Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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The effect of 15 July coup attempt on the academicians' perceptions of religious groups (İnönü University sample)
No full textTürkiye'de 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde Fetullahçı Terör Örgütü'nün (FETÖ) liderliğinde askeri bir darbe girişimi gerçekleştirildi. Söz konusu darbe girişiminin dini bir grup olarak bilinen bir yapı öncülüğünde gerçekleştirilmesi ülke genelinde yerleşik birçok dini algının değişimine neden olmuştur. Kendini inanç yelpazesinin farklı noktalarında gören insanların darbe girişiminden dolayı dini gruplara dair farklı yaklaşımlar içine girdiği düşüncesiyle, dini gruplara yönelik algı değişiminin hangi yönde seyrettiğine dair bir araştırmanın yapılması sosyolojik bir araştırma bağlamında önemli görünmekteydi. Bu bağlamda, öğretim elamanların tecrübe ve deneyimlerinden faydalanılarak, söz konusu vakanın dini gruplara yönelik yaklaşımlarda, algılarda ne düzeyde bir etkiye neden olduğu incelenmiştir. Araştırmada eş zamanlı karma desen kullanılarak hem nicel hem de nitel bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. 16 maddeden oluşan beşli likert bir Dini Grup Algı Ölçeği geliştirilerek nicel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Nicel çalışma kapsamında 221 akademisyenin görüşleri alınmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenlere göre veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, 10 soru içeren bir mülakat formu aracılığıyla nitel bir araştırma yürütülmüştür. Nitel çalışmada, 42 akademisinin görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, darbe girişiminin İnönü Üniversitesinde görev yapan akademisyenlerin dini gruplara yönelik algılarında değişimlere yol açtığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda dini gruplar, genel anlamda olmazsa da, devlet için birer tehdit, toplum dayanışması için zararlı, ötekileştirici, daha az güvenilir, yabancı istihbaratlar, devletler tarafından kullanılabilecek odaklar şeklinde bir algının oluştuğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Her ne kadar toplumun dini gruplara karşı olan tutum değişimleri geleneksel algılarda ters yönde bir etki bırakmış olsa da, dini gruplara karşı daha temkinli, daha sorgulayıcı bir yaklaşımın da benimsendiği görülmektedir.On July 15, 2016, a military coup attempt was carried out in Turkey under the leadership of the Fetullah Terrorist Organization (FETÖ). The fact that the coup attempt was carried out under the leadership of an organization known as a religious group caused many changes in religious perceptions throughout the country. Considering that people who consider themselves at different points in the belief spectrum have different approaches to religious groups due to the military attempt, conducting a study on the direction of the change in perception towards religious groups seemed important in the context of a sociological study. In this context, the experience and expertise of academic staff was consulted to examine the extent to which the military attempt had an impact on approaches and perceptions towards religious groups. The study was conducted using a simultaneous mixed design, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A quantitative study was conducted by developing a five-point Likert-type Religious Group Perception Scale consisting of 16 items. The opinions of 221 academicians were obtained within the scope of the quantitative study. The data were evaluated according to the independent variables. In addition, a qualitative study was conducted through an interview form containing 10 questions. The opinions of 42 academicians were sought in the qualitative study. According to the findings, it is seen that the coup attempt caused changes in the perceptions of academicians working at İnönü University towards religious groups. In this context, it is concluded that religious groups are perceived as a threat to the state, harmful to social solidarity, alienating, less reliable, and as focuses that could be used by foreign intelligence and states, although not in a general sense. Although the changes in society's attitude towards religious groups have had an adverse effect on traditional perceptions, it is also seen that a more cautious and questioning approach has been adopted towards religious groups
A proposal for improvement of production processes with lean SWOT analysis and 9S method and an application
No full textGelişen teknoloji, artan rekabet, değişen müşteri beklentileri, yüksek kalite gereksinimi, kısa süreli teslimat isteği ve azalan ürün yaşam döngüleri gibi sürekli değişen koşullar, işletmeleri üretim maliyetlerini düşürmeye ve esnek olmaya zorlamaktadır. Bu dinamik ortamda işletmelerin sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı sağlayabilmeleri için etkin stratejiler geliştirmeleri kaçınılmazdır. Yalın düşünce felsefesinin işletmelere uygulanması, bu stratejilerin başında gelmekte olup, işletmenin israflardan arındırılması ve müşteri odaklı değer yaratma sisteminin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, döküm sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir üretim işletmesinin talaşlı imalat işleme alanı pilot bölge olarak belirlenmiş ve bu alan Yalın SWOT Analizi yöntem önerisi çerçevesinde kapsamlı şekilde iyileştirilmiştir. Yalın SWOT Analizi, tıpkı bir PUKÖ döngüsü gibi çalışarak süreçteki Güçlü Yönler, Zayıf Yönler, Fırsatlar ve Tehditler boyutlarını bir arada ele almakta ve bu dört boyutu birbiriyle etkileşimli şekilde yöneterek sürekli iyileştirme yaklaşımıyla geliştirmektedir. Bu yöntem, sadece sorun odaklı klasik problem çözme mantığını aşarak güçlü yönlerin daha da geliştirilmesini sağlamakta, aynı zamanda güçlü yönlerin zayıf yönlerin iyileştirilmesinde etkin bir kaldıraç olarak kullanılmasına imkân tanımaktadır. Yalın SWOT anlayışının yanı sıra, çalışmada Türkiye'de ilk defa uygulanan 9S metodu tercih edilmiştir. Literatürde yer alan 5S ve 6S kavramlarından farklı olarak, içerik ve sıralaması güncellenerek zenginleştirilmiş bir 9S metodu önerilmiş ve pilot bölgede başarıyla uygulanmıştır. 9S, literatürde bilinen S faktörlerinden öteye geçerek, 5S uygulamalarında sıklıkla yaşanan devamlılık, çalışan bağlılığı ve kültürel benimseme sorunlarına çözüm getirecek şekilde yeniden tasarlanmıştır. Bu yöntem sayesinde, yalın kültürün işletmede kalıcı şekilde yerleşmesi sağlanmış; düzen, disiplin ve standartlaştırmanın yanı sıra motivasyon, sahiplenme ve sürekli iyileştirme gibi kritik faktörler de sisteme entegre edilmiştir. Uygulama sonuçları, işletmede kayda değer gelişmeleri ortaya koymuştur. Yalın SWOT analizi uygulaması sonucunda işletmede OEE değerleri ortalama %5,4 oranında artış göstermiş, güçlü yönler güçlendirilerek zayıf yönlerin daha hızlı iyileştirilmesi sağlanmıştır. İşletmede yalın kültür başarılı şekilde yerleşmiş, çalışanların gönüllü katılımıyla kaizen ve problem çözme kültürleri benimsenmiştir. Bu kültürün etkisiyle hayata geçirilen kaizen projeleri, ciddi anlamda maliyet azaltımlarına katkı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, 9S çalışmaları sayesinde işletme daha tertipli, düzenli ve yalın düşünceye hakim bir organizasyon yapısına dönüşmüştür. Böylece hem Yalın SWOT Analizi hem de güncellenmiş 9S metodunun üretim süreçlerinde somut, uygulanabilir ve yaygınlaştırılabilir birer iyileştirme aracı olduğu pratikte gösterilmiştir. Tüm bu iyileştirmeler, işletmenin rekabet gücünü arttırmış ve sürdürülebilir üretim performansı sağlamıştır. Bu çıktıların bütününde, önerilen yöntemlerin literatüre katkı sağlayarak hemen hemen her sektörde örnek bir uygulama modeli sunabileceği görülmüştür. Anahtar Sözcükler: Süreç İyileştirme, Yalın Üretim Teknikleri, Yalın SWOT Analizi, 9SConstantly changing conditions such as developing technology, increasing competition, changing customer expectations, high quality requirements, short-term delivery requirements, and decreasing product lifecycles force businesses to reduce production costs and maintain flexibility. In this dynamic environment, it is essential for businesses to develop effective strategies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Implementing the lean thinking philosophy in businesses is a key component of these strategies, contributing to the elimination of waste and the establishment of a customer-focused value creation system. In this study, the machining processing area of a manufacturing company operating in the casting industry was selected as a pilot area, and this area was comprehensively improved within the framework of the Lean SWOT Analysis methodology. Lean SWOT Analysis operates like a PDCA cycle, addressing the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats dimensions in the process together and managing these four dimensions interactively with a continuous improvement approach. This method transcends the problem-focused, classical problem-solving logic, enabling the further development of strengths and enabling the use of strengths as effective leverage to improve weaknesses. In addition to the lean SWOT approach, the 9S method, implemented for the first time in Turkey, was used in the study. Unlike the 5S and 6S concepts found in the literature, a 9S method was proposed with updated content and sequence, enriched, and successfully implemented in a pilot region. 9S went beyond the S factors known in the literature and was redesigned to address the continuity, employee engagement, and cultural adoption issues frequently encountered in 5S practices. This method ensured the permanent establishment of a lean culture within the company; critical factors such as motivation, ownership, and continuous improvement were integrated into the system, along with order, discipline, and standardization. The application results revealed significant improvements within the company. As a result of the lean SWOT analysis, OEE values increased by an average of 5.4%, strengthening strengths and enabling faster improvement of weaknesses. The lean culture was successfully established within the company, and kaizen and problem- solving cultures were adopted through the voluntary participation of employees. Kaizen projects implemented under the influence of this culture have contributed to significant cost reductions. Furthermore, thanks to 9S efforts, the company has transformed into a more organized, streamlined organization that embraces lean thinking. Thus, both the Lean SWOT Analysis and the updated 9S method have been demonstrated in practice as concrete, applicable, and extensible improvement tools in production processes. All these improvements have increased the company's competitiveness and ensured sustainable production performance. All of these outcomes demonstrate that the proposed methods can contribute to the literature and serve as an exemplary application model in almost every sector. Keywords: Process Improvement, Lean Manufacturing Techniques, Lean SWOT Analysis, 9
Kontrowersje związane z realizacją strategii „od pola do stołu”. Praca przeglądowa
Full text linkGrowing climate and environmental problems oblige us to look for effective solutions in business activities. In December 2019, the European Commission issued a communication on the European Green Deal strategy, which set ambitious goals to achieve climate neutrality until 2050. The paper briefly characterizes the aims and priorities of the European Green Deal and the Farm to Fork strategy and reviews research on the impact of their implementation. The causes underlying farmers’ protests in Poland and an attempt to explain them were also presented. The arguments lead to the general conclusion that a broad-based information policy on EGD as well as training and advisory activities for farmers and food consumers are necessary. An appropriate level of farmers' knowledge could change their attitudes and increase acceptance of the proposed solutions.Rosnące problemy klimatyczne i środowiskowe obligują do poszukiwania efektywnych rozwiązań w działalności gospodarczej. W grudniu 2019 r. Komisja Europejska wydała komunikat dotyczący strategii Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu, który wyznaczył ambitne cele w dążeniu do osiągnięcia neutralności klimatycznej do 2050 r. W pracy scharakteryzowano krótko cele i priorytety Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu (EZŁ) i strategii „od pola do stołu” oraz dokonano przeglądu badań nad skutkami ich wprowadzenia. Przedstawiono także przyczyny protestów rolników w Polsce i podjęto próbę ich wyjaśnienia. Zaprezentowane wywody prowadzą do ogólnego wniosku, że niezbędna jest szeroko zakrojona polityka informacyjna na temat EZŁ oraz działania szkoleniowo-doradcze dla rolników i konsumentów żywności. Odpowiedni poziom wiedzy rolników mógłby wpłynąć na zmianę ich postaw i większą akceptację proponowanych rozwiązań
Awareness and perception of contemporary climate change in the opinion of berry producers in Poland
Full text linkAgriculture, including horticulture, is one of the most vulnerable industries due to its high dependence on weather conditions. The topic of the impact of climate change on agriculture is being addressed more and more frequently, but research on berry producers’ awareness and perception of climate change is rarely conducted. Meanwhile, adaptation and mitigation measures at the farm level depend largely on the farmer’s awareness. Hence, the aim of this work was to identify the opinions of berry fruit producers in Poland and to assess their level of awareness, in terms of climate change and perception of the two-sided impact, i.e. climate change on production and production on climate. The data used in the work came from survey research conducted in 2021–2023 among 140 berry producers from 13 voivodeships of Poland. Only 8.57% of the surveyed berry producers are climate denialists, but as many as 75% of producers believe that berry production does not contribute to climate change. Producers point to rising in air temperature, dry spells, spring frosts, increased frequency of thunderstorms, strong winds and hailstorms as the most dangerous phenomena accompanying climate change. Producers include adaptation changes in their organizational and investment plans, but most see obstacles to implementation.Agriculture, including horticulture, is one of the most vulnerable industries due to its high dependence on weather conditions. The topic of the impact of climate change on agriculture is being addressed more and more frequently, but research on berry producers’ awareness and perception of climate change is rarely conducted. Meanwhile, adaptation and mitigation measures at the farm level depend largely on the farmer’s awareness. Hence, the aim of this work was to identify the opinions of berry fruit producers in Poland and to assess their level of awareness, in terms of climate change and perception of the two-sided impact, i.e. climate change on production and production on climate. The data used in the work came from survey research conducted in 2021–2023 among 140 berry producers from 13 voivodeships of Poland. Only 8.57% of the surveyed berry producers are climate denialists, but as many as 75% of producers believe that berry production does not contribute to climate change. Producers point to rising in air temperature, dry spells, spring frosts, increased frequency of thunderstorms, strong winds and hailstorms as the most dangerous phenomena accompanying climate change. Producers include adaptation changes in their organizational and investment plans, but most see obstacles to implementation
The assessment of production organization of farms conducting animal production in Lubelskie and Podlaskie voivodeships
Full text linkOrganic system is a farming model based on the harmonious realization of ecological, economic and social objectives together. This system is defined as a farming system with sustainable crop and livestock production. Organic production should combine environmentally friendly management practices, support a high degree of biodiversity, use natural processes and ensure proper animal keeping. This article presents the organizational and production results of organic livestock farms: dairy and meat farms, located in two regions of Poland: in the Lubelskie and Podlaskie voivodeships. The results showed that the production and economic efficiency of the tested farms depended on the organization of plant and animal production. The tested farms differed slightly in the organization of crop production, including its basic determinant, as cropping pattern. Dairy farms were characterized by a higher crop productivity expressed in terms of grain units, which amounted to 688 units and was 53% higher than on farms with meat production. On the other hand, the crop productivity index per unit area was respectively: 20.7 and 22.3. cereal units·ha–1. Organic farms keeping beef cattle achieved lower levels of production performance than dairy farms. Greater economic efficiency in the management of land resources was achieved by farms with a dairy farms.Organic system is a farming model based on the harmonious realization of ecological, economic and social objectives together. This system is defined as a farming system with sustainable crop and livestock production. Organic production should combine environmentally friendly management practices, support a high degree of biodiversity, use natural processes and ensure proper animal keeping. This article presents the organizational and production results of organic livestock farms: dairy and meat farms, located in two regions of Poland: in the Lubelskie and Podlaskie voivodeships. The results showed that the production and economic efficiency of the tested farms depended on the organization of plant and animal production. The tested farms differed slightly in the organization of crop production, including its basic determinant, as cropping pattern. Dairy farms were characterized by a higher crop productivity expressed in terms of grain units, which amounted to 688 units and was 53% higher than on farms with meat production. On the other hand, the crop productivity index per unit area was respectively: 20.7 and 22.3. cereal units·ha–1. Organic farms keeping beef cattle achieved lower levels of production performance than dairy farms. Greater economic efficiency in the management of land resources was achieved by farms with a dairy farms
Zawartość metali ciężkich w glebie oraz ich fitokumulacja w populacjach Isopyrum thalictroides L. na stanowiskach grądowych
Full text linkThe research was conducted in early spring in 2021 and 2022 on four populations of Isopyrum thalictroides. The first one grew in an unpolluted natural forest complex, the other three in small mid-field forest islands. The aim of the research was to assess the content of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni) in the soil and their phytoaccumulation in Isopyrum thalictroides populations occurring in oak-hornbeam habitats with varying intensity of agricultural anthropopression. Plant and soil samples were taken from each site. The content of heavy metals was determined using the optical emission spectrometry method (ICP-OES). The accumulation index was calculated and the SPAD leaf greenness index measurements were analyzed. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the content of metals in plants and soil was varied and depended on the site occupied. The lowest concentration was recorded in plant samples from the compact forest complex, and significantly higher in plant samples taken from the mid-field islands. Similarly, the content of metals in the soil was the lowest in the sample from the forest complex, and higher in samples from the mid-field forest islands. Isopyrum thalictroides accumulates Fe to a moderate degree, and Zn to an intensive degree at all sites. In relation to Mn, Pb, Cr and Ni, it shows an intensive degree of accumulation at site 2 (mid-field island), and average at the remaining sites. On the other hand, the SPAD leaf greenness index was the lowest for the compact forest complex, and significantly higher for the mid-field islands, i.e. better plant nutrition with nitrogen, which indicates the penetration of N compounds into the soils of the mid-field islands. The conducted studies indicate the agricultural origin of increased heavy metal contents in the soil of mid-field forest islands and the possibility of using Isopyrum thalictroides as a bioindicator to assess the degree of heavy metal contamination of oak-hornbeam habitats.Badania prowadzono wczesną wiosną w latach 2021 i 2022 na czterech populacjach Isopyrum thalictroides. Pierwsza rosła w niezanieczyszczonym naturalnym kompleksie leśnym, pozostałe trzy w niewielkich śródpolnych wyspach leśnych. Celem badań była ocena zawartości metali ciężkich (Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni) w glebie oraz ich fitokumulacji w populacjach Isopyrum thalictroides występujących na siedliskach grądowych o zróżnicowanym natężeniu antropopresji rolniczego pochodzenia. Z każdego stanowiska pobrano próby roślinne i glebowe. Oznaczono zawartość metali ciężkich metodą emisyjnej spektometrii optycznej (ICP-OES).Wyliczono wskaźnik kumulacji oraz dokonano analizy pomiarów indeksu zieloności liści SPAD. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, że zawartość metali w roślinach i glebie była zróżnicowana i zależała od zajmowanego stanowiska. Najniższe stężenie notowano w próbach roślin pochodzących ze zwartego kompleksu leśnego, a istotnie wyższe w próbach roślin pobranych ze śródpolnych wysp. Podobnie zawartość metali w glebie była najniższa w próbie z kompleksu leśnego, a wyższa w próbach ze śródpolnych wysp leśnych. Isopyrum thalictroides w średnim stopniu kumuluje Fe, a w intensywnym stopniu Zn na wszystkich stanowiskach. Wykazuje intensywny stopień kumulacji Mn, Pb, Cr i Ni na stanowisku 2 (śródpolna wyspa), a średni na pozostałych stanowiskach. Natomiast indeks SPAD zazielenienia liści był najniższy dla zwartego kompleksu leśnego, a znacznie wyższy dla śródpolnych wysp, gdzie rośliny były lepiej odżywione azotem, co wskazuje na przenikanie związków N do gleb śródpolnych wysp. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na rolnicze pochodzenie podwyższonych zawartości metali ciężkich w glebie śródpolnych wysp leśnych oraz możliwość wykorzystania Isopyrum thalictroides jako biowskaźnika do oceny stopnia skażenia metalami ciężkimi siedlisk grądowych
Reciprocal cross-compatibility in cut rose breeding
Full text linkRose breeding companies have developed new rose varieties in response to increasing demands for color, fragrance and shapes. Hybridization is one of the most important methods of creating new rose variations. Breeders focus on fertility, reproduction, and a high number of seeds per fruit. In the present study, four Rosa genotypes (‘Jumilia’, ‘Black Magic’, ‘Tineke’, ‘Black Baccara’) were crossed to assess genetic compatibility, seed formation potential and germination rate. The results showed that all genotypes were tetraploid, and pollen germination varied from 11.36% to 23.41%. The highest crossability rate (94.44%) was found in the ‘Black Baccara’ × ‘Jumilia’ combination, followed by ‘Black Magic’ × ‘Jumilia’ (60%). The highest seed yields were obtained in ‘Jumilia’ × ‘Tineke’ (60.50). ‘Tineke’ × ‘Jumilia’ (43.74) showed the second highest number of seeds per fruit, whereas limited success was determined in cross ‘Jumilia’ × ‘Black Magic (2.25). The maximum germination percentage was found in ‘Jumilia’ when crossed with ‘Tineke’. Significant variations were recorded for the weight of hips and weight of fruit. The PCA-biplot results indicated a positive correlation between crossability rate and seed production efficiency. Overall, the choice of parents was crucial for the crossability indices, which are the average crossability rate and seed production efficiency.Rose breeding companies have developed new rose varieties in response to increasing demands for color, fragrance and shapes. Hybridization is one of the most important methods of creating new rose variations. Breeders focus on fertility, reproduction, and a high number of seeds per fruit. In the present study, four Rosa genotypes (‘Jumilia’, ‘Black Magic’, ‘Tineke’, ‘Black Baccara’) were crossed to assess genetic compatibility, seed formation potential and germination rate. The results showed that all genotypes were tetraploid, and pollen germination varied from 11.36% to 23.41%. The highest crossability rate (94.44%) was found in the ‘Black Baccara’ × ‘Jumilia’ combination, followed by ‘Black Magic’ × ‘Jumilia’ (60%). The highest seed yields were obtained in ‘Jumilia’ × ‘Tineke’ (60.50). ‘Tineke’ × ‘Jumilia’ (43.74) showed the second highest number of seeds per fruit, whereas limited success was determined in cross ‘Jumilia’ × ‘Black Magic (2.25). The maximum germination percentage was found in ‘Jumilia’ when crossed with ‘Tineke’. Significant variations were recorded for the weight of hips and weight of fruit. The PCA-biplot results indicated a positive correlation between crossability rate and seed production efficiency. Overall, the choice of parents was crucial for the crossability indices, which are the average crossability rate and seed production efficiency
Bacteriostatic and antioxidant properties of paulownia leaf extracts (Paulownia spp.) as natural products in crop protection
Full text linkPaulownia leaf extracts were tested for their bacteriostatic and antioxidant properties against six pathogenic bacteria in vegetable and fruit crops. Paulownia leaf extracts were most effective against the Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae. Paulownia extracts were less effective against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Only Erwinia carotovora was resistant to the tested plant extracts. The type of extraction solvent significantly impacts the antibacterial activity and the flavonoid and polyphenol contents of plant extracts. Acetone and alcoholic extracts had a higher content of flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds than water extracts, which resulted in their better bacteriostatic properties. The growth inhibition zones of the tested bacteria and the contents of flavonoids and polyphenols were significantly correlated. However, the bacteriostatic properties and antioxidant activity were not significantly correlated.Paulownia leaf extracts were tested for their bacteriostatic and antioxidant properties against six pathogenic bacteria in vegetable and fruit crops. Paulownia leaf extracts were most effective against the Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae. Paulownia extracts were less effective against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Only Erwinia carotovora was resistant to the tested plant extracts. The type of extraction solvent significantly impacts the antibacterial activity and the flavonoid and polyphenol contents of plant extracts. Acetone and alcoholic extracts had a higher content of flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds than water extracts, which resulted in their better bacteriostatic properties. The growth inhibition zones of the tested bacteria and the contents of flavonoids and polyphenols were significantly correlated. However, the bacteriostatic properties and antioxidant activity were not significantly correlated
Effects of nitrogen dose and N-NH4:Ntotal ratio on growth, yield, and quality of greenhouse lettuce across seasons
Full text linkA factorial experiment testing the effects of different nitrogen dose applications (60, 80, and 120 kg ha–1) provided varying ratios of N-NH4 to the total amount of nitrogen supplied (0.4, 1.0) was conducted in two successive growing seasons (autumn-winter and spring) with the Lactuca sativa Lagarde F1. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were kept constant and uniform at all experimental plots, respectively 25 (P2O5) and 180 (K2O) kg ha–1. Root traits, growth parameters, yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and NO3 concentration in the lettuce leaves were measured and analyzed. N-NO3 concentration and NUE were the most sensitive traits to N dose applications and N-NH4:Ntotal ratio. The remaining traits, yield included, rather than on the N dose and its application forms, were subject to seasonal variation of environmental factors. A range of 60‒ 80 kg ha–1 N was the optimum for greenhouse lettuce fertilization. Further increase of N dose applications did not provide a higher yield, whereas it significantly increased the N-NO3 concentration in the plant and reduced the N use efficiency. The NO3 concentration in the lettuce leaves was reduced by increasing the ratio of N-NH4 to total N applied and extending the period of the latest N application before harvesting
Evaluation of sustainable strategies for greenhouse pest control in chrysanthemum and sweet pepper production
Full text linkThe effectiveness of 16 examples of selected sustainable practices in pest control (i.e. application of plant-derived products, microbial agents or inorganic compounds with expected low environmental impact; simultaneous use of already registered active substances against other harmful organisms, and trap cropping) was tested in the protected cultivation of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Creamist Golden and Capsicum annuum Ożarowska against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) and thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Thrips tabaci Lind.). The study identified Bacillus subtilis, common nettle manure, willow bark decoction, oregano and cinnamon essential oils as the most promising solutions for reducing spider mite population. However, in the thrips control, the infusion of Canadian goldenrod root showed a high immediate efficacy that was comparable to the abamectin that was used as a reference product. Further research on these substances is recommended to increase their effectiveness, understand their mode of action against pests and determine the impact on crops