per 1 m2, grain weight per spike, and 1000 grain weight. The weed community formed in triticale crop was mainly represented by short-lived species. A higher weed number per 1 m2 was determined in CR-A and MON than in CR-B as well as in RT than in CT and NT. In turn, weeds produced a higher air-dry weight of weeds in MON than in CR-Aand CR-B, and also in RT than in CT and NT. The tillage system affected the weed contribution in particular levels of winter triticale crop, with the lower-level and middle-level species prevailing in CT and RT, and the middle-level and upper-level ones in NT.This study aimed to evaluate grain yield and weed infestation of winter triticale grown in various cropping and tillage systems. The first order factor studied was the cropping systems (CS): (1) crop rotation A (CR-A): peas – winter barley – winter triticale; (2) crop rotation B (CR-B): lupin – winter wheat – winter triticale; and (3) winter triticale monoculture (MON). The second order factor included tillage systems (TS): (a) conventional (CT); (b) reduced (RT); and (c) no-tillage (NT). A significantly higher triticale grain yield was recorded in CR-A and CR-B than in MON, and also in CT than in RT and NT, due to higher spike number per 1 m2, grain weight per spike, and 1000 grain weight. The weed community formed in triticale crop was mainly represented by short-lived species. A higher weed number per 1 m2 was determined in CR-A and MON than in CR-B as well as in RT than in CT and NT. In turn, weeds produced a higher air-dry weight of weeds in MON than in CR-Aand CR-B, and also in RT than in CT and NT. The tillage system affected the weed contribution in particular levels of winter triticale crop, with the lower-level and middle-level species prevailing in CT and RT, and the middle-level and upper-level ones in NT
Establishing an effective protocol for micropropagation of mullberry (Morus nigra L.)
Get PDFMurashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators composed of different concentrations were used in vitro rapid and mass multiplication of nodal explants obtained from shoots of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) seedlings grown in a fully controlled greenhouse. Eighteen different concentration of 6-benzylaminopurin, thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin (KN) GA3 and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as plant growth regulators were used. In contrast to expectation, combinations of (TDZ 1.0 mg L–1 + GA3 0.25 mg L–1) and (TDZ 2.0 mg L–1 + GA3 0.25 mg L–1) were found to give positive results in shoot proliferation and plant formation at the end of the study. In the rooting study (NAA 0.5 mg L–1 + KN 0.1 mg L–1) and (NAA 0.5 mg L–1 + KN 0.2 mg L–1) treatment showed positive results.Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators composed of different concentrations were used in vitro rapid and mass multiplication of nodal explants obtained from shoots of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) seedlings grown in a fully controlled greenhouse. Eighteen different concentration of 6-benzylaminopurin, thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin (KN) GA3 and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as plant growth regulators were used. In contrast to expectation, combinations of (TDZ 1.0 mg L–1 + GA3 0.25 mg L–1) and (TDZ 2.0 mg L–1 + GA3 0.25 mg L–1) were found to give positive results in shoot proliferation and plant formation at the end of the study. In the rooting study (NAA 0.5 mg L–1 + KN 0.1 mg L–1) and (NAA 0.5 mg L–1 + KN 0.2 mg L–1) treatment showed positive results
In vitro seed germination and shoot proliferation of bat flower (Tacca chantrieri Andre)
Get PDFTacca chantrieri Andre, or bat flower, is a species from Taccaceae family that has unique inflorescences consisting of large, dark-colored bracts with long whiskers, making it suitable as ornamental pot plants. T. chantrieri leaves and rhizomes contain phytochemicals that have been reported to have medicinal properties. T. chantrieri is increasingly hard to find in their native habitat; their seeds have a very slow and low germination rate, whereas propagation in vivo by division takes a long time. A protocol is presented to optimize seed germination and in vitro propagation of T. chantrieri from West Borneo, Indonesia. We have developed a method to improve in vitro germination of freshly harvested T. chantrieri seeds. Pre-sowing treatment with 5 mg L –1 of GA3 for 5 × 24 h and addition of GA3 at 5 mg L–1 to the MS medium significantly promoted earlier and final germination up to >90% within 10 weeks after sowing compared to without GA3, or immersing in GA3 for shorter durations. MS media supplemented with indole acetic acid (IAA) at 0.5 mgL–1 and benzyl adenine (BA) at 1 or 2 mgL–1 was effective to induce shoot proliferation from in vitro germinated seeds; 7–10 shoots were produced after 12 weeks of culture. Shoot proliferation from basal shoot explants were best on MS supplemented with IAA at 0.5 mgL–1. The results of this study have provided a basis for further mass propagation efforts of T. chantrieri.Tacca chantrieri Andre, or bat flower, is a species from Taccaceae family that has unique inflorescences consisting of large, dark-colored bracts with long whiskers, making it suitable as ornamental pot plants. T. chantrieri leaves and rhizomes contain phytochemicals that have been reported to have medicinal properties. T. chantrieri is increasingly hard to find in their native habitat; their seeds have a very slow and low germination rate, whereas propagation in vivo by division takes a long time. A protocol is presented to optimize seed germination and in vitro propagation of T. chantrieri from West Borneo, Indonesia. We have developed a method to improve in vitro germination of freshly harvested T. chantrieri seeds. Pre-sowing treatment with 5 mg L –1 of GA3 for 5 × 24 h and addition of GA3 at 5 mg L–1 to the MS medium significantly promoted earlier and final germination up to >90% within 10 weeks after sowing compared to without GA3, or immersing in GA3 for shorter durations. MS media supplemented with indole acetic acid (IAA) at 0.5 mgL–1 and benzyl adenine (BA) at 1 or 2 mgL–1 was effective to induce shoot proliferation from in vitro germinated seeds; 7–10 shoots were produced after 12 weeks of culture. Shoot proliferation from basal shoot explants were best on MS supplemented with IAA at 0.5 mgL–1. The results of this study have provided a basis for further mass propagation efforts of T. chantrieri
EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID AND KAOLIN ON YIELD, PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS, AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN OLIVE CULTIVARS UNDER REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION: Effect of Salicylic acid and Kaolin olive cultivars
No full textIn this study, effect of salicylic acid (SA) and kaolin (KL) separately and simultaneously on yield, physiological traits and fatty acids composition of two olive cultivars (i.e. ‘Zard’ and ‘Roghani’) was investigated under three irrigation regimes. Results showed that deficit irrigation, especially 50% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), increased accumulation of MDA, proline and activity of antioxidant enzymes, but decreased chlorophyll content and yield in both the olive cultivars, as compared to full irrigation (100% ETc). Applying SA and KL alleviated the harmful effect of water deficit on plants through enhancing their chlorophyll content and antioxidant activity, and accordingly improved their yield, as compared to the controls. On the contrary, low irrigation mounted some fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, while reduced unsaturated/saturated fatty acids. Moreover, applying SA and KL simultaneously, as compared to the controls, increased unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and the quality of extracted olive oil. In general, the results showed that a simultaneous effect of SA and KL, in comparison to their separate application, had a better effect on yield and quality of olive under water deficit.In this study, effect of salicylic acid (SA) and kaolin (KL) separately and simultaneously on yield, physiological traits and fatty acids composition of two olive cultivars (i.e. ‘Zard’ and ‘Roghani’) was investigated under three irrigation regimes. Results showed that deficit irrigation, especially 50% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), increased accumulation of MDA, proline and activity of antioxidant enzymes, but decreased chlorophyll content and yield in both the olive cultivars, as compared to full irrigation (100% ETc). Applying SA and KL alleviated the harmful effect of water deficit on plants through enhancing their chlorophyll content and antioxidant activity, and accordingly improved their yield, as compared to the controls. On the contrary, low irrigation mounted some fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, while reduced unsaturated/saturated fatty acids. Moreover, applying SA and KL simultaneously, as compared to the controls, increased unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and the quality of extracted olive oil. In general, the results showed that a simultaneous effect of SA and KL, in comparison to their separate application, had a better effect on yield and quality of olive under water deficit
Yield, quality and plant nutrient contents of lettuce under different deficit irrigation conditions
Get PDFThis research was carried out in two separate periods (spring and autumn) in 2018 to reveal the lettuce response of yield, some quality, and plant nutrient content under different water stress conditions. In the study, the effects of different irrigation levels applied with traditional deficit irrigation (TI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) techniques on lettuce growing were investigated. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa cv. ‘Campania’) was used as plant material. There were traditional farmers’ method of irrigation (TF), 125% traditional irrigation (TI-125), 100% traditional irrigation (TI-100), 75% traditional irrigation (TI-75), 50% traditional irrigation (TI-50), 125% partial root-zone drying technique (PRD-125), 100% partial root-zone drying technique (PRD-100), 75% partial root-zone drying technique (PRD-75), 50% partial root-zone drying (PRD-50) technique treatments. According to the results of the research, it was determined that different water stress applications were effective on the criteria examined in lettuce. The highest total and marketable yield values were obtained from the TF application, the second-highest values from the TI-125 application, and the lowest yield from the PRD-50 in the autumn period. In the spring season, the lowest yield was obtained from TI-50 and PRD-50 applications. Based on the treatments, the yield values were decreased and changes were experienced with the increase of the water stress in other examined criteria.This research was carried out in two separate periods (spring and autumn) in 2018 to reveal the lettuce response of yield, some quality, and plant nutrient content under different water stress conditions. In the study, the effects of different irrigation levels applied with traditional deficit irrigation (TI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) techniques on lettuce growing were investigated. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa cv. ‘Campania’) was used as plant material. There were traditional farmers’ method of irrigation (TF), 125% traditional irrigation (TI-125), 100% traditional irrigation (TI-100), 75% traditional irrigation (TI-75), 50% traditional irrigation (TI-50), 125% partial root-zone drying technique (PRD-125), 100% partial root-zone drying technique (PRD-100), 75% partial root-zone drying technique (PRD-75), 50% partial root-zone drying (PRD-50) technique treatments. According to the results of the research, it was determined that different water stress applications were effective on the criteria examined in lettuce. The highest total and marketable yield values were obtained from the TF application, the second-highest values from the TI-125 application, and the lowest yield from the PRD-50 in the autumn period. In the spring season, the lowest yield was obtained from TI-50 and PRD-50 applications. Based on the treatments, the yield values were decreased and changes were experienced with the increase of the water stress in other examined criteria
Antifungal activity of Mentha × Piperita L. essential oil
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of Mentha × Piperita L. (peppermint) essential oil (EO) against some plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Penicillium expansum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Rhizopus stolonifer). Antifungal activity of EO against the selected fungi was conducted using the agar diffusion method by adding peppermint EO concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 ppm). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of peppermint EO showed that the main constituent was menthol (36.4%), followed by menthone (27.7%) and menthyl acetate (11.2%). The mycelium growth of the selected fungi was significantly inhibited by peppermint EO. Light and electron microscopy studies showed that mycelium morphology was seriously changed after treatment with peppermint essential oil. The level of malondialdehyde illustrated that peppermint EO led to lipid peroxidation in the fungal pathogens. Therefore, due to its antifungal properties, peppermint EO can be used as an additive in the food industry and as an active substance in pharmaceuticals.The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of Mentha × Piperita L. (peppermint) essential oil (EO) against some plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Penicillium expansum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Rhizopus stolonifer). Antifungal activity of EO against the selected fungi was conducted using the agar diffusion method by adding peppermint EO concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 ppm). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of peppermint EO showed that the main constituent was menthol (36.4%), followed by menthone (27.7%) and menthyl acetate (11.2%). The mycelium growth of the selected fungi was significantly inhibited by peppermint EO. Light and electron microscopy studies showed that mycelium morphology was seriously changed after treatment with peppermint essential oil. The level of malondialdehyde illustrated that peppermint EO led to lipid peroxidation in the fungal pathogens. Therefore, due to its antifungal properties, peppermint EO can be used as an additive in the food industry and as an active substance in pharmaceuticals