Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Biology and epidemiology of Valdensinia heterodoxa Peyronel in Poland
Full text linkIn Poland, the first description of the causal agent of the valdensia leaf blight fungus Valdensinia heterodoxa was on highbush blueberry in 2011. Our study identified this pathogen in highbush blueberry plantations and on bilberry plants to describe its biology, molecular characteristics, and disease epidemiology. The 115 fungus isolates yielded were divided into 2 groups based on the colony morphology differences on PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. For the isolates from each group, morphology and growth dynamics were studied on PDA and WOA (weak oatmeal agar) with added highbush blueberry/bilberry/lily of the valley leaf decoction under different light and temperature conditions. The isolates’ colony morphology differences were noted depending on the medium type. The best isolate growth was at 20 °C/19 °C-day, 12 °C-night, with a 12-hour photoperiod. Isolate identification using PCR showed nearly 100% nucleotide sequence similarity to reference isolates. On infected leaves, the release height of conidia was 18 cm. The presented results are novel in Poland and have a broader-than-domestic significance
The impact of European Union agricultural supports on rural development: The case of Konya province
No full textTüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de tarımsal faaliyetler kırsal alanlardaki ekonomik faaliyetlerin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Kırsal alanların kalkınması açısından tarımsal faaliyetlerin desteklenmesi kritik bir öneme sahiptir. AB tarafından aday ve potansiyel aday ülkelerin gelişimlerine katkı sağlamak ve üyeliğe hazırlanabilmelerine yardımcı olmak amacıyla çeşitli alanlarda mali yardımlar yapılmaktadır. Bu mali yardımlar arasında tarımsal destekler de bulunmaktadır. AB tarımsal desteklerinden daha etkin ve verimli bir şekilde yararlanabilmek için mevcut desteklerin ve etkilerinin incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan çalışmanın temel amacı, AB tarımsal desteklerinin kırsal kalkınmaya olan çok yönlü etkisini Konya ili örneğinde incelemektir. AB tarımsal desteklerinin kırsal kalkınmaya azami düzeyde katkı sağlayabilmesi için ilgili kesimlere önerilerde bulunulması açısından çalışma önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada IPARD (2007-2013) Programı kapsamında TKDK tarafından kullandırılan hibe desteklerine ilişkin sayısal veriler derlenmiş ve kırsal kalkınma açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Konya ili düzeyinde uzmanlara, danışmanlara ve faydalanıcılara uygulanan anketler aracılığıyla toplanan veriler yorumlanmış ve desteklerin kırsal kalkınmaya katkıları ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca faydalanıcılara uygulanan anketler aracılığıyla toplanan verilerden uygun olanlarla SPSS programı kullanılarak İkili Lojistik Regresyon Analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve işletmelerin hedeflerine ulaşmalarında etkili olan değişkenler belirlenmiştir. Hibe destekleri sayesinde kırsal alanlarda ekonomik faaliyetlerin çeşitlendiği, yeni gelir kaynaklarının yaratıldığı, istihdamın arttığı, işletmelerin üretim kapasitelerinin, üretim miktarlarının, verimliliklerinin ve kârlılıklarının arttığı, kırsalda yaşayan insanların refah düzeylerinin ve yaşam kalitelerinin iyileştiği görülmüştür. Desteklerin kırsal kalkınma üzerinde iktisadi, sosyal, kültürel, çevresel ve teknolojik anlamda olumlu etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz sonucunda işletmelerin hedeflerine ulaşma durumu (bağımlı değişken) ile eğitim veya kurs programına katılma durumu, finansman kaynakları ve girdileri üretme durumu (bağımsız değişkenler) arasında anlamlı ilişkinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.As in the rest of the world, agricultural activities constitute the basis of economic activities in rural areas in our country. Supporting agricultural activities is of critical importance for the development of rural areas. The European Union (EU) provides financial assistance in various fields to contribute to the development of candidate and potential candidate countries and to help them prepare for membership. Agricultural support is also included among these financial assistance. EU agricultural supports more effectively and efficiently, it is essential to examine the existing supports and their impacts. The main purpose of the study conducted in this direction is to examine the multifaceted effects of EU agricultural support on rural development in the Konya province example. The study is significant in offering recommendations to relevant stakeholders for maximizing the contribution of EU agricultural supports to rural development. In the study, quantitative data regarding the grant supports used by TKDK within the scope of the IPARD (2007-2013) Program were compiled and evaluated in terms of rural development. In addition, the data collected through surveys applied to experts, consultants and beneficiaries at the level of Konya province were interpreted and the contributions of the supports to rural development were revealed. In addition, Binary Logistic Regression Analysis was performed using the SPSS program with the appropriate data collected through surveys applied to beneficiaries and the variables that were effective in reaching the goals of the enterprises were determined. It was observed that thanks to the grant supports, economic activities in rural areas were diversified, new income sources were created, employment increased, production capacities, production quantities, productivity and profitability of the enterprises increased, and the welfare levels and quality of life of the people living in rural areas improved. The supports were found to have positive economic, social, cultural, environmental, and technological impacts on rural development. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the status of reaching the goals of the enterprises (dependent variable) and the status of participating in the education or course program, financing sources and input production status (independent variables)
Investigation of neuroprotective effects of dapagliflozin in experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rats
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmada, SGLT2 inhibitörü olan dapagliflozin'in (Dapa), serebral iskemi ile oluşturulan inme modelinde sıçanlardaki potansiyel nöroprotektif etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Materyal ve metot: 40 adet erkek Sprague Dawley sıçanı dört gruba ayrıldı (n=10): Sham, Sİ/R, Sİ/R + Dapa 1 mg/kg ve Sİ/R + Dapa 10 mg/kg. Sham grubuna çözücü, Dapa gruplarına ise 1 mg/kg ve 10 mg/kg dapa oral gavaj yoluyla 1 hafta verildi. Deney öncesinde tüm hayvanlara rotarod, yapışkan çıkarma ve güç testi gibi üç günlük davranış testlerinin ön eğitimi yapıldı. Sonrasında, 60 dakika fokal serebral iskemi operasyonu gerçekleştirildi ve 24 saatlik reperfüzyon sürecinin ardından nörolojik defisit skorlama (NDS) ve davranış testleri yapıldı. Çalışma sonrası infarkt alanı TTC boyama yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra Western blot, ELISA ve oksidatif stres analizleri uygulanarak biyokimyasal değerlendirmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Dapa uygulaması, Sİ/R grubuna kıyasla NDS skorunu ve yapışkan çıkarma süresini azaltırken, güç kavrama ve rotarodta kalma süresini anlamlı şekilde artırmıştır (p <0.05). Ayrıca, infarkt alanını Sİ/R grubuna kıyasla belirgin şekilde azalttığı gözlemlenmiştir (p<0.05). Moleküler düzeyde BDNF, TrkB, p-AKT, p-PI3K ve BCL-2 protein seviyelerini artırırken, BAX ve Kaspaz-3 protein seviyelerini düşürmüştür (p<0.05). Ayrıca inflamatuvar medyatörlerden IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-? ve NLRP3 seviyelerinde anlamlı bir azalma sağlarken (p<0.05); oksidan-antioksidan parametrelerden SOD, CAT ve GSH-Px enzim seviyelerini artırmış, MDA seviyesini ise azaltmıştır (p<0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Dapa'nın serebral iskemiye karşı nöroprotektif etkiler sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuçlar, Dapa'nın serebral iskemi tedavisinde potansiyel bir terapötik ajan olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dapagliflozin, İnflamasyon, Nöroprotektif, Nörolojik defisit, Oksidatif stres, Serebral İskemiObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of dapagliflozin (Dapa), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-induced stroke. Materials and method: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=10): Sham, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), I/R + Dapa 1 mg/kg, and I/R + Dapa 10 mg/kg. The Sham group received a vehicle, while Dapa groups were administered 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg dapa orally for one week. Pre-training on behavioral tests (rotarod, adhesive removal, and grip strength) was performed before the experiment. A 60-minute focal cerebral ischemia was induced, followed by a 24-hour reperfusion period. Neurological deficit scoring (NDS) and behavioral tests were conducted. Infarct area was assessed using TTC staining. Western blot, ELISA, and oxidative stress analyses were also performed. Results: Dapa treatment significantly reduced NDS scores and adhesive removal time, while increasing grip strength and rotarod performance compared to the I/R group (p<0.05). Infarct area was also significantly reduced in Dapa-treated groups (p<0.05). At the molecular level, Dapa increased BDNF, TrkB, p-AKT, p-PI3K, and BCL-2, while decreasing BAX and Caspase-3 (p<0.05). Additionally, inflammatory mediators (IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?, NLRP3) were significantly reduced, and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) were increased, while MDA levels decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dapa demonstrated neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for stroke treatment. Keywords: Cerebral Ischemia, Dapagliflozin, Inflammation, Neuroprotective, Neurological deficit, Oxidative stres
Neuroprotective effect of berberine based on the Alzheimer’s disease model
Full text linkBerberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a substance used in traditional East Asian folk medicine. It is naturally found in many plant species, especially those of the Berberis genus. It has multifaceted anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The ageing population is currently affected by the growing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s disease. Berberine provides multidirectional protective and therapeutic effects against pathological neuronal changes. Its application reduces the synthesis of amyloid-β and tau protein plaques. In addition, it exhibits an effect typically associated with drugs currently used to treat this disease – cholinesterase inhibition. It has been shown that the use of berberine reduces inflammation in nervous tissue, inhibits apoptosis mechanisms and promotes neuronal repair processes. However, further preclinical studies are required to assess its efficacy and toxicity
Monitoring hałasu w jednym z lubelskich parków
Full text linkParks are perceived as oases of peace and places of rest in cities. However, their location, with the dynamic development of communication, can modify the acoustic climate of these places. Therefore, research was conducted to monitor the noise level in one of the Lublin parks. The research was conducted four times in two measurement periods. The analysis of the sound level in the studied park showed significant differences between periods, which indicates the dynamics of the acoustic climate of the studied facility.Parki postrzegane są jako oazy spokoju i miejsca odpoczynku w miastach. Jednak ich lokalizacja, przy dynamicznym rozwoju komunikacji, może negatywnie modyfikować klimat akustyczny tych miejsc. Dlatego przeprowadzono badania monitorujące poziom hałasu w jednym z lubelskich parków. Badania prowadzono czterokrotnie, w dwóch okresach pomiarowych. Analiza poziomu dźwięku w badanym parku wykazała istotne różnice poziomu hałasu w poszczególnych okresach roku, co wskazuje na dynamikę klimatu akustycznego badanego obiektu
Effectiveness of UAN fertilisation with potassium thiosulphate in pepper and tomato cultivation
Full text linkThe European Commission proposed the European Green Deal, aiming to reduce plant nutrient losses by at least 50% while preventing soil fertility deterioration and reducing fertiliser use by at least 20% by 2030. Of particular importance for environmental reasons is the reduction of nitrogen fertilisation rates. UAN is a highly concentrated nitrogen fertiliser in an aqueous solution of nitrate and urea ammonium nitrate. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fertilisation in pepper and tomato cultivation using UAN mixtures with potassi um thiosulphate in proportions selected based on a model pot experiment. The field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at the Felin Experimental Farm of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The test plants were sweet peppers of the Balta F1 cultivar (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomatoes of the Mirsini cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The experiment included the following variable factors: nitrogen dose (2 levels: N1 – optimum nitrogen rate and N2 – nitrogen rate reduced by 25% from the optimum dose) and fertiliser composition (2 levels: pure UAN – N : K0 : S0, UAN with potassium thiosulphate – N : K1: S1). Taking into account the pepper yield and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur in the fruit, the most favourable fertilisation combination was the combination of an optimal nitrogen dose (170 kg N ha‒1) with potassium thiosulphate. The reduction of the nitrogen dose and the treatment of fertilisation with a dose of 128 kg N ha‒1 with potassium thiosulphate favoured an increase in the vitamin C content of the pepper fruit. The effect of nitrogen dose on tomato fruit yield was modified by the year of the study. Thus, in tomatoes, it is possible to reduce the nitrogen dose depending on weather conditions. At the same time, the addition of potassium thiosulphate is recommended, which has a beneficial effect on the fruit’s potassium, phosphorus and sulphur and vitamin C content. There was no significant effect of varying nitrogen and potassium fertilisation on the dry matter content of pepper and tomato fruit, while the effect on calcium, magnesium and extract content was inconclusive
Wpływ długości przechowywania i preparatu Chrysal Professional 3 na pozbiorczą trwałość oraz cechy morfologiczne wybranych odmian piwonii (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)
Full text linkIn recent years, peonies have gained great popularity among florists. They can serve as a valuable element of decorative arrangements, including wedding compositions. The high demand for cut flowers of the species Paeonia lactiflora encourages research on the possibilities of storing peony buds in cold storage and their postharvest opening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storing buds of P. lactiflora cultivars Barbara, Ewelina, Jadwiga, Prof. Wóycicki, Ursyn Niemcewicz, and Ursynów at a temperature of +1°C for periods of 2, 4, and 8 weeks, as well as the use of Chrysal Professional 3 solution, on their vase life and morphological traits, such as inflorescence diameter and petal length and width, as well as overall flower quality. The experiment demonstrated that the storage period of peonies largely depends on the cultivar. It was shown that cultivars Barbara, Ursyn Niemcewicz, and Ursynów are suitable for storage of up to 8 weeks. The longest storage life – 8 weeks was maintained by stems of the Barbara cultivar placed immediately after cutting in distilled water, while buds of Ursyn Niemcewicz and Ursynów opened successfully when placed in Chrysal Professional 3 solution. For cultivars P. lactiflora Barbara and Prof. Wóycicki in order to obtain high-quality cut flowers, the stems should be placed immediately after harvest in a solution of Chrysal Professional 3.Piwonie w ostatnich latach cieszą się dużym zainteresowaniem florystów. Mogą być cennym elementem dekoracji okolicznościowych, w tym aranżacji ślubnych. Wysoki popyt na cięte kwiaty gatunku Paeonia lactiflora skłania do zbadania możliwości przechowywania pąków piwonii w chłodni i ich pozbiorczego otwierania. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena wpływu przechowywania pąków P. lactiflora Barbara, Ewelina, Jadwiga, Prof. Wóycicki, Ursyn Niemcewicz i Ursynów w chłodni, w temp. +1°C przez okres 2, 4 i 8 tygodni oraz zastosowania preparatu Chrysal Professional 3 na ich trwałość, a także cechy morfologiczne kwiatów, tj. średnica kwiatostanów oraz długość i szerokość płatków. W przeprowadzonym doświadczeniu wykazano, że długość kresu przechowywania piwonii uzależniona jest w dużej mierze od odmiany. Wykazano, że do 8-tygodniowego przechowywania nadają się odmiany: Barbara, Ursyn Niemcewicz oraz Ursynów. Najdłuższą – 8-tygodniową trwałość – zachowują pędy odmiany Barbara wstawione bezpośrednio po ścięciu do wody destylowanej, a pąki piwonii Ursyn Niemcewicz i Ursynów otwierane w preparacie Chrysal Professional 3. W przypadku P. lactiflora Barbara i Prof. Wóycicki, aby uzyskać dobrej jakości kwiaty cięte, należy bezpośrednio po zbiorze umieścić je w roztworze preparatu Chrysal Professional 3
Walory dekoracyjne oraz zawartość makroskładników w liściach kilku odmian różaneczników (Rhododendron sp.)
Full text linkThe experiment was conducted in 2014 in a garden in Spiczyn (51°19'N, 22°44'E), located in Łęczna County. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ornamental value of five rhododendron cultivars: Alfred, Cunningham’s White, Lumina, Nova Zembla, and Pearce’s American Beauty, and to determine the macronutrient content of the leaves.
During the study, height and width of shrubs, length of annual shoot and leaf size were measured. The presence of flower buds on the shrubs, inflorescences and flowers was confirmed. The number of flowers per inflorescence was counted. The blooming was also observed. The following macronutrients in the leaves nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium were determined.
Statistical analyses of the research revealed significant differences between the rhododendron cultivars in the means of growth and generative development, flowering, and nutrients concentration in the leaves. The cv. Nova Zembla characterized with the largest bush size and the highest number of flower buds. The largest inflorescences and flowers had cv. Pearce’s American Beauty. The cv. Alfred had the longest flowering period, lasting from May 10th to June 5th. The rhododendron cultivars differed significantly in the content of all the macronutrients analyzed in leaves, except for phosphorus. Rhododendron leaves contained the highest levels of nitrogen.Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w 2014 r. na terenie ogrodu w miejscowości Spiczyn (51°19'N, 22°44'E) położonego w powiecie łęczyńskim. Celem pracy była ocena walorów dekoracyjnych pięciu odmian różaneczników: Alfred, Cunningham’s White, Lumina, Nova Zembla i Pearce’s American Beauty oraz określenie zawartości makroskładników w liściach. Podczas badań przeprowadzono pomiary wysokości i szerokości roślin, długości przyrostów pędów jednorocznych oraz wielkości liści. Podczas kwitnienia dokonano pomiarów liczby pąków kwiatostanowych na krzewie, liczby kwiatów w kwiatostanie oraz średnicy kwiatostanów i kwiatów, a także obserwowano przebieg kwitnienia. W liściach oznaczono makroskładniki: azot, fosfor, potas, magnez i wapń. Przeprowadzone analizy statystyczne wyników badań wykazały istotne różnice pomiędzy odmianami różaneczników w ocenie badanych cech wzrostu i generatywnego rozwoju, przebiegu kwitnienia oraz w koncentracji składników pokarmowych w liściach. Największą wielkością krzewów i liczbą paków kwiatowych charakteryzowała się odmiana Nova Zembla. Największymi kwiatostanami i kwiatami wyróżniła się odmiana Pearce’s American Beauty. Najdłuższym, 26-dniowym okresem kwitnienia trwającym od 10 maja do 5 czerwca wyróżniła się odmiana Alfred. Odmiany różaneczników różniły się istotnie zawartością w liściach wszystkich oznaczanych makroelementów za wyjątkiem fosforu. Liście różaneczników zawierały najwięcej azotu
Changes in segetal flora in a selected habitat of southern Poland from 1993 to 2022. Part 1. Species richness and biodiversity
Full text linkThe research aimed to assess changes in segetal flora richness and biodiversity in cereal crops in a selected habitat (Małopolska voivodship; southern Poland) from 1993 to 2022. The research material consisted of 65 phytosociological relevés representing selected years of the analyzed multiannual period. The total species richness and the average number of segetal species on individual fields slightly decreased. In the first year of the study (1993), the total number of species was 56, and the average number of species in the phytosociological relevé was 23. However, in the last year (2022), the total number of species was 55, while their average number was around 20. The proportion of monocotyledonous weeds in the total weed infestation constantly increased, from 10% in 1993 to 23% in 2022. The studied flora was dominated by short-lived species (especially therophytes) throughout the entire multiannual period. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index remained at a relatively similar level for many years – in 1993 it was 0.8, and in 2022 – it was 0.9, which generally indicates a constant diversity of the studied flora of fields. The Simpson dominance index showed a decreasing trend; in the first year of the study it was 0.4, and in the last year – less than 0.3.The research aimed to assess changes in segetal flora richness and biodiversity in cereal crops in a selected habitat (Małopolska voivodship; southern Poland) from 1993 to 2022. The research material consisted of 65 phytosociological relevés representing selected years of the analyzed multiannual period. The total species richness and the average number of segetal species on individual fields slightly decreased. In the first year of the study (1993), the total number of species was 56, and the average number of species in the phytosociological relevé was 23. However, in the last year (2022), the total number of species was 55, while their average number was around 20. The proportion of monocotyledonous weeds in the total weed infestation constantly increased, from 10% in 1993 to 23% in 2022. The studied flora was dominated by short-lived species (especially therophytes) throughout the entire multiannual period. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index remained at a relatively similar level for many years – in 1993 it was 0.8, and in 2022 – it was 0.9, which generally indicates a constant diversity of the studied flora of fields. The Simpson dominance index showed a decreasing trend; in the first year of the study it was 0.4, and in the last year – less than 0.3
Effect of selected plant extracts on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant growth stimulation and flag leaf infection by fungal pathogens
Full text linkThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of plant extracts from hemp inflorescences (H) as well as a mixture of extracts from hemp inflorescences, sage leaves and tansy leaves (M) on the stimulation of plant growth and the infection index of the flag leaf of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by fungal pathogens in a two-year field experiment. The analysis of selected biometric parameters in both growing seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024) showed a beneficial effect of both types of extracts, regardless of the type and concentration of the extract, on the length of ears, fresh weight of the aerial part of plants and the mass of one thousand wheat grains. The study also analyzed the intensity of the occurrence of wheat flag leaf diseases (septoria leaf blotch, tan spot of wheat, and brown leaf rust of cereals), in two growing seasons. In the case of septoria leaf blotch, the lowest infection index (IP) of the flag leaf was recorded after spraying the plants with a mixture of extracts (M) in the 2022/2023 season (4.91%) and after spraying the plants with hemp extract (H) in the 2023/2024 growing season (2.13%). Similarly, in the case of tan spot of wheat, in both growing seasons, the infection of the flag leaf with the pathogen was most effectively limited by hemp extract (H) in the 2022/2023 season: 24.43%; in the 2023/2024 season: 6.23%. In turn, the infection with brown leaf rust of cereals was strongly correlated with weather conditions, and the lowest index of infection with this pathogen was recorded only after the application of chemical protection (F: 2022/2023: 0.33% and 2023/2024: 6.38%). The presented results constitute the basis for the production of a biological preparation that will contribute to the biostimulation of plants and optimize the protection of wheat against fungal diseases.The aim of the study was to assess the effect of plant extracts from hemp inflorescences (H) as well as a mixture of extracts from hemp inflorescences, sage leaves and tansy leaves (M) on the stimulation of plant growth and the infection index of the flag leaf of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by fungal pathogens in a two-year field experiment. The analysis of selected biometric parameters in both growing seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024) showed a beneficial effect of both types of extracts, regardless of the type and concentration of the extract, on the length of ears, fresh weight of the aerial part of plants and the mass of one thousand wheat grains. The study also analyzed the intensity of the occurrence of wheat flag leaf diseases (septoria leaf blotch, tan spot of wheat, and brown leaf rust of cereals), in two growing seasons. In the case of septoria leaf blotch, the lowest infection index (IP) of the flag leaf was recorded after spraying the plants with a mixture of extracts (M) in the 2022/2023 season (4.91%) and after spraying the plants with hemp extract (H) in the 2023/2024 growing season (2.13%). Similarly, in the case of tan spot of wheat, in both growing seasons, the infection of the flag leaf with the pathogen was most effectively limited by hemp extract (H) in the 2022/2023 season: 24.43%; in the 2023/2024 season: 6.23%. In turn, the infection with brown leaf rust of cereals was strongly correlated with weather conditions, and the lowest index of infection with this pathogen was recorded only after the application of chemical protection (F: 2022/2023: 0.33% and 2023/2024: 6.38%). The presented results constitute the basis for the production of a biological preparation that will contribute to the biostimulation of plants and optimize the protection of wheat against fungal diseases