Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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Роль сербской церкви в сохранении национального самочувствия сербского народа во время турецкого владычества
Get PDFThe re-establishment of the autocephality of the Serbian Church in 1557 instigated a considerable degree of activity in the field of cultural restoration. The see of the Patriarchate was revived in its former location – in the monastery Peć. Restoration of the structures of the church organization was accompanied by reparation of the old (abandoned or neglected) churches and monasteries, as well as by building of new objects. A number of new churches and monasteries arouse in the regions of the Balkans which were colonized by Serbs intensively and systematically. The new churches required liturgical books necessary for non-hindered performance of the rite. The result was that old scriptoria were restoring and intensifing their activity, but at the same time new scriptoria started to fill the libraries of numerous churches and monasteries. The short supply of liturgical books towards the end of the 15th century motivated Djurdje Crnoević to establish the first printing shop in the South Slavonic lands at Cetinje. During the first half of the 16th century there were several printing shops at Goražde, in the monastery of Rujan and in the monasteries Gračanica and Mileševa. An analysis of the production of all those printing shops show that exclusively books necessary for normal performance of the rite were printed.The re-establishment of the autocephality of the Serbian Church in 1557 instigated a considerable degree of activity in the field of cultural restoration. The see of the Patriarchate was revived in its former location – in the monastery Peć. Restoration of the structures of the church organization was accompanied by reparation of the old (abandoned or neglected) churches and monasteries, as well as by building of new objects. A number of new churches and monasteries arouse in the regions of the Balkans which were colonized by Serbs intensively and systematically. The new churches required liturgical books necessary for non-hindered performance of the rite. The result was that old scriptoria were restoring and intensifing their activity, but at the same time new scriptoria started to fill the libraries of numerous churches and monasteries. The short supply of liturgical books towards the end of the 15th century motivated Djurdje Crnoević to establish the first printing shop in the South Slavonic lands at Cetinje. During the first half of the 16th century there were several printing shops at Goražde, in the monastery of Rujan and in the monasteries Gračanica and Mileševa. An analysis of the production of all those printing shops show that exclusively books necessary for normal performance of the rite were printed
Słowo w ewolucji. Kłamstwa, seks, plotki i… znajomi na Facebooku
Get PDFThe essay shows the main conceptions upon a biological power of a word: the macchiavellian theory/ theory of a lie, the mating mind theory, that means a theory of handicaps, and the social selection theory of S. Dunbar. The author proposes a thesis that a speech takes its power from the biological determinants of the origin of a language, and proves it by fusing various contemporary biological concepts. It is a biological evolution that founds the power of words, and also explains the magic of words in the various types of relations – among society, but also between sexes, generations and finally, among individuals considered in a biological sense. The essay shows the main conceptions upon a biological power of a word: the macchiavellian theory/ theory of a lie, the mating mind theory, that means a theory of handicaps, and the social selection theory of S. Dunbar. The author proposes a thesis that a speech takes its power from the biological determinants of the origin of a language, and proves it by fusing various contemporary biological concepts. It is a biological evolution that founds the power of words, and also explains the magic of words in the various types of relations – among society, but also between sexes, generations and finally, among individuals considered in a biological sense.
Zmierzch bogów w Dubrowniku
Get PDFThe Croatian film Occupation in 26 pictures (1978), directed by Lordan Zafranović is considered as one of the most controversial vision of the Second World War in Yugoslav cinema. The director uses the ornamental style, modeled on Italian cinema, to portray the change of power in Dubrovnik in 1941 – at the beginning of the fascist occupation of the city. He juxtaposes the licentiousness of Italian, German and Croatian fascists and the fall of the Dubrovnik aristocracy and the rebellion of communists. The political changes in the city are presented against the background of its rich cultural tradition. Zafranović highlights the beauty of Dubrovnik’s architectural and natural landscape that fascists desecrate. Decadent poetics with its aesthetic excess allows him to refresh and deepen the communist interpretation of the fascist occupation.The Croatian film Occupation in 26 pictures (1978), directed by Lordan Zafranović is considered as one of the most controversial vision of the Second World War in Yugoslav cinema. The director uses the ornamental style, modeled on Italian cinema, to portray the change of power in Dubrovnik in 1941 – at the beginning of the fascist occupation of the city. He juxtaposes the licentiousness of Italian, German and Croatian fascists and the fall of the Dubrovnik aristocracy and the rebellion of communists. The political changes in the city are presented against the background of its rich cultural tradition. Zafranović highlights the beauty of Dubrovnik’s architectural and natural landscape that fascists desecrate. Decadent poetics with its aesthetic excess allows him to refresh and deepen the communist interpretation of the fascist occupation
Boska władza reżysera. Karel Hugo Hilar – pierwszy nowoczesny reżyser w czeskim teatrze
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to characterize changes in the perception of a function of theatre director at the begging of the 20th century. The Czech theatrical culture taking the pattern of great European theatre reformers of that time, created a genuine theatrical theory of directing. Its first representative and implementer was Karel Hugo Hilar. His work was based on an assumption that a director is the highest instance in a preparation of performance, that can be compared only to a role of a sovereign. Moreover, Hilar was the first in the Czech cultural context to call a director the creator of a scenic reality. A reality that would represent a current world view transformed by theatrical means and the creative imagination of an artist.The aim of this research was to characterize changes in the perception of a function of theatre director at the begging of the 20th century. The Czech theatrical culture taking the pattern of great European theatre reformers of that time, created a genuine theatrical theory of directing. Its first representative and implementer was Karel Hugo Hilar. His work was based on an assumption that a director is the highest instance in a preparation of performance, that can be compared only to a role of a sovereign. Moreover, Hilar was the first in the Czech cultural context to call a director the creator of a scenic reality. A reality that would represent a current world view transformed by theatrical means and the creative imagination of an artist
Визуелен фолклор: однос меѓу усното и визуелно сеќавање
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to present how oral biography and photo-interviews are intertwined. In this sense, it is very important to illustrate the various methods of photo fieldwork, and also to highlight theoretical concepts (such as those of Panofsky, Collier and Barthes) in order to discover photo-analysis, the relation between oral and visual memory, and the phenomenological play between stadium and punctum. These principles are very important and useful in contemporary folklore studies. The aim of this article is to present how oral biography and photo-interviews are intertwined. In this sense, it is very important to illustrate the various methods of photo fieldwork, and also to highlight theoretical concepts (such as those of Panofsky, Collier and Barthes) in order to discover photo-analysis, the relation between oral and visual memory, and the phenomenological play between stadium and punctum. These principles are very important and useful in contemporary folklore studies.
„Brzoza” – filmowy „Gesamtkunstwerk” Ante Babai
Get PDFThe Birch Tree (1967), directed by Ante Babaja, is one of the most outstanding achievements of Croatian film modernism. It touches on the problem of rural life, which is unusual for film modernism. The work is inspired by Slavko Kolar’s rural prose, naive paintings by artists from Hlebine and north Croatian folk rites and songs. In this film, Babaja presents a naturalistic interpretation of rural existence, where the human spirit is stifled by dull material and inert nature. The Birch Tree is also an example of a film Gesamtkunstwerk that combines not only the elements of various arts (painting, literature, music, theatre), but also two historical-cultural models of artistic creation: the modernist and the folk.The Birch Tree (1967), directed by Ante Babaja, is one of the most outstanding achievements of Croatian film modernism. It touches on the problem of rural life, which is unusual for film modernism. The work is inspired by Slavko Kolar’s rural prose, naive paintings by artists from Hlebine and north Croatian folk rites and songs. In this film, Babaja presents a naturalistic interpretation of rural existence, where the human spirit is stifled by dull material and inert nature. The Birch Tree is also an example of a film Gesamtkunstwerk that combines not only the elements of various arts (painting, literature, music, theatre), but also two historical-cultural models of artistic creation: the modernist and the folk.
Близина/далечина при средбата од „онаа страна”
Get PDFFolk healers and their ability to heal can be connected with death or the being owned by death. This deeply archaic structure is evident in how knowledge is acquired, namely that it is passed on from mother to daughter or granddaughter/grandson in a place that suggests a connection to the other world (water, bridge). It is also evident in the fact that the women performing charms must be postmenopausal. Also important is the fact that when knowledge is acquired through dreams and visions, the soul of the initiate or the initiate him- or herself must be in touch with the other world and then return to life by passing over a thin line: a bridge as wide as a hair or a straw. This is a condition akin to death followed by eventual recuperation. Another important point is the difference in physical appearance to those treated, for example, old, white, a pale face, piercing eyes, small, slouching, etc. All these incorporate the idea that the communication with the “other world”, “the other side”, is always given to those people that somehow were in touch with the other world, which from that perspective are far from us, but originating from our environment and transferring the message that they are also close to us. The connection with the other side, with the other, distanced world was also seen in the time-space structure on the charms.Folk healers and their ability to heal can be connected with death or the being owned by death. This deeply archaic structure is evident in how knowledge is acquired, namely that it is passed on from mother to daughter or granddaughter/grandson in a place that suggests a connection to the other world (water, bridge). It is also evident in the fact that the women performing charms must be postmenopausal. Also important is the fact that when knowledge is acquired through dreams and visions, the soul of the initiate or the initiate him- or herself must be in touch with the other world and then return to life by passing over a thin line: a bridge as wide as a hair or a straw. This is a condition akin to death followed by eventual recuperation. Another important point is the difference in physical appearance to those treated, for example, old, white, a pale face, piercing eyes, small, slouching, etc. All these incorporate the idea that the communication with the “other world”, “the other side”, is always given to those people that somehow were in touch with the other world, which from that perspective are far from us, but originating from our environment and transferring the message that they are also close to us. The connection with the other side, with the other, distanced world was also seen in the time-space structure on the charms.