Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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Don’t You Now See the Excellence of Our Sex? Maria Gondola and Defence of Women’s Rights in 16th Century Dubrovnik
Get PDFDuring the 16th century in Dubrovnik (Ragusa), the female voice was rarely heard in public, and women (especially those of higher ranks) were mainly confined to a life within the household. However, a special voice belonged to Marija Gundulić (Maria Gondola), who wrote in Italian about the “defence of the female sex” and discussed female spirit and mind, female nature, and intellect in a dedicatory text to the book Discorsi di M. Nicolò Vito di Gozze, gentil’huomo ragugeo, Dell’Academia de gli occulti, sopra le Metheore d’Aristotele, Ridotti in dialogo & divisi in quattro giornate, by Nikola Gučetić (Nicolò Vito di Gozze) (Venice, 1584/1585). In this paper, I focus on two versions of the text of the dedication. Written in defence of the honour of the woman poet Cvijeta Zuzorić (Fiore/a Zuzzori) and women in general, Gondola criticizes the false morality and hypocrisy of Dubrovnik society, and as such, the first version of this book was censored. The book was published again one year later in 1585, with a revised dedication – one and a half pages shorter. The importance of this work is twofold. In the first place, it is the only written (or at least preserved) work by Gondola. Moreover, it represents the first female voice in defence of women’s rights at the east shore of the Adriatic. Comparing the two versions of the book’s dedication, this paper will attempt to answer questions regarding the importance of women’s authorship, and the important influence of power and censorship in the 16th century Dubrovnik
Odnos komunističkog režima prema Katoličkoj crkvi u Hrvatskoj od 1945. do 1952. godine
Get PDFBased on historical facts, published and unpublished archival materials, this work provides concise analysis of relations between the Church and the state in Croatia between 1945 and 1952, that is from the period when the Communist Party of Yugoslavia became the ruling party until the break-up of diplomatic relations with the Holy See. Since this was a quite dynamic period in terms of socio-political changes, as well as Church-state relations, the article emphasizes only those aspects that constitute the foundation of the conflict between the Catholic Church and the communist regime such as religious education in schools and catholic clergy’s class associations. Moreover, in the introductory part of the work ideological and political causes of the conflict are briefly explained, as well as relations of the Church and the state in the post-war period with a view to better understanding of the position of the Catholic Church and the overall context of the catholic religious life in time to come. Based on historical facts, published and unpublished archival materials, this work provides concise analysis of relations between the Church and the state in Croatia between 1945 and 1952, that is from the period when the Communist Party of Yugoslavia became the ruling party until the break-up of diplomatic relations with the Holy See. Since this was a quite dynamic period in terms of socio-political changes, as well as Church-state relations, the article emphasizes only those aspects that constitute the foundation of the conflict between the Catholic Church and the communist regime such as religious education in schools and catholic clergy’s class associations. Moreover, in the introductory part of the work ideological and political causes of the conflict are briefly explained, as well as relations of the Church and the state in the post-war period with a view to better understanding of the position of the Catholic Church and the overall context of the catholic religious life in time to come
Ženski „glumački tekst”1 i njegova „arhivska groznica”
Get PDFThe discussion of the ways one conceives of and reflex upon the procedures of archiving the opus of actresses active in the socialist period represents one of the urging tasks of both theatre studies and feminist criticism in Croatia, given the relative scarcity of interest for this area of research within Croatian theatre academia. This study presents the results of a research done on the work of one of the leading Croatian actresses after WWII, Neva Rošić, which mostly rely on the discourse analysis of theatre reviews, interviews, personal letters, articles written by the actress herself and other media reports on her major successes on the stage. A whole array of sources is thus summoned to corroborate the thesis that the female acting practice in this period, belonging as it does to the poetics of impersonation, could figure as an interesting ground for the analysis of both the issues of female acting authorship, and the cultural construction of gender norms, as well as the means and outcomes of their performative subversion.The discussion of the ways one conceives of and reflex upon the procedures of archiving the opus of actresses active in the socialist period represents one of the urging tasks of both theatre studies and feminist criticism in Croatia, given the relative scarcity of interest for this area of research within Croatian theatre academia. This study presents the results of a research done on the work of one of the leading Croatian actresses after WWII, Neva Rošić, which mostly rely on the discourse analysis of theatre reviews, interviews, personal letters, articles written by the actress herself and other media reports on her major successes on the stage. A whole array of sources is thus summoned to corroborate the thesis that the female acting practice in this period, belonging as it does to the poetics of impersonation, could figure as an interesting ground for the analysis of both the issues of female acting authorship, and the cultural construction of gender norms, as well as the means and outcomes of their performative subversion
The (Lost) Voice of a Woman: the Gorgonowa Case in Irena Krzywicka’s Narrative
Get PDFThe article analyses Irena Krzywicka’s coverage of the so-called Gorgonowa case, in which a Yugoslavian citizen, Rita Gorgon, was accused of killing her teenage stepdaughter. The authors notice two seemingly dissonant practices in the analysed text: Krzywicka’s involvement in the fight for women’s rights is accompanied by taking away the accused’s voice. The feminist writer treats the case as a pretext for a critique of the bourgeoisie and its institutions, which she achieves by revealing and exaggerating the theatricality coupled with sadism present in the court proceedings. The strategy of exoticisation of Rita Gorgon, which affected her perception as a stranger, is also explored. In the emotionally charged description of the trial, there is surprisingly little space for the voice of the accused herself, who is not represented by Krzywicka, but merely presented. The pursuit of rehabilitation undertaken by Rita Gorgon’s daughter and granddaughter appears to be an attempt to symbolically return the voice to the accused and to recreate the “feminine continuum”
Sygnatura kobiecości w Olgi Bergholc zapisach dziennikowych z lat 1939–1942
Get PDFThis article is based on the diary of a Russian poet, Olga Bergholz. Records from the years 1939–1942 are analyzed in detail. Records were developed in the period of Stalinist repression, and during the blockage of Leningrad. From a gender perspective, their reading allows situating the work of this poet in a new context. Soviet literary classic, Muse siege, eulogizing heroism of Leningrad residents, shows its second face – a face of a woman focused on everyday experience. The article analyzes notes on autothematism, love and categories of carnality.This article is based on the diary of a Russian poet, Olga Bergholz. Records from the years 1939–1942 are analyzed in detail. Records were developed in the period of Stalinist repression, and during the blockage of Leningrad. From a gender perspective, their reading allows situating the work of this poet in a new context. Soviet literary classic, Muse siege, eulogizing heroism of Leningrad residents, shows its second face – a face of a woman focused on everyday experience. The article analyzes notes on autothematism, love and categories of carnality
Listy do króla w sprawach wiary w polskich protestanckich Bibliach XVI i XVII wieku
Get PDFThe article examines religious topics in dedicatory letters for the Polish Protestant Bibles of the 16th and 17th century. The New Testament published by Jan Seklucjan (1551–1553), the Brest Bible (1563) and the Gdansk Bible (1632) were dedicated to the reigning kings towards whom the Protestants expressed their expectations about the place of the Church / religion in the state and the role of the ruler. The dedicatory letters by Seklucjan, Mikolaj Radziwill and Krzysztof Radziwill highlighted the concept of the primacy of secular authority over the Church, namely, the sovereignty of the monarch, personifying the majesty and law of the Republic over the Church of God, i.e. people who constitute the community of faith. According to the Polish political status, king, due to his office, played the role of the “servant of the Republic”, and as the guardian of the legal order, was not to be the ruler of conscience, but the guardian of freedom of speech and religion.The article examines religious topics in dedicatory letters for the Polish Protestant Bibles of the 16th and 17th century. The New Testament published by Jan Seklucjan (1551–1553), the Brest Bible (1563) and the Gdansk Bible (1632) were dedicated to the reigning kings towards whom the Protestants expressed their expectations about the place of the Church / religion in the state and the role of the ruler. The dedicatory letters by Seklucjan, Mikolaj Radziwill and Krzysztof Radziwill highlighted the concept of the primacy of secular authority over the Church, namely, the sovereignty of the monarch, personifying the majesty and law of the Republic over the Church of God, i.e. people who constitute the community of faith. According to the Polish political status, king, due to his office, played the role of the “servant of the Republic”, and as the guardian of the legal order, was not to be the ruler of conscience, but the guardian of freedom of speech and religion
Srpska pravoslavna crkva tokom 90-ih
Get PDFThis paper is based on the earlier works of the author (incurred mainly on the analysis of the press of state and Church provenance), surveys of sociologists of religion, and findings of other researchers dealing with the issues of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Several characteristic points could be drawn that marked the history of the Church in the late 80s and throughout the 90s: the Church’s return from the margins and its more significant presence in society; accelerated process of desecularization; complicated relationship to authorities, ranged from the first closeness to the complete break and disappointment over unfulfilled expectations of the Church; refusal to admit the divisions and the creation of new states formed into the wars on 90s, which for the Church constituted acts of violent secession to detriment of the Serbian people; negative attitudes to the West, ecumenism, Vatican and interfaith dialogue; efforts to resolve the issue of schism within the Church; and growing internal contradictions in the episcopate. Entering unprepared for transition processes that led from one political system to another, followed by the wars and the collapse of the state, and movements into the Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church has tried to oscillate between maintenance of the traditional role of the national Church, and a gradual adjustment to the changes, in aim to avoid major consequences for ecclesiastical organization.This paper is based on the earlier works of the author (incurred mainly on the analysis of the press of state and Church provenance), surveys of sociologists of religion, and findings of other researchers dealing with the issues of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Several characteristic points could be drawn that marked the history of the Church in the late 80s and throughout the 90s: the Church’s return from the margins and its more significant presence in society; accelerated process of desecularization; complicated relationship to authorities, ranged from the first closeness to the complete break and disappointment over unfulfilled expectations of the Church; refusal to admit the divisions and the creation of new states formed into the wars on 90s, which for the Church constituted acts of violent secession to detriment of the Serbian people; negative attitudes to the West, ecumenism, Vatican and interfaith dialogue; efforts to resolve the issue of schism within the Church; and growing internal contradictions in the episcopate. Entering unprepared for transition processes that led from one political system to another, followed by the wars and the collapse of the state, and movements into the Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church has tried to oscillate between maintenance of the traditional role of the national Church, and a gradual adjustment to the changes, in aim to avoid major consequences for ecclesiastical organization
