Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Nanocząstki tlenku cynku – przykłady oddziaływań na wzrost i rozwój roślin
Get PDFNanomaterials containing zinc oxide are increasingly used in various industries, and in agriculture. Literature data confirm that zinc oxide nanoparticles can have a beneficial effect on germination, plant growth, photosynthesis and selected metabolic processes in various plant species. The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles can help to improve the yield of plants, but it is necessary to adjust the dose of this nanofertilizer to the stage of development and the plant species. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) releases zinc ions, thus contributing to better nutrition of plants with this ingredient and may reduce soil pollution caused by excessive use of fertilizers. The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles may also be associated with toxicological risks for plants. Toxicity caused by ZnONPs may be manifested by reduced germination capacity, inhibition of growth, impaired cell division, abnormal gene expression, and symptoms of oxidative stress. The nanotoxicity of zinc oxide depends on the size of the nanoparticles, the dose and the plant species.Nanomateriały zawierające tlenek cynku znajdują coraz szersze zastosowanie w różnych gałęziach przemysłu oraz w rolnictwie. Dane literaturowe potwierdzają, że nanocząstki tlenku cynku mogą korzystnie wpływać na kiełkowanie, wzrost roślin, przebieg fotosyntezy i wybrane procesy metaboliczne u różnych gatunków roślin. Użycie nanocząstek tlenku cynku może przyczynić się do poprawy plonowania roślin, jednak konieczne jest dopasowanie dawki tego nanonawozu do fazy rozwoju i gatunku rośliny. Nanocząstki tlenku cynku (ang. zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZnONPs) uwalniają jony cynku, w ten sposób przyczyniają się do lepszego odżywienia roślin w ten składnik i mogą wpływać na zmniejszenie zanieczyszczenia gleby spowodowanego nadmiernym stosowaniem nawozów. Zastosowanie nanocząstek tlenku cynku może też wiązać się z ryzykiem toksykologicznym dla roślin. Toksyczność wywołana przez ZnONPs może przejawiać się zmniejszeniem zdolności kiełkowania, hamowaniem wzrostu, zaburzeniami podziału komórek, nieprawidłową ekspresją genów, objawami stresu oksydacyjnego. Nanotoksyczność tlenku cynku zależy zarówno od wielkości nanocząstek, dawki, jak i gatunku rośliny
Weed infestation and its biodiversity under the influence of different herbicide variants application in maize cultivation
No full textCThe main objective of Integrated Pest Management is to minimize the negative impact of pesticide use on the environment. For this purpose, technologies are developed that involve reducing doses of herbicides whose efficacy can be enhanced by adding adjuvants. This field study aimed to determine the weed control efficacy of herbicide applied at reduced doses in relation to full dose at different growth stages of maize. In the experiment, pre-emergence herbicide was applied at stage BBCH 00, while a post-emergence herbicide was at the 3, 6, or 8 leaves of maize. The herbicides were applied at doses reduced to 60% or 80% with adjuvants or at a full dose. The study has shown that pre-emergence or early post-emergence (in BBCH 13) application of the herbicide had the most beneficial effect on reducing the number and biomass of weeds in maize. The use of the doses reduced by 20% with the addition of adjuvant gave the same weed-killing effect as a 100% dose.CThe main objective of Integrated Pest Management is to minimize the negative impact of pesticide use on the environment. For this purpose, technologies are developed that involve reducing doses of herbicides whose efficacy can be enhanced by adding adjuvants. This field study aimed to determine the weed control efficacy of herbicide applied at reduced doses in relation to full dose at different growth stages of maize. In the experiment, pre-emergence herbicide was applied at stage BBCH 00, while a post-emergence herbicide was at the 3, 6, or 8 leaves of maize. The herbicides were applied at doses reduced to 60% or 80% with adjuvants or at a full dose. The study has shown that pre-emergence or early post-emergence (in BBCH 13) application of the herbicide had the most beneficial effect on reducing the number and biomass of weeds in maize. The use of the doses reduced by 20% with the addition of adjuvant gave the same weed-killing effect as a 100% dose
The role of biostimulants in modern fruit tree and shrub cultivation
Get PDFDynamic changes in the fruit tree and shrub cultivation sector caused, among other things, by a high increase in production costs, the European Green Deal and increasingly high requirements with regard to the quality parameters of the obtained yield and their safety for consumers force producers to continuously introduce new changes in cultivation technology in order to meet all requirements. Choosing the optimum cultivation technology is also crucial to the economic success of farmers, allowing them to continue to operate and grow. One of the fastest growing branches of crop support today is biostimulation. Although biostimulants are not essential for crop production, their use can be fundamental under certain conditions. The aim of this paper was to provide comprehensive information on research in the field of biostimulation of fruit trees and shrubs and to consider the potential use of such preparations in the perspective of maximising the use of fertilisers, plant protection products and improving the quality, structure and microbial life of soils and substrates. At the same time, obtaining the highest possible yield with the highest possible crop quality, fully safe for consumer consumption.Dynamic changes in the fruit tree and shrub cultivation sector caused, among other things, by a high increase in production costs, the European Green Deal and increasingly high requirements with regard to the quality parameters of the obtained yield and their safety for consumers force producers to continuously introduce new changes in cultivation technology in order to meet all requirements. Choosing the optimum cultivation technology is also crucial to the economic success of farmers, allowing them to continue to operate and grow. One of the fastest growing branches of crop support today is biostimulation. Although biostimulants are not essential for crop production, their use can be fundamental under certain conditions. The aim of this paper was to provide comprehensive information on research in the field of biostimulation of fruit trees and shrubs and to consider the potential use of such preparations in the perspective of maximising the use of fertilisers, plant protection products and improving the quality, structure and microbial life of soils and substrates. At the same time, obtaining the highest possible yield with the highest possible crop quality, fully safe for consumer consumption
Termin siewu czynnikiem determinującym budowę przestrzenną i plonowanie łanu buraka cukrowego
Get PDFIn 2015–2016, research on sugar beet was carried out in the experimental field in Miedniewice belonging to the Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The variability of plant and canopy traits of sugar beet during the growing season was assessed, as well as their impact on the final root mass of individual plants and the yield of this species depending on the sowing date. The number of plants, their living area, and the rate of plant development in the juvenile period most strongly determined the yield of sugar beet. The delaying of the sowing date by two weeks resulted in a decrease in root yield by 10.2 t‧ha–1 (16.9%), a decrease of plant density by 8.9 thous.‧ha–1 (9.2%) and the average final root mass by 14.0 g (2.1%) as well as a decrease of the sucrose content by 0.4 percentage points and an increase in the content of α-amino nitrogen and an increase of sodium and potassium ions content respectively by 1,1; 0.4 and 1.0 mmol‧kg–1 of pulp, i.e. by 14.0%; 9.5% and 2.4%.W latach 2015–2016 na polu doświadczalnym w Miedniewicach należącym do Stacji Doświadczalnej Instytutu Rolnictwa SGGW w Warszawie przeprowadzono badania z burakiem cukrowym. W okresie wegetacji oceniono zmienność cech roślin i łanu buraka cukrowego oraz określono ich wpływ na kształtowanie się końcowej masy korzenia pojedynczych roślin oraz plonowanie tego gatunku w zależności od terminu siewu. Obsada roślin, ich powierzchnia życiowa, szybkość rozwoju roślin w okresie juwenilnym najsilniej determinowały plonowanie buraka cukrowego. Opóźnienie terminu siewu o dwa tygodnie spowodowało spadek plonu korzeni o 10,2 t·ha–1 (16,9%), obsady roślin o 8,9 tys. szt.‧ha–1 (9,2%) i średniej końcowej masy korzenia o 14,0 g (2,1%) oraz zawartości sacharozy o 0,4 p.p. i wzrost zawartości azotu α-aminowego oraz jonów sodu i potasu odpowiednio o 1,1 mmol‧kg–1; 0,4 mmol‧kg–1 i 1,0 mmol‧kg–1 miazgi, tj. o 14,5%; 9,5% i 2,4%
Ocena opłacalności produkcji pszenicy ozimej i jęczmienia jarego w zróżnicowanych uwarunkowaniach rynkowych
Get PDFThe paper examines the profitability of winter wheat and spring barley production under various market conditions. This is a case study of an agricultural holding in Lublin voivodeship that specialises in cereal growing, among other activities. Our study spanned from 2021 to 2023. It showed that Polish cereal producers were negatively impacted in their final year due to the influx of cereal grains from Ukraine. Without subsidies, the farmer would have incurred a loss of –1828,2 PLNꞏha–1 from growing winter wheat and –666,2 PLNꞏha–1 from spring barley in 2023. A comparison of profitability between winter wheat and spring barley production illustrated an explicit advantage of the former cereal during the first two years under review. In the final year, barley was more profitable due to reduced production costs. On the basis of the research carried out and the analysis of the market situation in recent years, a recommendation was made to farmers. In the process of making production decisions, it is necessary to use information on market trends in the price formation of agricultural products and inputs.Celem opracowania była ocena opłacalności produkcji pszenicy ozimej i jęczmienia jarego w różnych warunkach rynkowych. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metodę studium przypadku. Podmiotem badań było gospodarstwo rolne położone w województwie lubelskim, zajmujące się m.in. uprawą zbóż. Badania dotyczyły lat 2021–2023. Wykazały one, że ostatni rok badań był bardzo niekorzystny dla właściciela badanego gospodarstwa rolnego, głównie z uwagi na sytuację na rynkach światowych oraz napływ zbóż do Polski z Ukrainy. Gdyby rolnik nie otrzymał dopłat, w 2023 r. miałby stratę w produkcji pszenicy ozimej (–1828,2 złꞏha–1) oraz jęczmienia jarego (–666,2 złꞏha–1). Porównanie dochodowości produkcji pszenicy ozimej i jęczmienia jarego wykazało wyraźną przewagę pierwszego ze zbóż w dwóch pierwszych latach badań. Natomiast w ostatnim roku to jęczmień był bardziej opłacalny ze względu na minimalizację kosztów produkcji. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań oraz analizy sytuacji rynkowej w ostatnich latach sformułowano zalecenie skierowane do producentów rolnych dotyczące posiłkowania się w podejmowaniu decyzji produkcyjnych informacjami dotyczącymi trendów rynkowych w zakresie kształtowania się cen produktów rolnych i środków produkcji
Uyarana İpucu Ekleme ve İpucunu Silikleştirmeyle Öğretim Yönteminin Otizmli Öğrencinin Sözcük Okuma Öğrenimine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
No full textOtizm tanılı öğrenciler bilişsel sorunlardan dolayı okuma öğreniminde güçlük yaşayabilmektedir. Birçoğunun harfleri tanıyarak heceleri okuyabildiği; ancak heceleri birleştiremedikleri için sözcük düzeyinde okumayı öğrenemedikleri görülmüştür. Bu duruma çözüm olarak otizmli öğrenciler etkili yöntemler ve bireyselleştirilmiş uygulamalara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu nedenle bu araştırmanın amacı, uyarana ipucu ekleme ve ipucunu silikleştirmeyle öğretim yönteminin otizmli bir öğrencinin sözcük okuma öğrenimi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu kapsamda araştırma sürecinde 3 farklı kategoriden 5’er tane sözcük olmak üzere toplamda 25 sözcük üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Araştırma tek denekli araştırma modellerinden davranışlar arası çoklu başlama modeli ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın katılımcısı okuma bilmeyen 10 yaşında otizmli bir kız öğrencidir. Araştırmada araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan demografik bilgi formu ile kontrol listeleri veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkeni sözcük okuma becerisi; bağımsız değişkeni ise uyarana ipucu ekleme ve ipucunu silikleştirmeyle öğretim yöntemidir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler çizgi grafiklerine aktarılarak yorumlanmıştır. Bulgular incelendiğinde yöntemin otizmli öğrencinin sözcük okuma öğrenimi üzerinde olumlu yönde etkisi olduğu ve öğretimden sonra da etkinin devam ettiği görülmüştür. Buradan yola çıkarak yöntemin otizmli öğrencinin sözcük okuma öğreniminde olumlu etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İleriki araştırmalar için, daha fazla sayıda otizmli öğrenci ile daha fazla sayıda sözcüğün kullanıldığı çalışmalar yapılması, ek olarak farklı yetersizlik türleri ile de çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir
Mproviot multi purpose programmable AI supported IoT rover robot
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Bilgisayar Bilimleri Bilim DalıÇok amaçlı robotlar, maliyeti optimize ederek sağladıkları çeşitli görev yetenekleri ile yalnızca bir amaca hizmet eden robotlara kıyasla daha büyük bir verimlilik sunarlar. Bu özellikleri sayesinde farklı sektörlerde ve çeşitli koşullarda ekonomik bir şekilde kullanılabilirler, aynı zamanda değişen ihtiyaçlara hızlı ve esnek bir şekilde uyum sağlarlar. Bu çalışmada robot, 6x6 çift eksenli salıncak süspansiyonu ve 4 tekerlekli direksiyon sistemi ile zorlu arazi koşullarına uygun bir gezici yapıya sahip, çoklu görev yetenekleri için tasarlanmıştır. Robotumuzda 6 DOF robot kolu bulunmakta olup kol üzerinde bir tutucu yer alır. Google Blockly ile programlanabilen robot, hem RC hem de IoT teknolojileri ile iki farklı yöntemle kontrol edilebilmektedir. Robotun görüntü ve sensör verileri, kontrol bilgisayarındaki Flask sunucu üzerinden izlenebilmekte ve bu veriler hem FPV hem de IoT ile entegre edilmektedir. Kol ve kafa kısmında yer alan kameralar geniş bir gözlem ve müdahale kapasitesi sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, robotumuz yapay zekâ tabanlı nesne tespiti teknolojisi ile donatılmış olup, otonom olarak çevresini algılayabilmekte, nesneleri tanıyıp tepki verebilmektedir. Modüler tasarımı sayesinde farklı görevler için kolayca uyarlanabilir ve eğitim amaçlı kullanımı desteklemektedir. Bu araştırmanın bulguları, çok amaçlı rover robotlarının farklı alanlarda geniş bir kullanım potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ve eğitimde etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu tür robotlar, teknolojik gelişmelerin öğretiminde ve pratik uygulamalarda önemli katkılar sağlayabilir.Multi-purpose robots offer greater efficiency compared to single-purpose robots by providing various task capabilities while optimizing costs. Due to these features, they can be used economically in different sectors and under various conditions, adapting quickly and flexibly to changing needs. In this study, the robot is designed for multi-task capabilities, featuring a rover structure suitable for difficult terrain conditions, with 6x6 dual-axis swing suspension and a 4-wheel steering system. Our robot includes a 6-DOF robotic arm equipped with a gripper. The robot can be programmed with Google Blockly and controlled using two different methods: RC and IoT technologies. The robot's video and sensor data can be monitored through a Flask Server on the control computer, and this data is integrated with both FPV and IoT. Cameras on the arm and head provide extensive observation and intervention capabilities. Additionally, our robot is equipped with AI-based object detection technology, allowing it to autonomously perceive its environment, recognize objects, and respond accordingly. Its modular design makes it easily adaptable for different tasks and supports educational use. The findings of this research indicate that multi-purpose rover robots have broad application potential in various fields and can be effectively used as educational tools. Such robots can significantly contribute to the teaching of technological advancements and practical applications
Investigation of sports participation motivation in people with disabilities: a cross-sectional study of individuals with physical and hearing impairments
No full textWhile reading the literature, it is seen that there are not enough studies on the motivation of disabled individuals to participate in sports. This study aims to examine the sports participation motivations of hearing impaired and physically disabled athletes. This study was a cross-sectional study. The research group of the study consists of physically and hearing-impaired individuals between the ages of 18-47. The participants of this research group consisted of 253 volunteer disabled individuals, 150 of whom were men and 103 of whom were women. Sports participation motivation scale was used for disabled individuals. The scale consists of 3 dimensions and is a 5-point Likert type. The results of the study showed that hearing-impaired people have a higher high school rate and physically person with disability have a higher bachelor's degree rate, but the primary education rate did not change between hearing and physically person with disability. Physical activity participation differed between hearing and physically person with disability, and it was observed that hearing-impaired people participated in more physical activities. The level of well-being of the physically disabled was significantly better than the hearing impaired. As conclusion, it is observed that the people with the lowest motivation to participate in sports are primary school graduates and those with high welfare have a high motivation to participate in sports.Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia [PNURSP2024R117]; Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers' Supporting ProjectThis work was supported by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers' Supporting Project number (PNURSP2024R117) Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
The trends and hotspots of research on non-pharmacological interventions for labor pain management: a bibliometric analysis
No full textIntroductionThis study aimed to examine important points of focus, trends, and depth of research on non-pharmacological interventions for the management of labor pain worldwide from a macro perspective and present an extensive definition of research fields regarding non-pharmacological interventions.MethodsBibliometric methods were used in this study. With comprehensive keyword lists, the Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched using different screening strategies for publications made until 25 February 2023.ResultsStudies on non-pharmacological interventions in the management of labor pain have continued to develop since 2003 with great momentum. In this study, the most productive country in research on non-pharmacological interventions was found to be Iran, while Australia, the USA, China, and the United Kingdom were the most notable ones in terms of collaboration. The most prevalently studied non-pharmacological interventions were hydrotherapy and acupuncture. The results of the co-word analysis revealed 5 main themes about this field of research.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that interest in studies on non-pharmacological interventions in the management of labor pain has increased, the quality of research in the field is high, international collaboration is increasingly higher, and technological approaches have started to emerge in relevant studies
The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on social relations as threat perception: Malatya example
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Sosyoloji Bilim DalıBu çalışmanın amacı bireyleri ve toplumları derinden etkileyen Covid-19 pandemisinin tehdit olarak sosyal ilişkileri nasıl etkilediği, bireylerde ve toplumsal kurumlarda yaşanan değişimleri ve kurumların hangi önlemleri aldığını ortaya koymaktır. Karma yöntemin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada 378 kişiye anket uygulanmış ve 20 kişi ile de derinlemesine görüşme yapılmıştır. Pandemi süreci, bireylerin ve toplumsal kurumların işleyişinde çeşitli etkilere neden olmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda hastalık sürecinin bireyler arasında farklılık gösterdiğini ve katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun kendilerini pandemi süresince risk altında hissettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Pandemi, toplumsal yaşamın neredeyse her alanında iz bırakmıştır. Toplumsal düzeyde en yaygın hissedilen duygular bunalım ve korku iken bu korkuların şekillenmesinde hastalığın kendilerine ve sevdiklerine bulaşma riski etkili olmuştur. Kadınların tehdit algısı erkeklerden daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Ayrıca dini inançlar ve sevilenlerin varlığı, bireylerin tehdit algısını hafifleten önemli unsurlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplumsal kurumlar açısından bakıldığında, pandemi sürecinde bireyler arası iletişim büyük ölçüde dijital platformlara kaymış ve fiziksel temas gerektiren davranışlardan kaçınılmıştır. Geleneksel sosyal etkinlikler neredeyse hiç yapılmamış ancak yakın kişilere yönelik taziye ziyaretleri kısmen de olsa sürdürülmüştür. Pandemi süresince toplumsal yapı içerisinde en çok etkilenen eğitim ve sağlık kurumları olmuştur. Ekonomik açıdan, özellikle küçük esnaf ve perakende sektörü büyük sıkıntılar yaşamıştır. Aile içi ilişkilerde olumlu değişimler gözlemlenirken, akraba ve komşuluk ilişkilerinde azalma görülmüştür. Çalışan anneler pandemide çocuk bakımı konusunda daha fazla zorluk yaşarken, yaşlı bireyler sosyal desteğe daha fazla ihtiyaç duymuştur. Böylece pandemi, toplumsal yapı ve kurumların dayanıklılığını sınamış, alandaki eksiklikleri ve gereklilikleri ortaya çıkarmıştır.The aim of this study is to reveal how the COVID-19 pandemic, which deeply affects individuals and societies, influences social relationships as a threat, the changes experienced in social institutions, and the measures these institutions have taken. This study, which useda mixed-method approach, surveywas applied to378 people and were conducted in-depth interviews with 20 individuals. The pandemic process has caused various effects on the functioning of individuals and social institutions. The research results indicate that the disease process differs among individuals and that the vast majority of participants felt at risk during the pandemic. The pandemic has left its mark on almost every area of social life. While the emotions widely felt were distress and fear, these fears were shaped by the risk of the disease spreading to themselves and their loved ones. Women had a higher perception of threat compared to men. Additionally, religious beliefs and the presence of loved ones were identified as significant factors that mitigated individuals' perception of threat. From the perspective of social institutions, during the pandemic, interpersonal communication largely shifted to digital platforms, and behaviors requiring physical contact were avoided. Traditional social activities were almost entirely halted, but visits to close relatives continued partially. During the pandemic, the most affected social structures were educational and health institutions. Economically, small tradespeople and the retail sector experienced significant difficulties. While positive changes were observed in domestic relationships, there was a decrease in relations with relatives and neighbors. Working mothers faced more challenges in childcare during the pandemic, while elderly individuals felt a greater need for social support. Thus, the pandemic tested the resilience of the social structure and institutions, revealing deficiencies and necessities in the field