Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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The Effect of Self-Esteem on Loneliness in Individuals With Schizophrenia
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-esteem on loneliness in persons with schizophrenia. This study was conducted between August 2020 and August 2021 at a community mental health center affiliated with a research and training hospital in Turkey. This was a cross-sectional study that included 100 individuals with schizophrenia. A Descriptive Characteristics Form (DCF), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS) were used for data collection. The individuals' total mean scores were 2.47 +/- 1.24 for RSES and 56.42 +/- 10.00 for UCLA-LS. A moderate negative correlation was found between these scores (r = -0.526, P < 0.01). The results revealed that the persons with schizophrenia had a moderate level of self-esteem and a high level of loneliness, possibly indicating that as self-esteem increases, loneliness levels may decrease
Zachwaszczenie soi w zależności od odmiany i rozstawy rzędów w warunkach uprawy metodą ekologiczną i konwencjonalną
Get PDFAn experiment in growing soybean was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, over the period 2018–2020. Three experimental factors were included in this study: cultivation method (conventional and organic), soybean cultivar (Aldana and Merlin), and row spacing (22.5 cm and 35 cm). The species composition, number, and air-dry weight of weeds were evaluated. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) and the Simpson dominance index (SI) were also calculated for the weed community in the soybean crop. Compared to conventional farming, organic cultivation significantly increased the number and dry weight of weeds as well as the numbers of the dominant species Echinochloa crus-galli. A significantly higher number and dry weight of weeds were found in the cv. Aldana crop than in the case of Merlin. In comparison with narrow-row cultivation, sowing soybean at the wider row spacing resulted in a greater number of weeds, in particular of the species Echinochloa crus-galli. Interrow width in the soybean crop did not cause differences in weed dry weight. The experimental factors slightly modified the Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (SI) indices.An experiment in growing soybean was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, over the period 2018–2020. Three experimental factors were included in this study: cultivation method (conventional and organic), soybean cultivar (Aldana and Merlin), and row spacing (22.5 cm and 35 cm). The species composition, number, and air-dry weight of weeds were evaluated. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) and the Simpson dominance index (SI) were also calculated for the weed community in the soybean crop. Compared to conventional farming, organic cultivation significantly increased the number and dry weight of weeds as well as the numbers of the dominant species Echinochloa crus-galli. A significantly higher number and dry weight of weeds were found in the cv. Aldana crop than in the case of Merlin. In comparison with narrow-row cultivation, sowing soybean at the wider row spacing resulted in a greater number of weeds, in particular of the species Echinochloa crus-galli. Interrow width in the soybean crop did not cause differences in weed dry weight. The experimental factors slightly modified the Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (SI) indices
Ocena innowacyjnych właściwości nawozów dolistnych z dodatkiem żelującym oraz ich oddziaływania na biomasę i plonowanie wybranych roślin uprawnych
Get PDFThe foliar application of nutrients is an important and constantly improved method of plant fertilization. The conducted research showed that it is possible to introduce a gelling substance into solid fertilizers, which will give their solutions beneficial properties for foliar application. Experiments with foliar application of 1-NPKMgS + micro and 2-NPKMgS + micro fertilizers were carried out in laboratory and field conditions. It was found that their 1% aqueous solutions remained on the sunflower leaf for nearly 20% longer than fertilizer solutions without the gelling additive. The foliar application of the assessed fertilizers increased the content of nutrients in the biomass of oil radish plants, including iron, by 14.3%. The maximum yields of potato, sugar beet, onion and winter rape increased, respectively by; 2.3 t ha–1, 4.2 t ha–1, 3.2 t ha–1 and 0.32 t ha–1 compared with the yields of plants not fed by foliar application.Nalistna aplikacja składników pokarmowych to ważny i ciągle doskonalony sposób nawożenia roślin. W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykazano, że możliwe jest wprowadzenie do nawozów w formie stałej substancji żelującej, która nada ich roztworom korzystne właściwości przy dolistnym zastosowaniu. Doświadczenia z aplikacją dolistną nawozów 1-NPKMgS + mikro oraz 2-NPKMgS + mikro przeprowadzono w warunkach laboratoryjnych i polowych. Stwierdzono, że ich 1% wodne roztwory utrzymywały się na liściu słonecznika o blisko 20% dłużej niż roztwory nawozów bez dodatku żelującego. Nalistna aplikacja ocenianych nawozów zwiększyła zawartość składników pokarmowych w biomasie roślin rzodkwi oleistej, w tym żelaza o 14,3%. Maksymalne zyskane plony ziemniaka, buraka cukrowego, cebuli i rzepaku ozimego wzrosły odpowiednio o 2,3 t ‧ ha–1; 4,2 t ‧ ha–1; 3,2 t ‧ ha–1 i 0,32 t ‧ ha–1 w porównaniem z plonami roślin niedokarmianych dolistnie
Analysis of the arachnophobia level based on contact with spiders and the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire
Get PDFArachnophobia is one of the most common phobias in society. The study was based on an online survey and a stationary study. The questionnaire was completed by 364 respondents. In the first part the respondents determined their level of arachnophobia on the Likert scale (IOA, individual assessment of arachnophobia), and in the second part completed the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ). Near 50% of respondents declared fear of spiders. There was a positive correlation between the FSQ results and IOA. In stationary study took part 7 women. Before the study, they completed the questionnaire from the first part of the study. During the study, the participants observed three spiders and the moult. Before, during, and after the study heart rate was measured. The mean score of the FSQ study was 103 and IOA scored between 5 to 7. The mean heart rate during contact with spiders was 113 bpm. Contact with spiders was a stressful situation, but the heart rate decreased just after 5 min.Arachnofobia jest jedną z najczęściej występujących fobii w społeczeństwie. Przeprowadzone badanie było oparte na na ankiecie online i badaniu stacjonarnym. W ankiecie wzięło udział 364 respondentów. W pierwszej części uczestnicy określali swój subiektywny poziom lęku przed pająkami w skali Likerta (IOA), a drugą część stanowił kwestionariusz Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ). Niemal 50% respondentów zadeklarowało, że boi się pająków. Zaobserwowano pozytywną korelację pomiędzy poziomem IOA oraz FSQ. W badaniu stacjonarnym wzięło udział 7 kobiet. Przed badaniem wypełniły kwestionariusz z pierwszej części badania. W trakcie badania uczestnicy obserwowali trzy pająki i wylinkę, w tym czasie mierzony był poziom tętna. Średni wynik kwestionariusza FSQ wyniósł 103, a IOA od 5 do 7. Średni poziom tętna podczas kontaktu z pajakami wynosił 113 bpm. Kontakt z pająkiem był dla uczestników doświadczeniem stresującym, ale poziom tętna spadł do poziomu bazowego po około 5 min
Witamina E niezbędna dla zdrowia i wydajności produkcyjnej świń
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to clarify the importance of vitamin E in pig nutrition. Vitamin E has many important functions in the body especially at the cellular level. It is responsible for regulation of DNA synthesis and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport. It stabilizes cell membranes, influencing their integrity, inhibits lipid peroxidation processes, and plays a role in the efficient functioning of the immune system. It has been shown to be responsible for enhancing both cellular and humoral immune responses, increasing lymphocyte proliferation, immunoglobulin action or NK cell activity. The immunostimulatory effect of vitamin E, increases immunity against certain pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 and influenza virus. In addition, vitamin E supplementation shows potential in enhancing resistance to intestinal disease in newborn pigs caused, among others, by E. coli bacteria, which contribute to increased piglet mortality before weaning.Celem pracy jest wyjaśnienie znaczenia witaminy E w żywieniu świń. Witamina E pełni wiele ważnych funkcji w organizmie, zwłaszcza na poziomie komórkowym. Odpowiada za regulację syntezy DNA oraz ekspresję genów związanych z metabolizmem lipidów i transportem cholesterolu. Stabilizuje błony komórkowe, wpływając na ich integralność, hamuje procesy peroksydacji lipidów, odgrywa rolę w sprawnym funkcjonowaniu układu odpornościowego. Wykazano, że odpowiada za wzmocnienie zarówno komórkowych, jak i humoralnych odpowiedzi immunologicznych, zwiększając proliferację limfocytów, działanie immunoglobulin czy aktywność komórek NK. Immunostymulujące działanie witaminy E, zwiększa odporność na niektóre patogeny, w tym Streptococcus pneumoniae typu 1 i wirusa grypy. Ponadto suplementacja witaminą E wykazuje potencjał w zwiększaniu odporności na choroby jelitowe u noworodków świń wywołane m.in. przez bakterie E. coli, które przyczyniają się do zwiększonej śmiertelności prosiąt przed odsadzeniem
Susceptibility of grapevine cultivars to Eutypa lata in Serbia
Get PDFThe species Eutypa lata is one of the most critical phytopathogenic fungi that presents a threat to vineyards by causing significant economic damage. This grapevine disease is hazardous because there is no adequate chemical protection, so after its progression, there is a decrease in yield and dieback of parts or whole infected shoots. There are also no grapevine cultivars resistant to this disease. For these reasons, in this paper, testing of the susceptibility of a pair of grapevine cultivars to this disease was carried out. The testing was performed under semicontrolled conditions and included six of the most economically essential grapevine cultivars in Serbia (Riesling italico, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cardinal, Rkaziteli, Pinot noir, and Prokupac). Testing was performed using 14 isolates of E. lata isolated in Serbia and two control isolates obtained from the INRA. For specific detection of isolates of Eutypa spp. included in the experiment, a specific pair of primers, Lata 1/Lata 2.2, was applied, and an amplicon of the expected size of approximately 385 bp was established in all isolates. In the conditions of the set experiment, of all of the domestic and foreign-tested grapevine cultivars, the local cultivar Prokupac showed greater resistance to the isolates. In contrast, the cultivars Riesling italico, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cardinal, Pinot noir showed sensitivity to the isolates of E. lata, but not to the same extent as the cultivar Rkaziteli, which proved to be susceptible.The species Eutypa lata is one of the most critical phytopathogenic fungi that presents a threat to vineyards by causing significant economic damage. This grapevine disease is hazardous because there is no adequate chemical protection, so after its progression, there is a decrease in yield and dieback of parts or whole infected shoots. There are also no grapevine cultivars resistant to this disease. For these reasons, in this paper, testing of the susceptibility of a pair of grapevine cultivars to this disease was carried out. The testing was performed under semicontrolled conditions and included six of the most economically essential grapevine cultivars in Serbia (Riesling italico, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cardinal, Rkaziteli, Pinot noir, and Prokupac). Testing was performed using 14 isolates of E. lata isolated in Serbia and two control isolates obtained from the INRA. For specific detection of isolates of Eutypa spp. included in the experiment, a specific pair of primers, Lata 1/Lata 2.2, was applied, and an amplicon of the expected size of approximately 385 bp was established in all isolates. In the conditions of the set experiment, of all of the domestic and foreign-tested grapevine cultivars, the local cultivar Prokupac showed greater resistance to the isolates. In contrast, the cultivars Riesling italico, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cardinal, Pinot noir showed sensitivity to the isolates of E. lata, but not to the same extent as the cultivar Rkaziteli, which proved to be susceptible
Ameliorative role of salicylic acid in the growth, nutrient content, and antioxidative responses of saltstressed lettuce
Get PDFPlant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are regulated by salicylic acid (SA), a signaling molecule. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of foliar SA treatments (0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mM) in reducing salt stress in lettuce exposed to 100 mM NaCl. Salt-stressed plants given a foliar application of SA showed alleviation of the negative effects of salinity, resulting in higher growth performance (increases of 6%–198%). The positive impacts of SA were especially noticeable as an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, such as total chlorophyll (31–72%) and total carotenoids (49–141%). Application of SA also helped to reduce membrane damage, as seen by significantly lower levels of MDA (31–70%) in the leaves of salt-stressed lettuce plants. Moreover, the use of SA enhanced overall flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as nutrient absorption. SA treatment also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, resulting in a considerable reduction in salt-induced oxidative damage. The most efficient SA application concentration was 0.50 mM. Overall, the use of SA as a foliar spray could be recommended as a long-term strategy for improving the defense systems of salt-stressed lettuce.Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are regulated by salicylic acid (SA), a signaling molecule. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of foliar SA treatments (0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mM) in reducing salt stress in lettuce exposed to 100 mM NaCl. Salt-stressed plants given a foliar application of SA showed alleviation of the negative effects of salinity, resulting in higher growth performance (increases of 6%–198%). The positive impacts of SA were especially noticeable as an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, such as total chlorophyll (31–72%) and total carotenoids (49–141%). Application of SA also helped to reduce membrane damage, as seen by significantly lower levels of MDA (31–70%) in the leaves of salt-stressed lettuce plants. Moreover, the use of SA enhanced overall flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as nutrient absorption. SA treatment also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, resulting in a considerable reduction in salt-induced oxidative damage. The most efficient SA application concentration was 0.50 mM. Overall, the use of SA as a foliar spray could be recommended as a long-term strategy for improving the defense systems of salt-stressed lettuce
Comparative leaf structural analysis of Nepeta nuda l. Plantlets, regenerated from cryopreserved shoot meristem and ex vitro-adapted plants
Get PDFThe leaf anatomy and chloroplast ultrastructure of Nepeta nuda L. plantlets regenerated in vitro from cryopreserved shoot apical meristem and in vitro-micropropagated plantlets were studied comparatively to assess whether cryoprocedure affected leaf morphogenesis. Both postcryo and in vitro plantlets failed to develop a distinguishable palisade layer, making the mesophyll appear homogeneous. Significant damage to the chloroplast envelope and substantial thylakoid ruptures were also observed. We assumed that the specific in vitro conditions more likely affected the structures than the cryotreatment itself. Light and transmission electron microscopy observations were also carried out on newly formed leaves of ex vitro-adapted plants. The examined leaf features were similar to those in the in situ plants – bifacial leaf lamina, double-layered palisade parenchyma, loosely arranged spongy parenchyma cells, and chloroplasts with intact envelope and evenly distributed throughout the stroma internal membrane system. The obtained histological and ultrastructural results revealed the retained morphogenetic potential of N. nuda plants and proved cryopreservation as a suitable method for long-term storage.The leaf anatomy and chloroplast ultrastructure of Nepeta nuda L. plantlets regenerated in vitro from cryopreserved shoot apical meristem and in vitro-micropropagated plantlets were studied comparatively to assess whether cryoprocedure affected leaf morphogenesis. Both postcryo and in vitro plantlets failed to develop a distinguishable palisade layer, making the mesophyll appear homogeneous. Significant damage to the chloroplast envelope and substantial thylakoid ruptures were also observed. We assumed that the specific in vitro conditions more likely affected the structures than the cryotreatment itself. Light and transmission electron microscopy observations were also carried out on newly formed leaves of ex vitro-adapted plants. The examined leaf features were similar to those in the in situ plants – bifacial leaf lamina, double-layered palisade parenchyma, loosely arranged spongy parenchyma cells, and chloroplasts with intact envelope and evenly distributed throughout the stroma internal membrane system. The obtained histological and ultrastructural results revealed the retained morphogenetic potential of N. nuda plants and proved cryopreservation as a suitable method for long-term storage
Effect of high-energy ionizing radiation on the DNA content and genetic variation in chrysanthemum plants regenerated from irradiated ovaries
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the range of quantitative and qualitative genetic changes in chrysanthemum plants regenerated in vitro from ovaries irradiated with high-energy photons (5, 10, and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (10 Gy). The highest DNA loss (up to 11%) was observed in plants originating from ovaries treated with 10 Gy high energy. AMOVA revealed significant differences between populations of plants representing different mutagenic treatments (18% for RAPD-based and 22% for SCoT-based analysis). The incidence of genetic changes was strongly correlated with the applied type and dose of ionizing radiation. The highest genetic distances to reference plants were observed for plants regenerated from 15 Gy high-energy photon (5.8% with RAPD and 1.7% with SCoT) and 10 Gy high-energy electron-treated explants (6.0% with RAPD and 2.9% with SCoT). Considerable changes in the phenotype of mutants were not necessarily correlated with the extent of genetic alterations. Qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluating post-radiation genetic changes should be combined for reliable detection of variant plants at early developmental stages.This study aimed to evaluate the range of quantitative and qualitative genetic changes in chrysanthemum plants regenerated in vitro from ovaries irradiated with high-energy photons (5, 10, and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (10 Gy). The highest DNA loss (up to 11%) was observed in plants originating from ovaries treated with 10 Gy high energy. AMOVA revealed significant differences between populations of plants representing different mutagenic treatments (18% for RAPD-based and 22% for SCoT-based analysis). The incidence of genetic changes was strongly correlated with the applied type and dose of ionizing radiation. The highest genetic distances to reference plants were observed for plants regenerated from 15 Gy high-energy photon (5.8% with RAPD and 1.7% with SCoT) and 10 Gy high-energy electron-treated explants (6.0% with RAPD and 2.9% with SCoT). Considerable changes in the phenotype of mutants were not necessarily correlated with the extent of genetic alterations. Qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluating post-radiation genetic changes should be combined for reliable detection of variant plants at early developmental stages
The influence of plant extracts on root biostimulation in different strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchense) cultivars
Get PDFThe use of botanical extracts is considered an important tool to stimulate plant growth, reduce the use of synthetic pesticides, or both. The impact of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Calendula officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Tagetes sp., and Taraxacum officinale on growth and root development of plants of five strawberry cultivars (‘Albion’, ‘Florence’, ‘Magnum’, ‘Rumba’, and ‘San Andreas’) grown in semi-field controlled conditions was tested in the present study. The vigor and growth of the five strawberry genotypes were significantly affected by the extracts, with cv. Florence consistently producing more biomass than any other variety compared to the untreated control. The extracts also impacted the root system differently depending on the specific genotype. However, the C. officinalis flower extract consistently improved the root architecture, increasing the value of five out of six parameters compared to the control. The genotype-related response points to the strong influence of the “variety factor” on the possible effect of plant extracts considered for biostimulation, plant protection purposes, or both, prompting the need for additional work to unravel the bottlenecks in using botanicals.The use of botanical extracts is considered an important tool to stimulate plant growth, reduce the use of synthetic pesticides, or both. The impact of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Calendula officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Tagetes sp., and Taraxacum officinale on growth and root development of plants of five strawberry cultivars (‘Albion’, ‘Florence’, ‘Magnum’, ‘Rumba’, and ‘San Andreas’) grown in semi-field controlled conditions was tested in the present study. The vigor and growth of the five strawberry genotypes were significantly affected by the extracts, with cv. Florence consistently producing more biomass than any other variety compared to the untreated control. The extracts also impacted the root system differently depending on the specific genotype. However, the C. officinalis flower extract consistently improved the root architecture, increasing the value of five out of six parameters compared to the control. The genotype-related response points to the strong influence of the “variety factor” on the possible effect of plant extracts considered for biostimulation, plant protection purposes, or both, prompting the need for additional work to unravel the bottlenecks in using botanicals