Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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In Search of a Perfect Form and Style: Turgenev andConrad’s Emphasis on Visual Impression
Get PDFThe human face as a mask that can both hide and emphasise the main traits of human personality and thoughts was used by Turgenev and Conrad. In the society depicted in such novels as Under Western Eyes, Virgin Soil and Smoke where secrecy and hypocrisy are a universal condition of man, face reading becomes an essential factor. The references to eyes as well as words and outside look indicate something about the characters concerned and can be considered as a means attributing a moral significance to physical appearance. As eyes are closely related to communication and knowledge, comments about the characters’ eyes implicate their knowledge and honesty with which they communicate with other people.
Ponavljanje, parodija ili raspadanje prazne ploče magijskih performativa u hrvatskome suvremenome pjesništvu
Get PDFIn the article, from different linguistic and literary theoretical perspectives, parodic function of anaphora is analyzed on samples of Croatian contemporary poetry. The aim is to present how a poem, especially one that is not from the contemporary lyric collection, is not a realization of „mythic time”, but in its rhythms and structures, where repetition is condition sine qua non of lyricism, it keeps a trace, a memory of the imaginary, of the myth which in speech revives what is hidden and suppressed. In the article, from different linguistic and literary theoretical perspectives, parodic function of anaphora is analyzed on samples of Croatian contemporary poetry. The aim is to present how a poem, especially one that is not from the contemporary lyric collection, is not a realization of „mythic time”, but in its rhythms and structures, where repetition is condition sine qua non of lyricism, it keeps a trace, a memory of the imaginary, of the myth which in speech revives what is hidden and suppressed.
Figura žreca u Dežmanovu „Ljutovidu”
Get PDFThis article analyses a construction of figure of žrec in the introductory canto of historical epic Ljutovid written by Croatian romantic writer Ivan Dežman. Žrec is a religious-magical figure which comprises functions of priest, prophet and magician. By applying reviewed readings of Austin’s speech acts theory, the article focuses on the performative dimension of žrec’s prophetic utterances, different types of prophetic speech and their effects of national integration. This article analyses a construction of figure of žrec in the introductory canto of historical epic Ljutovid written by Croatian romantic writer Ivan Dežman. Žrec is a religious-magical figure which comprises functions of priest, prophet and magician. By applying reviewed readings of Austin’s speech acts theory, the article focuses on the performative dimension of žrec’s prophetic utterances, different types of prophetic speech and their effects of national integration.
Słowo magiczne jako działanie – o kilku walorach koncepcji Bronisława Malinowskiego
Get PDFThis article concerns Bronisław Malinowski’s ethnographical theory of magical word. His theory was a revolutionary one for two reasons (1) he claimed that magical word is not an instrument of understanding of „primitive mentality” (2) he argued that analysis of magical word demanded abandoning of textual bias which entailed our seeing linguistic genres as semantically autonomous texts. Malinowski was not so interested in the question of literacy. He remarked, though, that writing determinated our linguistic reflection and that magical word, as another oral linguistic genres, demanded a radical rejection of textual conceptions of meaning, language and folklore. Although Malinowski’s methodological stipulations were not always consistent and his rejection of textual bias was fairly half, his abandonment of the conception of „magical world view” which is a foundation for uses of magic is still up-to-date. This article concerns Bronisław Malinowski’s ethnographical theory of magical word. His theory was a revolutionary one for two reasons (1) he claimed that magical word is not an instrument of understanding of „primitive mentality” (2) he argued that analysis of magical word demanded abandoning of textual bias which entailed our seeing linguistic genres as semantically autonomous texts. Malinowski was not so interested in the question of literacy. He remarked, though, that writing determinated our linguistic reflection and that magical word, as another oral linguistic genres, demanded a radical rejection of textual conceptions of meaning, language and folklore. Although Malinowski’s methodological stipulations were not always consistent and his rejection of textual bias was fairly half, his abandonment of the conception of „magical world view” which is a foundation for uses of magic is still up-to-date.
Performativna snaga imena u zbirci priča „Inšallah Madona, inšallah” Miljenka Jergovića
Get PDFThe names play a main role in understanding of Miljenko Jergović’s literary works and it is argued through analysis of collection of stories called Inšallah Madona, inšallah. The names have their history, they describe and determine actors, and function as axioms with initial stabile meaning. By decoding of related code, new complex components of semantic field of the name as symbol are revealed to us. In chosen text, the names operate as curse in form of general principle. Through curse as a main motive, it is implied performative dimension of the names which symbolize pain or misery, evoke tragedy and in the end fulfill inscribed curse. The names play a main role in understanding of Miljenko Jergović’s literary works and it is argued through analysis of collection of stories called Inšallah Madona, inšallah. The names have their history, they describe and determine actors, and function as axioms with initial stabile meaning. By decoding of related code, new complex components of semantic field of the name as symbol are revealed to us. In chosen text, the names operate as curse in form of general principle. Through curse as a main motive, it is implied performative dimension of the names which symbolize pain or misery, evoke tragedy and in the end fulfill inscribed curse.
Otpor materijala: teorijska vlast nad književnim tekstom
Get PDFAfter a brief account of Derrida’s notion of singularity as an irreducible, quasi-material layer of (literary) texts, this article attempts to delineate its effects on theoretical or scientific mastery over literature. Invention and law are examined as necessary but mutually cancelling origins of aesthetic and scientific institutions, and the final chapter – following Derrida’s Ulysse gramophone – questions the limits of theoretical competence in collision with the incalculable swerve of literarity.After a brief account of Derrida’s notion of singularity as an irreducible, quasi-material layer of (literary) texts, this article attempts to delineate its effects on theoretical or scientific mastery over literature. Invention and law are examined as necessary but mutually cancelling origins of aesthetic and scientific institutions, and the final chapter – following Derrida’s Ulysse gramophone – questions the limits of theoretical competence in collision with the incalculable swerve of literarity
Intermarriages – Crossing Political and Social Borders
Get PDFThis paper analyses Macedonian – Albanian intermarriages in Macedonia in the last fifteen years i.e. their frequency, routes and patterns set in correlation with the social and traditional relationship that existed and still exists in both „sending” and „receiving” communities. The foundation of such „new” constructions as Macedonian – Albanian intermarriages, deconstruct some of the already established norms both on the nuclear – family level and on the local – community level and reshape or construct new norms and relations within families and local communities as well.
Neoliberalizm w Europie Środkowej – magia, religia czy nauka?
Get PDFExpansion of capitalism to former communist countries was presented, especially by many intellectuals, as a scientific endeavor based on rational choice theory, management techniques and precisely measured market forces. For many practitioners of ‘transformation’ the neo-liberal project became also similar to proselytizing religion that has to be spread among infidels, i.e. communism-ridden populations. In the process of applying supposedly scientific principles for missionary purposes, many mechanisms identified by anthropologists as magic were used. The same modes of thinking apply to the explanations of reform failures. In magical thinking symbols are treated as signs; in a supposedly cause-and-effect chain of events a symbolic element is instantiated and the status of this symbol is perceived as equivalent to the empirical constituents. Symbolic factors, distinguished as such in an analytical process, have the same power of affecting reality as the physically perceptible factors. Communism was often blamed for using magical tricks, particularly in the domain of magical power of words. Words, through their symbolic power, were supposed to excuse for failures in practical domains. In the notions describing advantages and shortcomings of the neoliberal system such unspecified elements can also be identified. In conclusion one can say that neo-liberalism is a science, but only for its believers who in their reasoning apply magical modes of thinking. Expansion of capitalism to former communist countries was presented, especially by many intellectuals, as a scientific endeavor based on rational choice theory, management techniques and precisely measured market forces. For many practitioners of ‘transformation’ the neo-liberal project became also similar to proselytizing religion that has to be spread among infidels, i.e. communism-ridden populations. In the process of applying supposedly scientific principles for missionary purposes, many mechanisms identified by anthropologists as magic were used. The same modes of thinking apply to the explanations of reform failures. In magical thinking symbols are treated as signs; in a supposedly cause-and-effect chain of events a symbolic element is instantiated and the status of this symbol is perceived as equivalent to the empirical constituents. Symbolic factors, distinguished as such in an analytical process, have the same power of affecting reality as the physically perceptible factors. Communism was often blamed for using magical tricks, particularly in the domain of magical power of words. Words, through their symbolic power, were supposed to excuse for failures in practical domains. In the notions describing advantages and shortcomings of the neoliberal system such unspecified elements can also be identified. In conclusion one can say that neo-liberalism is a science, but only for its believers who in their reasoning apply magical modes of thinking.
Anton Tomaž Linhart Between the German and the Slovenian Language
Get PDFAnton Tomaž Linhart (1756–1795), is a critical intellectual and scholar of the age of Slovenian Enlightenment, who introduced causal interpretation of history into Slovenian historiography and started its scientifical philosophy by his historical work Versuch einer Geschichte von Krain und den übrigen Ländern der südlichen Slaven Österreichs (1778, 1791). He was an open-minded man, at first deist under the influence of English philosophers, and afterward agnostic under the influence of French materialists and atheists, a man torn between his work as a scholar and a reformer and between the German and the Slovenian language. Linhart’s first works were written in German. Miss Jenny Love (1780) is an attempt of a tragedy, written according to the rules of the Enlightenment period tragedy, exhibiting the contrast between the corrupted nobility and the middle class. The collection of poems Blumen aus Krain für das Jahr 1781 is Linhart’s attempt of contemporary classicist poetry in the rococo fashion and after the manner of the Anacreontic and even Pre-Romantic poetry. Linhart wrote his first Slovenian-language drama Županova Micka (1789), while his second Slovenian drama called Ta veseli dan ali Matiček se ženi (1790) is the most important literary work of the Slovenian Enlightenment and the most wide-ranging echo of the French revolution in the Slovenian literary production of the 18th century. Linhart’s dramas Županova Micka and Matiček are a manifesto of Slovenehood and democracy expressed in dramatic form, and a declaration of support to the Slovenian people and their struggle against feudalism
Magična moćmaski kao paradigma iluzije stvarnosti u drami Ive Vojnovića „Maškarate ispod kuplja”
Get PDFThe present paper analyses Ivo Vojnović’s drama Maškarate ispod kuplja by intending to emphasize the importance of carnival masks considered as instruments of liberation of individuals from social conformism. The protagonists of Vojnović’s Maškarate show their non-conformist faces and experience freedom only incarnival season. The carnival is described as the allegory of surreal and phantasmagoric world displaying pseudo-realistic situations that represent the deformed face or, rather, the alter of the masked reality. Masks are, therefore, perceived as shields from the frustrating reality and external influences, whereas life under masks is understood as the perfect model of concealing internal weaknesses and insecurities. The enchanting carnival atmosphere enables the protagonists to openly show the suppressed personality and personal choices. The clear model of searching for the illusion of the truth and the truth of the illusion is also shown, notwithstanding the complicating conditions of the emotional world of the protagonist-symbol who creates false identity provoked and conditioned by external factors. The influence of the Italian grotesque theatre has been reported as well, whereas the similarities have been perceived in particular in the behavioral pattern of the protagonists and perception of time and place as metaphysical categories. The determination of the level of interdependence between the Croatian author and the Italian role models has also been possible. The comparison with the Italian literary contemporaries has been performed by examining the intertextual correspondences in particular related to the selection of the „carnivalesque” motives. The present paper analyses Ivo Vojnović’s drama Maškarate ispod kuplja by intending to emphasize the importance of carnival masks considered as instruments of liberation of individuals from social conformism. The protagonists of Vojnović’s Maškarate show their non-conformist faces and experience freedom only incarnival season. The carnival is described as the allegory of surreal and phantasmagoric world displaying pseudo-realistic situations that represent the deformed face or, rather, the alter of the masked reality. Masks are, therefore, perceived as shields from the frustrating reality and external influences, whereas life under masks is understood as the perfect model of concealing internal weaknesses and insecurities. The enchanting carnival atmosphere enables the protagonists to openly show the suppressed personality and personal choices. The clear model of searching for the illusion of the truth and the truth of the illusion is also shown, notwithstanding the complicating conditions of the emotional world of the protagonist-symbol who creates false identity provoked and conditioned by external factors. The influence of the Italian grotesque theatre has been reported as well, whereas the similarities have been perceived in particular in the behavioral pattern of the protagonists and perception of time and place as metaphysical categories. The determination of the level of interdependence between the Croatian author and the Italian role models has also been possible. The comparison with the Italian literary contemporaries has been performed by examining the intertextual correspondences in particular related to the selection of the „carnivalesque” motives.