Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Child delirium assessment scale: Validity and reliability study
No full textObjectives: This study aims to develop the child delirium assessment scale to determine the factor structure and to determine its validity and reliability. Methods: The sample of the methodological type study consists of 105 children who were admitted to the third-level pediatric intensive care unit of a public hospital in a province in eastern T & uuml;rkiye between February and May 2019 and met the inclusion criteria. Content and construct validity and reliability analyses of the items created using the Delphi technique were performed. Results: In the exploratory factor analysis of 28 items obtained with the Delphi technique, a one-dimensional structure consisting of 28 items explaining 49.99% of the total variance was obtained. In confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale structure had sufficient fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.96, and the test half value was 0.91. There was a strong correlation between them and the Cornell Pediatric Delirium Scale used as a parallel test (r=0.957, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study determined that the child delirium assessment scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for nurses in determining delirium in children hospitalized in the intensive care unit.Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study has received no financial support
The effect of core muscle thickness on sprint, change of direction running, vertical jump, and dynamic balance in soccer players
No full textSağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hareket ve Antrenman Ana Bilim Dalı, Hareket ve Antrenman Bilim DalıAmaç: Literatürde iskelet kas mimarisinin atletik performans becerileri üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen pek çok araştırma vardır. Ancak bu çalışmalarda genellikle alt ekstremiteye yönelik ölçümler yapılmış ve kasın mimari özellikleri ile seçilmiş atletik performans skorları arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Diğer taraftan vücudun merkez bölgesi olarak ifade edilen core bölgeye yönelik kas kalınlığı ölçümlerinin daha çok hasta popülasyonlarda sağlıkla ilişkili parametreler üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, futbolcularda gövde kas kalınlığının sprint, çeviklik, dikey sıçrama ve dinamik denge üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. Matertal ve Metod: Bu çalışmaya 11 erkek futbolcu (19.19±2.11 yıl) dahil edildi. Katılımcıların transversus abdominis, internal oblik, eksternal oblik, rectus abdominis ve lumbar multifidus kas kalınlıkları B-mod ultrasongrafi kullanılarak belirlendi ve sprint, çeviklik, dikey sıçrama ve dinamik denge skorları kaydedildi. Kas kalınlıkları ve atletik performans skorları arasındaki ilişikiler ve varyans düzeyleri korelasyon ve regresyon yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: 20 m doğrusal sprint ve çeviklik süreleri ile kas kalınlıkları arasında büyük ve çok büyük negatif yönde çok büyük doğrusal ilişki görüldü (r > 0.67, p 0.61, p 0.05). Dinamik denge testi dominant ve nondominant anterior erişim mesafesi ile tüm kaslar arasında büyük ve çok büyük pozitif yönde doğrusal ilişki görüldü (r > 0.61, p %60 ve dinamik denge anterior erişim mesafesini > %68 düzeyinde açıkladığı tespit edildi. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak gövde kas kalınlıklarının genç futbolcularda güç ve denge becerileri üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olduğu görüldü. Çalışmada pek çok parametrede derin abdominal kasların yüzeysel kaslardan daha açıklayıcı olduğu tespit edildi. Gelecek çalışmalarda sporcuların gövde kas kalınlıklarına yönelik uzun dönemli özel antrenman programları geliştirilerek, atletik performansa skorları üzerindeki etkileri incelenebilir.Aim: There are many studies in the literature investigating the influence of skeletal muscle architecture on athletic performance. However, these studies have typically measured the lower limb and examined the relationships between the architectural features of the muscle and selected athletic performance measures. On the other hand, the effects of measurements of muscle thickness in the core region, referred to as the central region of the body, on health-related parameters have been investigated in patient populations. In this context, the aim of the study is to investigate the influence of core muscle thickness on sprinting, agility, vertical jump and dynamic balance in soccer players. Materials and Methods: 11 male soccer players (19.19±2.11 years) were included in this study. The muscle thickness of the transversus abdominis, obliquus internus, obliquus externus, rectus abdominis, and lumbar multifidus of the participants was determined by B-mode ultrasound, and their performances in sprinting, agility, vertical jump, and dynamic balance were recorded. The relationships and variance levels between muscle thickness and athletic performance scores were analyzed using correlation and regression methods. Results: A large and very large negative linear relationship was observed between 20 m linear sprint and agility times and muscle thickness (r> 0.67, p 0.61, p 0.05). In the dynamic balance test, a large and very large positive linear relationship was observed between the dominant and non-dominant anterior reach and all muscles (r> 0.61, p 60% and dynamic balance anterior reach by> 68%. Conclusion: As a result, the thickness of trunk muscles was found to have a significant effect on the strength and balance abilities of young soccer players. The study found that the deep abdominal muscles were more significant than the superficial muscles for many parameters. Future studies can develop long-term specific training programs for the core muscle thickness of athletes and investigate the effects of changes in muscle thickness on athletic performance
Problems and solution suggestions for performing transpose of Turkish music with violin instrument
No full textAraştırmanın temel amacı, keman çalgısı ile Türk müziği transpoze icrasına yönelik problemler tespit edilerek bu problemlere yönelik çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, keman çalgısı ile Türk müziği transpoze icrasına yönelik problemler ve bu problemlere yönelik çözüm önerileri incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, karşılaşılan sorunların belirlenmesine ve çözüm önerilerine ilişkin bir durum tespiti yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, transpoze icrasında karşılaşılan problemleri tespit etmeye yönelik olduğundan çok yönlü bir değerlendirme yapılabilmesi için çalışmaya keman icracıları ve keman alanında uzman kişilerin görüşleri dâhil edilmesi gerektiği düşünülmüş ve bu nedenle keman alanında uzman kişilerin ve aktif keman icracıların görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Keman alanında uzman kişilerin ve keman icracılarının görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada, kemanda Türk müziği eserlerinin icrası sırasında farklı ses kararlarında, farklı anahtarların ve konumlandırmaların, icrada zenginlik sunarak, kemanda hâkimiyetin artması ve çalım zenginliğini ortaya çıkarması amaçlanmıştır. Transpoze icra gerçekleştirilirken farklı ses kararlarında icrayı kolaylaştırmak için kemandaki 1.2.3.4. pozisyonlardan ve farklı anahtarlardan yararlanılması esastır. Keman çalgısı perdesiz bir çalgı olduğundan eserleri transpoze ederken yerinde pozisyonlarla veya doğru anahtarla icrayı gerçekleştirmek çalışmanın temel hedefidir. Bu çalışma tonal müzik sesleri üzerinden yapılarak, kemanda hiçbir şekilde akort sistemiyle oynamadan tonal do dizisi tam seslerinde transpoze yaparak eserlerde icra kolaylığını sağlamayı, "La" karar üzerinden yazılan eserlerin notasyon yapısını bozmadan, transpoze edilecek karar seslerine makamın dizisi seslerinin olumlu aktarım yardımıyla pozisyonlar konumlandırılarak ve gerektiğinde farklı anahtarlar yardımıyla icracının kemana olan hâkimiyetini artırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalınacak olan eserlerin tonal müzikte karşılığı olan tonlara göre notaları yazılarak tonal müzikle ilişkilendirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Keman, pozisyon, Transpoze, Karar, İcra, NotasyonThe main purpose of the research is to identify problems related to violin playing and transposing Turkish music and to offer solutions to these problems. In this study, case studies, one of the qualitative research methods, were used. In the research, problems related to violin playing and Turkish music transposed performance and solutions to these problems are suggested. In this regard, a status information regarding the determination of details and solution suggestions has been added. This study was considered to include healthy violin players and experts in the field of violin for a multifaceted evaluation study aimed at detecting problems in transposed performance, and therefore the opinions of expert users in the field of violin and active violin players were consulted. Semi-interview techniques were used to determine the records of violin experts and violin players. In the research, it is aimed to increase the mastery of the violin and reveal the richness of playing by providing richness in the performance of different keys and positionings in different sound decisions during the performance of Turkish music works on the violin. 1.2.3.4 on the violin to facilitate the performance in different sound decisions while performing transposed performance. It is essential to make use of positions and different keys. Since the violin is a fretless instrument, the main goal of the study is to perform it in the right positions or in the correct key while transposing the pieces. This study is carried out on tonal music sounds, to ensure ease of performance in the works by transposing the tonal C series in full sounds on the violin without changing the tuning system in any way, without disrupting the notation structure of the works written in "La" decision, by positioning positions with the help of positive transfer of the sounds of the maqam scale to the decision sounds to be transposed and It aimed to increase the performer's command of the violin with the help of different keys when necessary. The notes of the works to be played were written according to the tones corresponding to them in tonal music, thus associating them with tonal music. Key Words: Violin, position, Transpose, Decision, Performance, Notatio
Investigation of the relationship between school psychological counselors' stress coping styles with emotional intelligence and self-compassion
No full textEğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Bilim DalıBu araştırmanın amacı, psikolojik danışmanların stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının cinsiyet, medeni durum, çocuk sahibi olma durumu, mezun olunan bölüm, öğrenim düzeyi, kurum türü, çalışılan kurumdaki psikolojik danışman sayısı, okul kademesi, mesleki kıdem, hizmet verilen öğrenci sayısı değişkenlerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ve okul psikolojik danışmanlarının stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının duygusal zekâ ve öz şefkat ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılında Türkiye'nin 7 farklı bölgesinde, okullarda çalışmakta olan 464 psikolojik danışman oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği, Duygusal Zekâ Özelliği Ölçeği-Kısa Formu, Öz Anlayış Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Psikolojik danışmanların stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının cinsiyet, medeni durum, çocuk sahibi olma, mezun olunan bölüm, öğrenim düzeyi, kurum türü, çalışılan kurumdaki psikolojik danışman sayısına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesinde bağımsız örneklemler t-testi; okul kademesi, mesleki kıdem, çalışılan kurumda hizmet verilen öğrenci sayısı değişkenleri için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Mevcut araştırmanın bulgularına göre, psikolojik danışmanların stresle başa çıkma tarzları cinsiyet, mezun olunan bölüm, öğrenim düzeyi, okul kademesi, hizmet verilen öğrenci sayısı değişkenleri açısından anlamlı bir farklılık göstermezken; medeni durum, çocuk sahibi olma, kurum türü, çalışılan kurumda bulunan psikolojik danışman sayısı, mesleki kıdem değişkenleri açısından ise anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Duygusal zekâ ve öz şefkat düzeylerinin ise stresle başa çıkma tarzlarını anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı görülmüştür. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular alanyazın ışığında tartışılarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.The purpose of this research is to examine whether the way in which psychological counselors' coping styles with stress according to the variables of gender, marital status, having children, graduated department, level of education, type of institution, number of psychological counselors, educational stage, professional seniority, the number of students served and to examine the relationship between the ways in which counselors' coping styles with stress and emotional intelligence and self-compassion. The sample of the research consists of 464 counselors in 7 different regions of Turkey in the 2023-2024 academic year. The research data were collected with the Coping Styles Scale, Emotional Intelligence Trait Scale-Short Form, Self-Compassion Scale and Personal Information Form. Independent samples t-test was used to determine whether counselor's coping styles with stress differed significantly according to gender, marital status, having children, graduated department, level of education, type of institution, and the number of counselors; ANOVA was performed for the variables of educational stage, professional seniority and the number of students served. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine relationship between the variables. According to the findings of the research, it was observed that while the counselors' coping styles with stress didn't differ significantly in terms of gender, graduated department, level of education, educational stage and number of students served; they differed significantly in terms of marital status, having children, type of institution, number of counselors and professional seniority variables. It was observed that emotional intelligence and self compassion levels significantly predicted coping styles with stress. The findings obtained from the research were discussed in the light of the literature and suggestions were made
Mutual effects of humic acid content and nitrogen sources for vegetative development and flowering of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.)
Get PDFSnapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), a garden plant cherished for its unique and colorful flowers, is widely used in bouquets and wreaths as a cut flower. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, AS; ammonium nitrate, AN; and urea) and humic acids from lignite sources (TKI-Humas and HUM-Zn) on the growth and flower production of snapdragon that are grown in pots under controlled conditions. It has been observed that plants started to flower during applications of HUM-Zn with AN and urea, whereas they remained at the vegetative stage during the application of HUM-Zn with AS. Furthermore, it has been determined that the two humic acid sources with AS usage prolonged the vegetative development and did not induce flowering of plants. Simultaneous application of humic acid and nitrogen sources has caused an increase in the leaf width, peduncle diameter, floret weight, chlorophyll content, and biomass of the snapdragon. Results show that the application of HUM-Zn with AN and urea has been effective on the plant’s vegetative organs, flowering, and dry weight. It indicated that HUM-Zn contains zinc, which is effective in flowering and biomass development. In conclusion, it was concluded that the simultaneous application of humic acid with AN or urea rapidly affected the flowering process of snapdragon.Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), a garden plant cherished for its unique and colorful flowers, is widely used in bouquets and wreaths as a cut flower. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate, AS; ammonium nitrate, AN; and urea) and humic acids from lignite sources (TKI-Humas and HUM-Zn) on the growth and flower production of snapdragon that are grown in pots under controlled conditions. It has been observed that plants started to flower during applications of HUM-Zn with AN and urea, whereas they remained at the vegetative stage during the application of HUM-Zn with AS. Furthermore, it has been determined that the two humic acid sources with AS usage prolonged the vegetative development and did not induce flowering of plants. Simultaneous application of humic acid and nitrogen sources has caused an increase in the leaf width, peduncle diameter, floret weight, chlorophyll content, and biomass of the snapdragon. Results show that the application of HUM-Zn with AN and urea has been effective on the plant’s vegetative organs, flowering, and dry weight. It indicated that HUM-Zn contains zinc, which is effective in flowering and biomass development. In conclusion, it was concluded that the simultaneous application of humic acid with AN or urea rapidly affected the flowering process of snapdragon
Effect of brassinosteroids on rooting of the ornamental deciduous shrubs
Get PDFBrassinosteroids are a developing group of growth regulators. They are a group of steroid hormones involved in plants’ physiological and developmental processes. Among other things, they are responsible for cell wall regeneration or cell elongation. This experiment aimed to examine the effect of rooting stimulants on rhizogenesis in cuttings of two deciduous shrub species: Philadelphus ’Virginal’ and Hydrangea paniculata ’Limelight’. Aqueous solutions of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 200 mg·L–1, Brassinolide (BL) at 0.05% and 24-epibrassinolide (24epiBL) (0.05%) were used in this study. The results obtained showed that both auxin and both of the brassinosteroids used increased the percentage of rooted cuttings almost twice, the degree of rooted cuttings and root length – for BL + IBA – longer roots than the control by 41% in jasmine and by 59% in hydrangea. The growth regulators applied during the rooting of cuttings also caused changes in the organic compound content of plant tissues and the activity of oxidative stress enzymes. The studies and results suggest that brassinosteroids may soon replace the popular rooting stimulants.Brassinosteroids are a developing group of growth regulators. They are a group of steroid hormones involved in plants’ physiological and developmental processes. Among other things, they are responsible for cell wall regeneration or cell elongation. This experiment aimed to examine the effect of rooting stimulants on rhizogenesis in cuttings of two deciduous shrub species: Philadelphus ’Virginal’ and Hydrangea paniculata ’Limelight’. Aqueous solutions of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 200 mg·L–1, Brassinolide (BL) at 0.05% and 24-epibrassinolide (24epiBL) (0.05%) were used in this study. The results obtained showed that both auxin and both of the brassinosteroids used increased the percentage of rooted cuttings almost twice, the degree of rooted cuttings and root length – for BL + IBA – longer roots than the control by 41% in jasmine and by 59% in hydrangea. The growth regulators applied during the rooting of cuttings also caused changes in the organic compound content of plant tissues and the activity of oxidative stress enzymes. The studies and results suggest that brassinosteroids may soon replace the popular rooting stimulants
Evaluation of the yield of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars and their economic efficiency on commodity plantations in Poland in the years 2020–2022
Get PDFThe selection of suitable highbush blueberry cultivars is a prerequisite for obtaining an optimal yield that determines the profitability of production and competitiveness on the market. The study assessed the production efficiency of highbush blueberry cultivars concerning the fruiting period, taking into account the size of the plantation, and evaluated the economic efficiency of the fruiting period. Production efficiency was assessed based on yields obtained according to data from 15 production plantations from all over Poland in 2020–2022. Economic efficiency was determined by analysing the production value, the amount of costs, and the Gross Margin. It was shown that yields of highbush blueberry cultivars differed depending on the ripening time. Generally, the highest yields were obtained in cultivating varieties with middle ripening time. The analyses show that the most prolific varieties in the three-year study, starting from the early to late ones, were Spartan and Duke, Bluecrop, Chandler, Aurora and Nelson. The cultivation of highbush blueberries was profitable in all the analysed plantation groups in the analysed years, although the level of economic production efficiency differed depending on the fruiting period of the cultivated varieties.The selection of suitable highbush blueberry cultivars is a prerequisite for obtaining an optimal yield that determines the profitability of production and competitiveness on the market. The study assessed the production efficiency of highbush blueberry cultivars concerning the fruiting period, taking into account the size of the plantation, and evaluated the economic efficiency of the fruiting period. Production efficiency was assessed based on yields obtained according to data from 15 production plantations from all over Poland in 2020–2022. Economic efficiency was determined by analysing the production value, the amount of costs, and the Gross Margin. It was shown that yields of highbush blueberry cultivars differed depending on the ripening time. Generally, the highest yields were obtained in cultivating varieties with middle ripening time. The analyses show that the most prolific varieties in the three-year study, starting from the early to late ones, were Spartan and Duke, Bluecrop, Chandler, Aurora and Nelson. The cultivation of highbush blueberries was profitable in all the analysed plantation groups in the analysed years, although the level of economic production efficiency differed depending on the fruiting period of the cultivated varieties
Effect of drying temperature on the bioactive compounds content of rose hips (Rosa canina L.)
Get PDFDog rose (Rosa canina L.) is a beautiful ornamental plant that provides fruit with high biological value. To be available throughout the year, rose hips need to be conserved, such as dried and canned. For this reason, a study was undertaken to investigate the effects of drying as the most common method for preservation. Therefore, the influence of variation drying temperature (20, 35 and 68 °C) on the content of flavonoids, total polyphenols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and antioxidant activity - determined using the free radical source DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and a test measuring the measuring of compounds to reduce ferric ions Fe3+ (FRAP) - of rose hips was the main topic in this study. Drying decreased total polyphenols (from 38.06 mg g–1 by fresh fruits to 9.41 mg g–1 drying to 20 °C), ascorbic acid (from 2000.5 mg 100 g–1 by fresh fruits to 1308.2 mg 100 g–1 drying to 68 °C) and flavonoids, the latter only in those dried at 35 °C (0.54 mg g–1), but did not affect the antioxidant activity of DPPH (84.21–85.73%) and FRAP (2.99–3.41 mgTr g–1). The study also showed that the extraction time influenced the antioxidant activity level of fruit infusions for the first time. The antioxidant potential FRAP value increased systematically with extraction time, but the DPPH values of extracts obtained from dried rose hips were not affected by the extraction time. These results indicate that changes in the antioxidant activity of extracts may not be linear and that the choice of the time of evaluation of this activity may determine the results.Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is a beautiful ornamental plant that provides fruit with high biological value. To be available throughout the year, rose hips need to be conserved, such as dried and canned. For this reason, a study was undertaken to investigate the effects of drying as the most common method for preservation. Therefore, the influence of variation drying temperature (20, 35 and 68 °C) on the content of flavonoids, total polyphenols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and antioxidant activity - determined using the free radical source DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and a test measuring the measuring of compounds to reduce ferric ions Fe3+ (FRAP) - of rose hips was the main topic in this study. Drying decreased total polyphenols (from 38.06 mg g–1 by fresh fruits to 9.41 mg g–1 drying to 20 °C), ascorbic acid (from 2000.5 mg 100 g–1 by fresh fruits to 1308.2 mg 100 g–1 drying to 68 °C) and flavonoids, the latter only in those dried at 35 °C (0.54 mg g–1), but did not affect the antioxidant activity of DPPH (84.21–85.73%) and FRAP (2.99–3.41 mgTr g–1). The study also showed that the extraction time influenced the antioxidant activity level of fruit infusions for the first time. The antioxidant potential FRAP value increased systematically with extraction time, but the DPPH values of extracts obtained from dried rose hips were not affected by the extraction time. These results indicate that changes in the antioxidant activity of extracts may not be linear and that the choice of the time of evaluation of this activity may determine the results
Determining appropriate methods for estimating pollen viability and germination rates in lisianthus
Get PDFCrossbreeding is a multi-stage process with inherent challenges and risks in developing new varieties. Success hinges on selecting highly fertile parents. In species like lisianthus, uncertainty persists regarding the optimal methods for assessing pollen quality, which is crucial for evaluating pollen parent fertility. This study seeks to identify the most reliable techniques for this purpose. Fresh and dead pollen from four lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) varieties was used. The dead pollen was obtained by thermal inactivation. Five chemical staining methods (iodine-potassium iodide, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride – TTC, lactophenol cotton blue, safranin, acetocarmine) were employed to assess pollen viability, and two biological methods (Petri dishes, hanging drops) were used to determine the germination rate. Four solid medium cultures were employed in Petri dishes, while the hanging drop utilised four liquid medium cultures. Thirteen tests were conducted for each variety, evaluating fresh and dead pollen. The study found significant variations in pollen quality among lisianthus varieties and methods. Fresh pollen showed viability rates ranging from 56.87% to 99.41% and germination rates from 0.20% to 45.11%. TTC exhibited the lowest viability rate across all varieties, while the highest germination rate was observed in the liquid culture medium with only boric acid and PEG1500. Notably, TTC was the sole viability method that did not stain dead pollen, and no germination occurred in any method for dead pollen. TTC is the most reliable staining method, and a liquid culture medium with boric acid and PEG1500 effectively determines lisianthus pollen quality. Varying boric acid and PEG1500 concentrations are advisable.Crossbreeding is a multi-stage process with inherent challenges and risks in developing new varieties. Success hinges on selecting highly fertile parents. In species like lisianthus, uncertainty persists regarding the optimal methods for assessing pollen quality, which is crucial for evaluating pollen parent fertility. This study seeks to identify the most reliable techniques for this purpose. Fresh and dead pollen from four lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) varieties was used. The dead pollen was obtained by thermal inactivation. Five chemical staining methods (iodine-potassium iodide, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride – TTC, lactophenol cotton blue, safranin, acetocarmine) were employed to assess pollen viability, and two biological methods (Petri dishes, hanging drops) were used to determine the germination rate. Four solid medium cultures were employed in Petri dishes, while the hanging drop utilised four liquid medium cultures. Thirteen tests were conducted for each variety, evaluating fresh and dead pollen. The study found significant variations in pollen quality among lisianthus varieties and methods. Fresh pollen showed viability rates ranging from 56.87% to 99.41% and germination rates from 0.20% to 45.11%. TTC exhibited the lowest viability rate across all varieties, while the highest germination rate was observed in the liquid culture medium with only boric acid and PEG1500. Notably, TTC was the sole viability method that did not stain dead pollen, and no germination occurred in any method for dead pollen. TTC is the most reliable staining method, and a liquid culture medium with boric acid and PEG1500 effectively determines lisianthus pollen quality. Varying boric acid and PEG1500 concentrations are advisable
Genetic similarity of four strawberry cultivars in respect to Verticillium wilt susceptibility under in vitro selection
Get PDFVerticillium wilt caused by pathogenic soil fungus – Vertcillium dahliae Kleb. is one of the most serious strawberry diseases not treated chemically. The strawberry is a species more or less susceptible to Verticillium sp., hence the need to select new genetically resistant cultivars. In this study, susceptibility of four strawberry cultivars to Verticillium wilt was examined under in vitro selection conditions as regards the genetic similarity of selected resistant plants. Microplants of 4 strawberry subclones obtained by in vitro cloning of each cultivar were inoculated in vitro with liquid mycelial homogenate of the pathogen. Development of disease symptoms was observed after 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days post inoculation. Results revealed differences of susceptibility to V. dahliae which depended on the subclone. The least susceptible to Verticillium wilt turned out to be ‘Plena’ subclone, followed by the ‘Elsanta’, ‘Feltar’ and ‘Teresa’ subclones. The highest genetic similarity of 59% was found between ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Teresa’ subclones, which after 75 days from inoculation were also characterized by a very similar percentage of resistant plants.Verticillium wilt caused by pathogenic soil fungus – Vertcillium dahliae Kleb. is one of the most serious strawberry diseases not treated chemically. The strawberry is a species more or less susceptible to Verticillium sp., hence the need to select new genetically resistant cultivars. In this study, susceptibility of four strawberry cultivars to Verticillium wilt was examined under in vitro selection conditions as regards the genetic similarity of selected resistant plants. Microplants of 4 strawberry subclones obtained by in vitro cloning of each cultivar were inoculated in vitro with liquid mycelial homogenate of the pathogen. Development of disease symptoms was observed after 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days post inoculation. Results revealed differences of susceptibility to V. dahliae which depended on the subclone. The least susceptible to Verticillium wilt turned out to be ‘Plena’ subclone, followed by the ‘Elsanta’, ‘Feltar’ and ‘Teresa’ subclones. The highest genetic similarity of 59% was found between ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Teresa’ subclones, which after 75 days from inoculation were also characterized by a very similar percentage of resistant plants