Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Rolnictwo węglowe w łagodzeniu zmian klimatu. Praca przeglądowa
Get PDFThe increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere contributes to global warming and, therefore, climate change. Achieving and maintaining net zero emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on a global scale has become the basis for shaping policies, programs and actions aimed at climate neutrality, which is conditional on achieving net zero emissions by 2050. It is imperative to take actions that will enable the absorption and reduction of CO2 emissions and will result in an improvement in the state of the environment and contribute to climate stabilization. The source of information for the study were legal acts, reports and documents of international institutions and literature on the subject. In the paper, the role of agriculture in the European Union's climate and energy policy is presented. It also shows how carbon farming can make an important contribution to mitigating climate change. The definition, practices and possibilities of reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the use of carbon farming activities are indicated.
Wzrost stężenia gazów cieplarnianych w atmosferze przyczynia się do globalnego ocieplenia, a tym samym zmian klimatu. Osiągnięcie i utrzymanie w skali globalnej zerowych emisji netto antropogenicznych gazów cieplarnianych stało się podwaliną do kształtowania polityk, programów oraz działań zmierzających do neutralności klimatycznej, która warunkowana jest osiągnięciem zero emisyjności netto do 2050 r. Imperatywem jest podejmowanie działań, które umożliwią pochłanianie i ograniczenie emisji CO2 oraz będą skutkować poprawą stanu środowiska i przyczyniać się do stabilizacji klimatu. Źródło informacji opracowania stanowiły akty prawne, raporty i dokumenty instytucji międzynarodowych oraz literatura przedmiotu. Przedstawiono rolę rolnictwa w polityce klimatyczno-energetycznej Unii Europejskiej. Istotne znaczenie w łagodzeniu zmian klimatu może odegrać rolnictwo węglowe. Wskazano definicję, praktyki oraz możliwości redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych poprzez stosowanie działań rolnictwa węglowego
Impact of sowing date and nitrogen fertilization on two cultivars of Tritordeum yield potential – a Polish pilot study
Get PDFAgricultural production diversity is becoming a key to solve challenges of modern agriculture - including those related to climate change. The main cereals cultivated in Europe are wheat, rye and barley. One of the new cereals introduced recently into producte is Tritordeum - a hybrid of durum wheat and a wild form of barley. It is adapted for cultivation conditions of warm and dry climate of Mediterranean. However, recent shifts in climate make it an interesting alternative also for temperate climates.It is also a response to increasing consumer demands for food of good nutritional value. A pilot study (pot experiment) on Tritordeum yield potential un-der 3 increasing nitrogen fertilization rates (N1, N2 and N3) have been established in 2020 in eastern Poland. Tritordeum v. Bulel and Tritordeum v. Aucan performance have been compared with Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum performance for two sowing dates – autumn and spring. The results demonstrated that the yield level of Tritordeum v. Bulel was comparable to durum wheat yields. Yields of Triticum aestivum were higher (only by 8% for autumn sowing and approximately 43% for spring sowing). Moreover, Tritordeum v. Bulel had lower yield level than Tritordeum v. Aucan (by approximately 1-8%). All tested species showed good performance un-der medium (N2) or even low (N1) nitrogen fertilization rate. The other traits tested (number of ears, productive tillering, thousand grains weight) placed Tritordeum (in particular Tritordeum v. Bulel) closer to Triticum durum than to Triticum aestivum. Triticum aestivum had higher results in terms of particularly tillering rate and number of spikes per pot than other 3 tested species. Tritordeum has shown that it can be a promising species for cultivation under Polish conditions as its yielding potential can reach yielding potential of Triticum durum. Further field studies on performance of this crop are needed.Różnorodność produkcji roślinnej staje się kluczem do rozwiązania wyzwań współczesnego rolnictwa – w tym związanych ze zmianą klimatu. Głównymi zbożami uprawianymi w Europie są pszenica, żyto i jęczmień. Jednym z nowych zbóż wprowadzonych ostatnio do produkcji jest Tritordeum – mieszaniec pszenicy durum i dzikiej formy jęczmienia. Jest on przystosowany do warunków upray w warunkach ciepłego i suchego klimatu śródziemnomorskiego. Jednak ostatnie zmiany klimatu sprawiają, że jest to interesująca alternatywa również dla klimatu umiarkowanego. Jest to również odpowiedź na rosnące zapotrzebowanie konsumentów na żywność o dobrej wartośc odżywczej. W 2020 roku przeprowadzono doświadczenie pilotażowe (eksperyment w wazonach), dotyczące potencjału plonowania Tritordeum przy trzech rosnących dawkach nawożenia azotem (N1, N2, N3) we wschodniej Polsce.Wydajność Tritordeum odm. Bulel i Tritordeum odm. Aucan porównano z wydajnością Triticum durum i Triticum aestivum dla dwóch terminów siewu – jesiennego i wiosennego. Wyniki wykazały, że poziom plonowania Tritordeum odm. Bulel był porównywalny z plonami pszenicy durum. Plony pszenicy zwyczajnej były wyższe (tylko o 8% w przypadku siewu jesiennego i około 43% w przypadku siewu wiosennego). Ponadto Tritordeum odm. Bulel charakteryzowała się niższym poziomem plonowania niż Tritordeum odm. Aucan (o około 1-8%). Wszystkie badane gatunki wykazały dobrą wydajność przy średnim (N2) nawożeniu azotem. Inne badane cechy (liczba kłosów, rozkrzewienie produkcyjne, masa tysiąca ziaren) umieściły Tritordeum (w szczególności odm. Bulel) bliżej Triticum durum niż Triticum aestivum. Triticum aestivum wykazało się większym rozkrzewieniem produkcyjnym oraz większą ilością kłosów z wazonu niż pozostałe 3 gatunki. Wykazano, że Tritordeum może być obiecującym gatunkiem do uprawy w warunkach naszego kraju, ponieważ jedo potencjał plonowania może osiągnąć potencjał plonowania Triticum durum. Potrzebne są dalsze badania polowe nad produkcyjnością tej rośliny
Predicting soil compaction from soil electrical conductivity based on scanning methods. A review
Get PDFSoil compaction is a crucial agricultural issue impacting plant growth, water infiltration, and soil health. Because of its sensitivity to soil variables such as texture, moisture content, and salinity, soil electrical conductivity (ECa) has emerged as a promising indirect predictor of soil compaction. This review summarizes selected studies on the relationship between soil compaction and apparent electrical conductivity and examines various prediction approaches. It also considers the potential applications and limitations of using ECa to estimate soil compaction, including methods based on machine learning. Future advancements in technology, modeling, and data integration will be key to fully realizing the potential of ECa in soil compaction management.Soil compaction is a crucial agricultural issue impacting plant growth, water infiltration, and soil health. Because of its sensitivity to soil variables such as texture, moisture content, and salinity, soil electrical conductivity (ECa) has emerged as a promising indirect predictor of soil compaction. This review summarizes selected studies on the relationship between soil compaction and apparent electrical conductivity and examines various prediction approaches. It also considers the potential applications and limitations of using ECa to estimate soil compaction, including methods based on machine learning. Future advancements in technology, modeling, and data integration will be key to fully realizing the potential of ECa in soil compaction management
Odporność odmian ziemniaka na niszczyka ziemniaczaka (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne) w warun-kach polowych
Get PDFThe field experiment was conducted in The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Bydgoszcz Division. in three seasons in 2021/2022, 2022/2023 and 2023/2024. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate in the field the impact of potato pest of 9 edible and 7 starch potato cultivars to infection by the potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne). Seed potatoes were infected with nematodes and grown conventionally in field conditions. The control consisted of seed potatoes not infected with nematodes. After harvesting, the following assessments were carried out: quantitative assessment of the yield and two external infections of the daughter tubers by the potato rot nematode (in autumn and spring). Tubers of all tested cultivars were infected and had worse quantitative parameters compared to the control. After winter storage of tubers, the extent of infection increased for all tested cultivars. Edible cultivars were more susceptible to nematode infection than starch cultivars. Among the edible cultivars, the least susceptible to the potato rot was the Lavender cultivar, and among the starch cultivars – Pokusa. The most infected cultivars were Otolia (edible) and Zuzanna (starch).Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin – Państwowym Instytucie Badawczym, w Oddziale w Bydgoszczy w trzech sezonach 2021/2022, 2022/2023 i 2023/2024. Celem eksperymentu była polowa ocena odporności dziewięciu jadalnych i siedmiu skrobiowych odmian ziemniaka na porażenie przez niszczyka ziemniaczaka (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne). Sadzeniaki ziemniaka zakażano sztucznie nicieniami i uprawiano w warunkach polowych w sposób konwencjonalny. Kontrolę stanowiły sadzeniaki ziemniaka nie zakażane nicieniami. Po zbiorze plonu wykonano ocenę ilościową plonu oraz dwukrotnie porażenia bulw potomnych przez nicienia (jesienią i wiosną). Bulwy wszystkich badanych odmian uległy porażeniu i charakteryzowały się gorszymi parametrami ilościowymi w porównaniu z kontrolą. Po zimowym przechowywaniu zakres porażenia wzrósł dla wszystkich badanych genotypów ziemniaka. Średnio większe nasilenie objawów obserwowano u odmian jadalnych niż skrobiowych. Spośród odmian jadalnych ziemniaka najmniej podatna na niszczyka ziemniaczaka okazała się odmiana Lawenda, spośród skrobiowych – Pokusa. Najbardziej porażone były bulwy jadalnej odmiany Otolia i skrobiowej odmiany Zuzanna
Analysis of the effect of growth biostimulants on the effectiveness of treatments to stimulate branching of apple trees: The effect of growth biostimulants on the branching of apple trees
No full textModern methods of cultivating trees in a nursery plants require nursery stock of very good quality, free from viruses, with an extensive root system, strong growth and, most importantly, with the correct structure of the tree crown, i.e. the number of lateral shoots. High-quality planting material, properly branched, determines the productive efficiency of the trees in a nursery in subsequent years of cultivation and its profitability. The research was conducted in 2017–2019 at a private nursery farm near Lublin. The purpose of the research was to analyze the effect of mixtures of biostimulants with growth regulators of natural origin on the effectiveness of chemical treatment to stimulate the emergence of lateral shoots in apple trees of the Gloster. The study showed that the height of maiden apple trees of the Gloster. significantly depended on the concentration of growth regulators. The best results were achieved using a mixture of AGRIMIX PRO (35 ml) and Maxifruit, producing trees 6% taller than the control. The number of side shoots, the average length of one shoot and the sum of the lengths of side shoots significantly depended on the number of growth regulator applications. Double application of AGRIMIX PRO resulted in an increase in the number of side shoots by 37.5% compared to single application, while in the case of a mixture of growth regulators with a biostimulant this effect was less pronounced and amounted to 17.0%.The biostimulation treatment with Maxifruit does not guarantee improved tree growth and quality, but its use in combination with the growth regulator AGRIMIX PRO improves the effectiveness of treatments that stimulate apple branching.Modern methods of cultivating trees in a nursery plants require nursery stock of very good quality, free from viruses, with an extensive root system, strong growth and, most importantly, with the correct structure of the tree crown, i.e. the number of lateral shoots. High-quality planting material, properly branched, determines the productive efficiency of the trees in a nursery in subsequent years of cultivation and its profitability. The research was conducted in 2017-2019 at a private nursery farm near Lublin. The purpose of the research was to analyze the effect of mixtures of biostimulants with growth regulators of natural origin on the effectiveness of chemical treatment to stimulate the emergence of lateral shoots in apple trees of the 'Gloster' cv. The study showed that the height of maiden apple trees of the 'Gloster' cv. significantly depended on the concentration of growth regulators. The number of side shoots, the average length of one shoot and the sum of the lengths of side shoots significantly depended on the number of growth regulator applications.. The mere use of a biostimulation application in the form of the Agrimix preparation does not ensure the growth and quality of trees, but its use with a mixture of Maxifruit preparations confirmed the effectiveness of the solutions for these branching trees
Wyzwania branży pieczarkarskiej w Polsce oraz jej rozwój przez badania i innowacje
Get PDFThis article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the mushroom sector in Poland, which remains the global leader in mushroom exports. The authors diagnose major threats to the industry, including workforce shortages, rising energy costs, peat availability, lack of recognition of spent mushroom compost (SMC) as fertilizer, and insufficient institutional support. The article highlights the need for consolidation and modern R&D infrastructure, while identifying opportunities such as EU funding for innovations and the revival of national industry conferences. The paper has a review and strategic focus.Artykuł przedstawia kompleksową analizę obecnego stanu sektora pieczarkarskiego w Polsce, od lat będącej światowym liderem pod względem eksportu. Autorzy diagnozują główne zagrożenia dla dalszego rozwoju branży, w tym niedobór pracowników, rosnące koszty energii, ograniczoną dostępność torfu, nieuznawanie zużytego podłoża za nawóz oraz niewystarczające wsparcie instytucjonalne. W tekście podkreślono potrzebę konsolidacji środowiska pieczarkarskiego oraz budowy nowoczesnej infrastruktury badawczo-rozwojowej. Zidentyfikowano również szanse dla sektora, w tym możliwość pozyskania środków UE na innowacje oraz powrót do ogólnokrajowych konferencji branżowych. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy i strategiczny
The impact of the European beaver on the environment of selected water reservoirs in the Ciechanów Forest District – a case study
Get PDFThe European beaver (Castor fiber) has long been considered an ecosystem engineer, exerting a profound influence on the habitats it occupies. Its activities significantly shape water conditions, terrain, and biodiversity. Research conducted in the Ciechanów Forest District aimed to assess the impact of beavers on the local environment. Observations took place from August 2024 to March 2025 and involved documenting beaver activities such as browsing trees, creating burrows, and building lodges. It was found that the tree species most frequently selected by beavers in the study area was gray alder (Alnus incana). Beavers most frequently browsed trees with a diameter of 1–20 cm and a hardness of 2.1 on the Brinell scale. Their most intense impact occurred at the end of the growing season, from August to November. The most preferred species were young trees with soft wood, which may indicate that less effort and energy are required to cut them down, or that they are more palatable, juicy, and tender than older plants
Seasonal and phenological dynamics of essential oil constituents in cultivated Satureja montana L.
Get PDFResearch on the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil was conducted in south-eastern Poland. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oil from Satureja montana L. depending on the plant’s developmental stage. Seedlings of winter savory were planted in the field at a spacing of 30 × 30 cm. The herb was collected on the following dates: June (vegetative stage of the plant), mid-July (onset of flowering), mid-August (full flowering), and September (senescence). The highest essential oil content was found in plants at full flowering (1.88–2.20%) and at the beginning of flowering (1.63–2.20%). The oil from S. montana contained high levels of phenolic compounds, mainly carvacrol and thymol. The highest levels of carvacrol were found at the beginning of flowering (60.97–72.03%) and at full flowering (62.36–73.54%). The highest thymol content was found in 2018 – 19.47% – in the herb collected from plants that had finished flowering and 14.90% – in the herb from plants collected during the vegetative phase
The comparison of antioxidant capacity and HPTLC polyphenolic profile of green fruits and leaves of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars grown in Poland
Get PDFWalnut (Juglans regia L.) has a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, however both unripe fruits and leaves have not been widely evaluated for varietal variation so far. Due to, leaves and immature fruits of seven walnut cultivars (Lake, Mars, Franquette, U02, SK04/10, Broadview, and Resovia) grown in Poland were compared for the first time in terms of antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP), total phenolic content and qualitative polyphenol profile (HPTLC). The highest phenolic content was found for the Franquette (p < 0.05), both for leaves and nuts. In general, lower variability was observed for leaves, in the case of green nuts the results were more diversified by cultivar. The rapid and cost-saving HPTLC method was used to compare the polyphenolic profiles of the extracts. Cultivar-dependent differences in phenolic acids (mainly syringic) and flavonoids (mainly derivatives of quercetin) presence were found. Despite of observed differences between cultivars, it was found that both part of walnut are abundant in polyphenols. However it has been confirmed that the selection of a phytochemically appropriate cultivar may be important in providing a particularly valuable raw material for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, thus the further quantitative studies are required
Design optimization of additively produced porous plate for femur fracture
No full textEklemeli İmalat teknolojisi, geometrik olarak karmaşık ve ultra hafif kafes yapıların üretimini mümkün kılmıştır. Bu yapılar yüksek gözeneklilik özelliği sayesinde kemik kırıklarının tedavisinde kullanılan implantların üretiminde tercih edilerek kemik ile implant arasında meydana gelen stres kalkanının minimize edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Böylelikle kemik dokunun daha sağlıklı bir şekilde büyümesi desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada femur kırığı tedavisinde kullanılan bir plağın kafes yapılı tasarımının stres kalkanı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak iki katmanlı olarak sunulan plağın alt katmanı kafes yapısının yumuşak dokuya zarar vermesini önlemek amacıyla katı formda oluşturulmuştur. Üst katman ise BCC, Elmas, OT, BCC-Elmas, BCC-OT ve Elmas-OT gibi farklı kafes yapılarıyla oluşturulmuş ve bu plaklar üzerinde basma testleri ile sonlu eleman analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca plakların yüzey kalitesi ve boyutsal doğruluğu üzerine detaylı incelemeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar kafes yapılı plakların katı plaklara kıyasla daha düşük gerilme seviyelerine sahip olduğunu ve daha az deformasyona uğradığını göstermiştir. Kafes yapılı plaklar arasında yapılan karşılaştırmalarda ise OT kafes yapılı plak, diğer tasarımlara oranla yaklaşık % 15-35 daha az stres kalkanına sahip olmuştur. Ayrıca test ve analizler sonucunda, kafes yapılarındaki dikme kalınlığının artmasının gerilme değerlerini önemli ölçüde iyileştirdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Öte yandan kafes yapılarda gözeneklilik oranı ve dikme kalınlığının artmasının boyutsal doğruluğu olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Additive Manufacturing technology has enabled the production of geometrically complex and ultra-light lattice structures. Due to their high porosity, these structures are preferred in the production of implants used in the treatment of bone fractures, as they help minimize the stress shielding between the bone and the implant. This, in turn, supports healthier bone tissue growth. This study investigates the effect of a lattice-structured design of a plate used in femur fracture treatment on stress shielding. Unlike previous studies, the plate was designed as a two-layer structure, with the lower layer formed in solid form to prevent the lattice structure from damaging the surrounding soft tissue. The upper layer, on the other hand, was created using various lattice configurations such as BCC, Diamond, OT, BCC-Diamond, BCC-OT, and Diamond-OT, and compression tests along with finite element analyses were conducted on these plates. Compression tests and finite element analyses were performed on these plates. In addition, detailed investigations were conducted on the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the plates. The results showed that lattice structured plates exhibited lower stress levels and underwent less deformation compared to solid plates. Among the various lattice designs, the OT lattice plate showed approximately 15-35% less stress shielding compared to the other configurations. Furthermore, test and analysis results indicated that increasing the strut thickness within the lattice structure significantly improved stress performance. It was also concluded that increases in porosity ratio and strut thickness positively affected the dimensional accuracy of the lattice structures