Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Determination of antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid content of Ocimum basilicum L. callus cultures obtained by different plant growth regulators
Get PDFIn this study, binary combinations of five plant growth regulators (PGR) were used for the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. calluses. Antioxidant properties, phenolic and flavonoid contents of O. basilicum L. calluses were determined by keeping the concentrations and solvents of PGR constant.The total phenolic content of ethanol extracts of O. basilicum L. calluses was between 1.044 ±0.188 and 0.417 ±0.049 mg of GAE/g; total phenolic content of methanol extracts was between 2.547 ±0.110 and 0.701 ±0.095 mg of GAE/g. The total flavonoid content of ethanol extracts was between 2.058 ±0.122 and 0.446 ±0.063 mg of quercetin/g, whereas the total flavonoid content of methanol extracts was between 3.010 ±0.336 and 0.341 ±0.041 mg of quercetin/g. The antioxidant content of ethanol extracts was between 2.826 ±0.141 and 5.736 ±0.201 mmol/g of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the antioxidant content of methanol extracts was between 4.186 ±0.394 and 1.050 ±0.211 mmol/g of TEAC.In this study, binary combinations of five plant growth regulators (PGR) were used for the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. calluses. Antioxidant properties, phenolic and flavonoid contents of O. basilicum L. calluses were determined by keeping the concentrations and solvents of PGR constant.The total phenolic content of ethanol extracts of O. basilicum L. calluses was between 1.044 ±0.188 and 0.417 ±0.049 mg of GAE/g; total phenolic content of methanol extracts was between 2.547 ±0.110 and 0.701 ±0.095 mg of GAE/g. The total flavonoid content of ethanol extracts was between 2.058 ±0.122 and 0.446 ±0.063 mg of quercetin/g, whereas the total flavonoid content of methanol extracts was between 3.010 ±0.336 and 0.341 ±0.041 mg of quercetin/g. The antioxidant content of ethanol extracts was between 2.826 ±0.141 and 5.736 ±0.201 mmol/g of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the antioxidant content of methanol extracts was between 4.186 ±0.394 and 1.050 ±0.211 mmol/g of TEAC
Fungicides and biotechnical agents in the protection of heathers against Pestalotiopsis sydowiana and their influence on plant growth
Get PDFIn the protection of heathers against shoot dieback caused by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, the highest percentage effectiveness of 92.6% to 100% was found on plants sprayed 12 times every 7 days with the active substances: iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid and trifloxystrobin and with the biotechnical agents containing: microcrystalline chitosan and extract from grapefruit seed and pulp, with an efficacy of 76.9% to 100%. The active substances like chlorothalonil, fluopyram + trifloxystrobin, iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, as well as microcrystalline chitosan and extract from grapefruit seed and pulp also stimulated plant growth. Heather plants sprayed with these agents and also those sprayed with cyprodinil + fludioxonil, trifloxystrobin and potassium carbonate + monopotassium phosphate were found to produce the highest number of new shoots. An increase in the fresh weight of the aboveground parts of the heather plants of more than 55.7% compared with the control plants was found after spraying the plants with the active substances such as: fluopyram + trifloxystrobin, iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, trifloxystrobin and with the biotechnological agents containing microcrystalline chitosan extract from grapefruit seed and pulp, and potassium carbonate + monopotassium phosphate. Similarly, the highest average dry weight of the aboveground parts was found after the application of these agents.In the protection of heathers against shoot dieback caused by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, the highest percentage effectiveness of 92.6% to 100% was found on plants sprayed 12 times every 7 days with the active substances: iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid and trifloxystrobin and with the biotechnical agents containing: microcrystalline chitosan and extract from grapefruit seed and pulp, with an efficacy of 76.9% to 100%. The active substances like chlorothalonil, fluopyram + trifloxystrobin, iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, as well as microcrystalline chitosan and extract from grapefruit seed and pulp also stimulated plant growth. Heather plants sprayed with these agents and also those sprayed with cyprodinil + fludioxonil, trifloxystrobin and potassium carbonate + monopotassium phosphate were found to produce the highest number of new shoots. An increase in the fresh weight of the aboveground parts of the heather plants of more than 55.7% compared with the control plants was found after spraying the plants with the active substances such as: fluopyram + trifloxystrobin, iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, trifloxystrobin and with the biotechnological agents containing microcrystalline chitosan extract from grapefruit seed and pulp, and potassium carbonate + monopotassium phosphate. Similarly, the highest average dry weight of the aboveground parts was found after the application of these agents
The changes in fatty acid profile during senescence and methyl jasmonate-induced senescence of Ginkgo biloba leaves
Get PDFThe present study describes changes in fatty acid (FA) composition in Ginkgo biloba leaves subjected to senescence and to senescence induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Green leaves were treated with MeJA in lanoline on the abaxial or adaxial side of the leaf blades. After three weeks of treatment, leaf blades and petioles were collected separately for FA analyses. Additionally, petioles and leaf blades were sampled for analyses before the experiment and after 6 weeks when leaf senescence was occurring. Linolenic (C18:3) and palmitic (C16:0) acids appeared to be the quantitatively most abundant FA in leaf blades and petioles of G. biloba. Both leaf senescence and that induced by MeJA caused a decrease in unsaturated FA content, especially linolenic (C18:3). However, the decrease in C18:3 acid in both leaf blades and petioles was greater when MeJA was applied to the abaxial side than when it was applied to the adaxial side of leaves or during senescence. At the same time, saturated FA content increased, resulting in a significant decrease in the ratio of total unsaturated to saturated FA. Since leaf fatty acids occur mainly as components of cell membranes, changes in their composition may have a crucial effect on membrane function and stability, as pointed out in the discussion of the results.The present study describes changes in fatty acid (FA) composition in Ginkgo biloba leaves subjected to senescence and to senescence induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Green leaves were treated with MeJA in lanoline on the abaxial or adaxial side of the leaf blades. After three weeks of treatment, leaf blades and petioles were collected separately for FA analyses. Additionally, petioles and leaf blades were sampled for analyses before the experiment and after 6 weeks when leaf senescence was occurring. Linolenic (C18:3) and palmitic (C16:0) acids appeared to be the quantitatively most abundant FA in leaf blades and petioles of G. biloba. Both leaf senescence and that induced by MeJA caused a decrease in unsaturated FA content, especially linolenic (C18:3). However, the decrease in C18:3 acid in both leaf blades and petioles was greater when MeJA was applied to the abaxial side than when it was applied to the adaxial side of leaves or during senescence. At the same time, saturated FA content increased, resulting in a significant decrease in the ratio of total unsaturated to saturated FA. Since leaf fatty acids occur mainly as components of cell membranes, changes in their composition may have a crucial effect on membrane function and stability, as pointed out in the discussion of the results
A comparison of functional vestibulo-ocular reflex and proprioception in athletes of combat sports and ball sports
No full textBackground: The contribution and role of sensory systems in providing postural control may vary depending on the condition or activity. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and proprioception might be affected by the type of sport.Objective: This study aimed to compare athletes engaged in combat sports and ball sports in terms of functional VOR and proprioception.Design: This study is a cross-sectional, comperative research.Method: Twenty-four athletes engaged in combat sports and 20 in ball sports were included in the study. Functional examination of VOR in athletes was performed with a novel Functional Head Impulse Test (fHIT). Proprioception analysis was evaluated using Laser Pointer Assisted Angle Reproduction Test (LPA-ART) in 90 degrees shoulder flexion and abduction.Results: fHIT lateral and posterior % Correct Answer (CA) values and anterior SCC 6000 degrees /s2 values of athletes engaged in ball sports were found to be statistically significantly higher than athletes in combat sports (p < 0.05). Except for anterior SCC 4000/s2 value, scores of the ball players in all accelerations and directions were higher than combat sports athletes, although it was not statistically significant. The 90 degrees shoulder flexion and abduction angle deviation values obtained from the LI-ATT were statistically lower in those who played ball sports (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Participation in sports branches played with the ball is expected to provide gains for athletes who want to reach high-level performance in proprioceptive and vestibular functioning and those with vestibular/proprioceptive pathology. Maintaining clear vision in dynamic sports branches can be improved by training VOR function
Prediction of transformer faults using transients signal analysis
No full textTemelde gerilim ve akım dönüştürme elemanı olan transformatörün, elektrik enerjisi iletim ve dağıtım ağında önemli bir işlevi bulunmaktadır. Statik ekipman ve sağlam yapıya sahip olan transformatör, normalde uzun süre şebekede kararlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde çalışabilmektedir. Transformatör arızaları birçok suiistimal ve bakım eksikliğinden kaynaklanabilmektedir. Transformatörde gerçekleşen arıza transformatör sargılarının işlevlerini yerine getirmesini engelleyecek düzeyde olursa sonuç normal yaşamın ve endüstriyel faaliyetlerin durmasına yol açabilir. Bu nedenle transformatörlerin korunması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada transformatörün hesabi değerlerinden aksesuarlarına kadar genel değerleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Transformatörlerin kalitesini belirleyen ve işletmede transformatör genel durumu hakkında bilgi veren transformatör testlerinin uygulama yöntemleri ve test sonuçları incelenmiştir. Transformatörler arızaya geçmeden önce geçici rejim ve sinyal izleme teknikleri ile transformatörlerde oluşacak arızaların önceden tespitinin nasıl yapılacağı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Aşırı sıcaklığa maruz kalan transformatörün arızaya geçmeden sinyal izleme teknikleri ile arıza almadan devreden çıkarılmasını sağlayan algoritmalar belirtilmiştir. Herhangi bir sebepten aşırı titreşim oluşturan transformatörün titreşim sinyalleri izlenerek daha büyük arıza almadan devreden çıkarılmasını ve kontrol edilmesini yol gösteren bir algoritma hazırlanmıştır. Doğa olaylarından veya anahtarlama esnasında oluşan yıldırım darbe gerilimlerinin darbe tipleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve darbe gerilimleri incelenmiştir. Arızalı transformatörün elektriksel kısmına bakılarak transformatör arıza sebeplerinin nasıl anlaşılacağı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. ATP programında 1000 kVA dağıtım tip bir transformatörün simülasyonu yapılarak yıldırım darbe deneyi uygulanmış ve delinme olayı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda Malatya ilinde bulunan bir Transformatör Faraday Kafesi ve Yıldırım Darbe Test Laboratuvarında Yıldırım Darbe Gerilim Jeneratörü kullanılarak 1000 kVA 33-0,4 kV Dyn11 Bakır sargılı bir transformatöre IEC 60076 standardına göre Tam Dalga Yıldırım Darbe Deneyi uygulanmıştır. Test sonucunda oluşan yıldırım darbe sinyalleri ve grafikleri verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Transformatör, Geçici rejim, EMTP-ATP, Arıza Tahmini.The transformer has an important role in the transmission and distribution network of electrical energy. Having static equipment and robust construction, the transformer normally works stably and reliably in the network for a long time. Transformer faults can withstand many abuses and lack of maintenance, if the fault in the transformer causes the transformer windings to not perform their functions, the result can lead to the cessation of normal life and industrial activities. Therefore, the protection of transformers becomes important. In this study, information is given about the general values of the transformer from its calculation values to its accessories. The application methods and test results of transformer tests, which determine the quality of transformers and give information about the general health of the transformer in operation are examined. Before transformers fail, information is given about transient signal processing techniques and how to detect faults in transformers beforehand. The algorithm that enables the transformer, which is exposed to extreme temperatures and to be taken out of the circuit without failing, with signal monitoring techniques are specified. An algorithm has been written that guides the deactivation and control of the transformer, which causes excessive vibration for any reason, by monitoring the vibration signals, to avoid a failure. Information was given about the waveshapes of the impulse voltages that occur during natural events or switching, and the impulse voltages were examined, the breakdown events of the resulting impulse voltages were also examined. The simulation of a 1000 kVA distribution type transformer was prepared in the EMTP-ATP program and lightning response is obtained. Then the two windings of this transformer were short-circuited and a lightning pulse was applied again and the rupture event was observed. By looking at the electrical part of the faulty transformer, information is given about how to understand the causes of transformer failure. At the end of the study, Full Wave Lightning Impact Test was applied to a 1000 kVA 33-0.4 kV Dyn11 Copper-wound transformer in accordance with IEC 60076 standard by using a Lightning Pulse Voltage Generator in a Transformer Faraday Cage and Lightning Impact Test Laboratory located in Malatya city. The lightning impulse signals and graphics formed as a result of the test were examined. Keywords: Transformer, Transient Regime, EMTP-ATP, Fault Predicti
A differential evolutionary chromosomal gene expression programming technique for electronic nose applications
No full textThe intelligent system applications require automated data-driven modeling tools. The performance consistency of modeling tools is very essential to reduce the need for human intervention. Classical Gene Expression Programmings (GEPs) employ predefined genetic rules for the node-based evolution of expression trees in the absence of optimal numerical values of constant terminals, and these shortcomings can limit the search efficiency of expression trees. To alleviate negative impacts of these limitations on the data-driven GEP modeling performance, a Differential Evolutionary Chromosomal GEP (DEC-GEP) algorithm is suggested. The DEC-GEP utilizes the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm for the optimization of a complete genotype of expression trees. For this purpose, a modifier gene container, which stores numerical values of constant terminals, is appended to the frame of GEP chromosome, and this modified chromosome structure enables simultaneous optimization of expression tree genotypes together with numerical values of constant terminals. Besides, the DEC-GEP algorithm can benefit from exploration and exploitation capabilities of the DE algorithm for more efficient evolution of GEP expression trees. To investigate consistency of the DEC-GEP algorithm in a data-driven modeling application, an experimental study was conducted for soft calibration of the low-cost, solid-state sensor array measurements, and results indicated that the DEC-GEP could yield dependable CO concentration estimation models for electronic nose applications.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
A randomized controlled trial of reflexology effect after abdominal surgery on patient satisfaction, pain and vital signs
No full textObjective: In our study, we investigated the effect of reflexology on patient satisfaction, pain and vital signs after abdominal surgery.Method: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with the participation of 156 abdominal surgery patients hospitalized in the general surgery unit of a training and research hospital. Personal Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale and Newcastle Nursing Care Satisfaction Scale were used in data collection. We performed the data analysis with One-way analysis of variance, Chi-squared test, paired samples t-test, and independent samples t-test.Results: When the pain, vital signs and satisfaction levels of the experimental and control groups were compared, the pain intensity of the experimental group was found to be lower and the level of satisfaction was higher after reflexology (p<0.01). After reflexology, the blood pressure was closer to 120/80 in the experimental group, the respiratory rate was between 16-22 (number/minute), the difference between the experimental and control groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the pulce oximetry values between the experimental and control groups.Conclusion: Surgical pain and non-optimal vital signs that are not well managed after surgery causes various complications and decrease patient satisfaction. The results of our study emphasize the power of reflexology in effective surgical pain management and normalizing vital signs and increasing patient satisfaction. We suggest that reflexology be performed to patients following abdominal surgery
Nietzsche and Cioran: The philosophy of crisis
No full textHayatın anlamı problemi, felsefi ve dini etkinliğin özünü oluşturur. Öte yandan hayatın veya herhangi bir şeyin anlamı, o şeyin amacı ve referansı aracılığıyla belirlenir. Amacı ve referansı düştüğünde o şey anlamını yitirir. Anlamı yitirilen hayat olduğunda ise insan kriz karakterli derin varoluşsal kaygılar duymaya başlar. Bu çalışmada Nietzsche ve Cioran'ın yaptığı felsefenin tümüyle bu türden bir kaygının ürünü olduğu iddia edilmiştir. Bu iddia üç bölümde temellendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Birinci bölümde insanın anlam kaygısının felsefe ve din tarafından uzun süreler boyunca nasıl karşılandığı serimlenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, Tanrı ve ölümsüzlük inancı ile birlikte bu inanca refere edilen tartışmasız bir etik sayesinde insanın varoluşsal kaygılarının modern zamanlara değin bir şekilde teskin edildiği ileri sürülmüştür. Ancak kabaca on beşinci ve on altıncı yüzyıldan itibaren varoluşsal kaygıları teskin eden inançların sarsılmaya başladığı ve insanın varoluşsal kaygısının derinleşerek evrensel bir kriz durumuna evrildiği ifade edilmiştir. Nietzsche ve Cioran'a ayrılan ikinci ve üçüncü bölümlerde söz konusu filozofların düşünceleri, sözü edilen kriz teması bağlamında kurgulanarak yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada Nietzsche'nin krizi aşmaya dönük felsefesinin, aslında Cioran'ın krizin aşılamaz bir kader olduğu yönündeki umutsuz felsefesiyle aynı yerde buluştuğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Nietzsche ve Cioran'ın felsefelerinin ana temasının, hakikat veya anlam istencine bağlı varoluşsal bir krizin ürünü olduğu iddia edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Varoluş, Kriz, Hayatın Anlamı, Nietzsche, CioranThe problem of the meaning of life constitutes the essence of philosophical and religious activity. On the other hand, the meaning of life, or the meaning of anything, is determined through its purpose and reference. When its purpose and reference are lost, it loses its meaning. If it is life which loses its meaning, individuals begin to experience deep existential concerns of crisis character. In this study, it has been argued that the philosophy of Nietzsche and Cioran is entirely a product of this kind of anxiety. This argument has been grounded in three sections.In the first section, it has been outlined how human concerns about meaning have been addressed by philosophy and religion for long periods. Within this framework, it has been suggested that, along with the belief in God and immortality, human existential concerns were somewhat appeased through an unquestionable ethics referred to by this belief until modern times. However, it has been expressed that roughly from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries onwards, the beliefs that soothed existential concerns began to shake, and human existential anxiety deepened into a universal crisis. In the second and third sections devoted to Nietzsche and Cioran, the thoughts of these philosophers have been interpreted in the context of the aforementioned theme of crisis. In the study, it has been attempted to show that Nietzsche's philosophy of overcoming the crisis converges with Cioran's hopeless philosophy, which asserts that the crisis is an insurmountable fate. In this regard, it has been argued that the main theme of Nietzsche and Cioran's philosophies is a product of an existential crisis based on the will to truth or meaning. Keywords: Existence, Crisis, Meaning of Life, Nietzsche, Ciora
Effects of intracerebroventricular MOTS-c infusion on thyroid hormones and uncoupling proteins
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the possible effects of intracerebroventricular MOTS-c infusion on thyroid hormones and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in rats. Forty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each group: control, sham, 10 and 100 mu M MOTS-c. Hypothalamus, blood, muscle, adipose tissues samples were collected for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), UCP1 and UCP3 levels were determined by the RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Serum thyroid hormone levels were determined by the ELISA assays. MOTS-c infusion was found to increase food consumption but it did not cause any changes in the body weight. MOTS-c decreased serum TSH, T3, and T4 hormone levels. On the other hand, it was also found that MOTS-c administration increased UCP1 and UCP3 levels in peripheral tissues. The findings obtained in the study show that central MOTS-c infusion is a directly effective agent in energy metabolism.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [116S744]; Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) [TYL-2019-2026]This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK; Project No: 116S744) and Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP; Project No: TYL-2019-2026)
Investigation of the Effects of Meteorin-Like Protein in a Model of Neuropathy Induced by Sciatic Nerve Injury
No full text[Abstract Not Available]Scientific Research Projects Unit of Inonu University [TSG-2020-2088]This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Inonu University with the project numbered TSG-2020-2088