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Prepositional cases in Czech: toward a typological change
Full text linkThis article examines the increase in frequency of use of the prepositional noun cases in Czech over the last three decades (1990-2019). The author has based his research on the Czech National Corpus where he created five temporally defined subcorpora containing only journalistic texts from the major Czech daily newspapers. Over the period under study, the share of prepositional cases in the total noun tokens has increased from 26.44% to 28.08% (by 1.64%). The share of cases with proper prepositions hasincreased the most, while the number of cases with improper prepositions has increased less. The author has identified developmental trends for specific frequented prepositions. According to the author, the increase in the frequency of prepositional cases in Czech is a phenomenon rooted in the “typological dispositions” of the Czech language. However, he considers the stylistic factor (the desire for more explicit, precise expression) to be a factor of more importance, contributing to the increase in the frequency of prepositional cases. On the other hand, some changes in the frequency of use of specific cases, most notably the observed greater frequency of the accusative (+2.21%), is a purely typologically motivated developmental change.This article examines the increase in frequency of use of the prepositional noun cases in Czech over the last three decades (1990-2019). The author has based his research on the Czech National Corpus where he created five temporally defined subcorpora containing only journalistic texts from the major Czech daily newspapers. Over the period under study, the share of prepositional cases in the total noun tokens has increased from 26.44% to 28.08% (by 1.64%). The share of cases with proper prepositions hasincreased the most, while the number of cases with improper prepositions has increased less. The author has identified developmental trends for specific frequented prepositions. According to the author, the increase in the frequency of prepositional cases in Czech is a phenomenon rooted in the “typological dispositions” of the Czech language. However, he considers the stylistic factor (the desire for more explicit, precise expression) to be a factor of more importance, contributing to the increase in the frequency of prepositional cases. On the other hand, some changes in the frequency of use of specific cases, most notably the observed greater frequency of the accusative (+2.21%), is a purely typologically motivated developmental change
Norwid w Czechach. Dzieje recepcji twórczości
Full text linkThe author describes the history of the reception of C.K. Norwid’s works in Bohemia, starting with the first references (J.V. Frič), through a discussion of the attitude of authors of “Slovanský peled” and “Moderni revue” to the poet, the milieu of Catholic writers, to finish with the translations by J. Pilař, ornamentally published in large circulation.The author describes the history of the reception of C.K. Norwid’s works in Bohemia, starting with the first references (J.V. Frič), through a discussion of the attitude of authors of “Slovanský peled” and “Moderni revue” to the poet, the milieu of Catholic writers, to finish with the translations by J. Pilař, ornamentally published in large circulation
Ortografie współczesnego piśmiennictwa śląskojęzycznego
Full text linkOver the past two decades, Silesian literature has been written in eleven different types of orthography, the most important of which are the classical, neo-Steuer and “slabikŏrzowa” orthographies. Other orthographic proposals, e.g. by D. Dyrda, B. Kallus, P. Kalinowski, H. Kaluza, R. Wencel, did not become popular and were abandoned rather quickly. As a result, contemporary Silesian literature was dominated by the “ślabikŏrzowa” spelling, gaining popularity due to its conservative form and the support of the most essential Silesian publishing houses. However, an obstacle to the complete stabilisation of Silesian orthography is the variant spelling of “ślabikŏrzowa” (“full “ślabikorz” and simplified “ślabikŏrz”) and no detailed, explicative normative works (i.e. orthographic dictionary, grammar).Over the past two decades, Silesian literature has been written in eleven different types of orthography, the most important of which are the classical, neo-Steuer and “slabikŏrzowa” orthographies. Other orthographic proposals, e.g. by D. Dyrda, B. Kallus, P. Kalinowski, H. Kaluza, R. Wencel, did not become popular and were abandoned rather quickly. As a result, contemporary Silesian literature was dominated by the “ślabikŏrzowa” spelling, gaining popularity due to its conservative form and the support of the most essential Silesian publishing houses. However, an obstacle to the complete stabilisation of Silesian orthography is the variant spelling of “ślabikŏrzowa” (“full “ślabikorz” and simplified “ślabikŏrz”) and no detailed, explicative normative works (i.e. orthographic dictionary, grammar)
Iazyk moy pouczytsia prawdi twoiey»: слов’яноруські вставки польською графікою у трактаті Лазаря Барановича
Full text linkThe article draws attention to the Slavenrosska phonetics analysing the Slavenorosski insertions in Polish graphics in Lazar Baranovych’s theological treatise “Notiy pięć ran Chrystvsowych pięс” (1680). These insertions reflect the epoch’s tendencies in pronouncing the Slavenorosski texts by the speakers of Northern Ukrainian (Eastern Polisyen) patois, e.g. prove the well-established pronunciation of ѣ as [і]. The pronunciation of labials, velars, pharyngeal and [н’] before the front vowel [і] was systematicallysoft. The sibilant sounds, on the contrary, were hard (the corresponding letters were always followed by a y, not an i). The variations ri/ry, ti/ty, li/ly, si/sy, di/dy show an [и] sound that replaced the former [i], and the history of language corroborates this fact. The document presents the palatalized pronunciation of velars as well as the pharyngeal before the front vowel (it surely was an [i]) replacing their hard pronunciation before vowels). The hard pronunciation of consonants before an [e] and the fricative pronunciation of Slavenorosska г was confirmed. The Cyrillic щ was pronounced as a combination of two hard sibilants [шч]. The treatise recorded the hard pronunciation of the final stem sound [р] while the etymologically soft pronunciation inside the stem remains systematically intact. The document records the hard pronunciation of [ц] at the stem end of masculine nouns. The nominative and accusative forms of singular masculine adjectives are mostly pronounced with a reduced final [ǐ]. Proper names of Greek origin could have a fricative or, less frequently, a plosive pronunciation in lieu of γ, ѳ mainly sounded as [фт]. In the king’s name, it was transliterated as th.The article draws attention to the Slavenrosska phonetics analysing the Slavenorosski insertions in Polish graphics in Lazar Baranovych’s theological treatise “Notiy pięć ran Chrystvsowych pięс” (1680). These insertions reflect the epoch’s tendencies in pronouncing the Slavenorosski texts by the speakers of Northern Ukrainian (Eastern Polisyen) patois, e.g. prove the well-established pronunciation of ѣ as [і]. The pronunciation of labials, velars, pharyngeal and [н’] before the front vowel [і] was systematicallysoft. The sibilant sounds, on the contrary, were hard (the corresponding letters were always followed by a y, not an i). The variations ri/ry, ti/ty, li/ly, si/sy, di/dy show an [и] sound that replaced the former [i], and the history of language corroborates this fact. The document presents the palatalized pronunciation of velars as well as the pharyngeal before the front vowel (it surely was an [i]) replacing their hard pronunciation before vowels). The hard pronunciation of consonants before an [e] and the fricative pronunciation of Slavenorosska г was confirmed. The Cyrillic щ was pronounced as a combination of two hard sibilants [шч]. The treatise recorded the hard pronunciation of the final stem sound [р] while the etymologically soft pronunciation inside the stem remains systematically intact. The document records the hard pronunciation of [ц] at the stem end of masculine nouns. The nominative and accusative forms of singular masculine adjectives are mostly pronounced with a reduced final [ǐ]. Proper names of Greek origin could have a fricative or, less frequently, a plosive pronunciation in lieu of γ, ѳ mainly sounded as [фт]. In the king’s name, it was transliterated as th
Problem zaniku niemieckich leksemów na obszarze kaszubszczyzny środkowej
Full text linkThe material basis of the article consists of words of German origin derived from Standard German: 126 nouns and 15 words representing other parts of speech. In addition, the author includes 13 words of Lower German origin. Today, these words are no longer a part of oral communication or are used rarely (idiolectally).The material basis of the article consists of words of German origin derived from Standard German: 126 nouns and 15 words representing other parts of speech. In addition, the author includes 13 words of Lower German origin. Today, these words are no longer a part of oral communication or are used rarely (idiolectally)
Préteritum a kondicionál polského typu v kašubštině a v ruténštině
Full text linkKashubian and Ruthenian (and Galician Ukrainian) have been developing under a strong Polish impact. In the article, I examine the occurrence of the past tense and conditional mood, modelled by Polish (of type chciałem, chciałbym) in texts and grammars of Ruthenian, Galician Ukrainian, Rusyn and Kashubian. While in case of the East Slavic languages, I present just an overview of the issue, I discuss more in-depth the grammatical evaluation and use of such forms in Kashubian from the oldest texts until current written usage. This shows the fact that the recommendations of Kashubian grammarians and the real written usage do not match. By comparing Kashubian with East Slavic written varieties under Polish influence, I intended to show that these languages have faced the same tendencies in dealing with the existence of grammar forms enforced by the Polish language, partly supported by certain dialects.Kashubian and Ruthenian (and Galician Ukrainian) have been developing under a strong Polish impact. In the article, I examine the occurrence of the past tense and conditional mood, modelled by Polish (of type chciałem, chciałbym) in texts and grammars of Ruthenian, Galician Ukrainian, Rusyn and Kashubian. While in case of the East Slavic languages, I present just an overview of the issue, I discuss more in-depth the grammatical evaluation and use of such forms in Kashubian from the oldest texts until current written usage. This shows the fact that the recommendations of Kashubian grammarians and the real written usage do not match. By comparing Kashubian with East Slavic written varieties under Polish influence, I intended to show that these languages have faced the same tendencies in dealing with the existence of grammar forms enforced by the Polish language, partly supported by certain dialects
OBRAZ DZIEDZICTWA TONYʼEGO GARNIERA W MIEJSKICH MURALACH
Full text linkThe article addresses artes memoriae perceived as documentary traces of a spatial project which has slipped to oblivion, namely Une Cité Industrielle by Tony Garnier from 1917, redefined by Cité de Création in the context of urban housing. The movement, revolving around modern philosophies of urban planning and launched at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries assumed elimination of private property, equality of the working class and division into zones. It also restored the concept of the relations between nature, history of the inhabitants,industrial and historical development of Viollet-Le-Duc functionality and locality. A contemporary cluster of murals creates a mosaic of historical memorial spaces and contributes to Lyon’s development in a new form.The article addresses artes memoriae perceived as documentary traces of a spatial project which has slipped to oblivion, namely Une Cité Industrielle by Tony Garnier from 1917, redefined by Cité de Création in the context of urban housing. The movement, revolving around modern philosophies of urban planning and launched at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries assumed elimination of private property, equality of the working class and division into zones. It also restored the concept of the relations between nature, history of the inhabitants,industrial and historical development of Viollet-Le-Duc functionality and locality. A contemporary cluster of murals creates a mosaic of historical memorial spaces and contributes to Lyon’s development in a new form
