Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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“The Woman Question” as Expressed in the Work of Slovenian Writer Pavlina Pajk, and the Presumed Influence of Western Ideas on Her Work
Get PDFForeign literary influences, German and Western European in particular, played a pivotal role in the 19th-century Slovenian literary field. During this time, the first female Slovenian authors emerged. Among them was Pavlina Pajk (1854–1901) who continued the tradition of the sentimental novel. Her texts incorporate several topics and motifs associated with the novels of other Western female authors, in particular those of George Sand. Moreover, Pajk was the first Slovenian woman writer who, presumably influenced by Western ideas, started writing about “the woman question”. This article thus presents Pajk’s ideas concerning “the woman question” in her writings
Neki arhivski primeri neiskorišćenog kulturnog kapitala
Get PDFArchives are important places for researching and reconstructing the past, they lead to discoveries, and they can refute dominant stereotypes. Despite that fact, Serbian feminist scholars have neglected archival research of women writers. In this paper the author points out to resistance of the main Serbian institutions to digitalize archival sources of women writers and indicates some consequences of contemporary feminists’ stance to historical sources. The author directs attention to some important but ignored examples of archival materials in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since they offer informative, significant, and complex account on the past, they can help reconstruct of the South Slavic culture and establish the importance of women writers. KeywordsArchives are important places for researching and reconstructing the past, they lead to discoveries, and they can refute dominant stereotypes. Despite that fact, Serbian feminist scholars have neglected archival research of women writers. In this paper the author points out to resistance of the main Serbian institutions to digitalize archival sources of women writers and indicates some consequences of contemporary feminists’ stance to historical sources. The author directs attention to some important but ignored examples of archival materials in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since they offer informative, significant, and complex account on the past, they can help reconstruct of the South Slavic culture and establish the importance of women writers. Keyword
Kościół rzymski wobec władzy państwowej
Get PDFThis article emphasizes the important but rarely analyzed aesthetic-political dimension of the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and the state. The author synthetically discusses the development of the inner consciousness of the Church of Rome (in its relation to the power) in three nodal epochs: in the Church of Leo the Great and his successors, in the Church of the Gregorian reform and of Innocent III and in the nineteenth-century Church. According to the author’s conclusion: it can be shown that the key to understanding the relationship of the Church of Rome to the state power is the phantasmatic belief in the superiority of own ecclesiastical authority over every other power, a belief developed originally in the self-awareness and in the emotional and aesthetic self-emplacement of the great popes of the 5th and 6th centuries.This article emphasizes the important but rarely analyzed aesthetic-political dimension of the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and the state. The author synthetically discusses the development of the inner consciousness of the Church of Rome (in its relation to the power) in three nodal epochs: in the Church of Leo the Great and his successors, in the Church of the Gregorian reform and of Innocent III and in the nineteenth-century Church. According to the author’s conclusion: it can be shown that the key to understanding the relationship of the Church of Rome to the state power is the phantasmatic belief in the superiority of own ecclesiastical authority over every other power, a belief developed originally in the self-awareness and in the emotional and aesthetic self-emplacement of the great popes of the 5th and 6th centuries
Postulaty religijne w wystąpieniach kozackich pierwszej połowy XVII wieku
Get PDFThis paper focuses mostly on the religious aspects of the Cossacks’ uprisings in the first half of 17th century (mainly the 1625, 1630, 1637 and 1638 uprisings), and discusses their impact on the origins, the course and following peace negotiations as well. The paper is based mostly on Cossack primary sources like manifestos, proclamations issued by the leaders, together with the directions which were to be followed during the peace talks, and the not Cossack sources as well. They prove how the religious aspects, namely the appeals to defend the persecuted orthodox confession, contributed to the character of the developments. Another question was, to what extent the religious engagement of the Cossacks uprisings at that time was caused by a sincere concern for the Orthodox Church situation, or perhaps there were other reasons, not having much in common with the faith. The analysis discusses also the Cossack delegates’ actions and policy on the Commonwealth Sejm in the years 1631–33, during which they firmly demanded restoration of the status the Orthodox Church had before 1596.This paper focuses mostly on the religious aspects of the Cossacks’ uprisings in the first half of 17th century (mainly the 1625, 1630, 1637 and 1638 uprisings), and discusses their impact on the origins, the course and following peace negotiations as well. The paper is based mostly on Cossack primary sources like manifestos, proclamations issued by the leaders, together with the directions which were to be followed during the peace talks, and the not Cossack sources as well. They prove how the religious aspects, namely the appeals to defend the persecuted orthodox confession, contributed to the character of the developments. Another question was, to what extent the religious engagement of the Cossacks uprisings at that time was caused by a sincere concern for the Orthodox Church situation, or perhaps there were other reasons, not having much in common with the faith. The analysis discusses also the Cossack delegates’ actions and policy on the Commonwealth Sejm in the years 1631–33, during which they firmly demanded restoration of the status the Orthodox Church had before 1596
Протестанты в царской России и их правовой статус
Get PDFThe paper briefly presents the history of Protestantism in Russia (16th–19th century) and the legal status of Protestant communities. An emphasis is placed on participation of the state and the individual tsars in increasing their number, as well as on the legal acts issued for them over the centuries. The article draws attention to the dependence of the right to freedom of religion, which they had in Russia, on their economic usefulness. It highlights the authorities’ interference in the functioning of Protestant Church as well as state protection of the prevailing faith – the Orthodox Christianity – despite numerous religious and economic privileges granted to the Protestants.The paper briefly presents the history of Protestantism in Russia (16th–19th century) and the legal status of Protestant communities. An emphasis is placed on participation of the state and the individual tsars in increasing their number, as well as on the legal acts issued for them over the centuries. The article draws attention to the dependence of the right to freedom of religion, which they had in Russia, on their economic usefulness. It highlights the authorities’ interference in the functioning of Protestant Church as well as state protection of the prevailing faith – the Orthodox Christianity – despite numerous religious and economic privileges granted to the Protestants
Дечанска повеља кнегиње Милице – монахиње Јевгеније
Get PDFThis paper deals with the Dečani Monastery Charter of Princess Milica – nun Eugenia (1397) in the light of her royal and founding activities, as well as her literary creativity. The certificate with which Princess Milica returns to the Monastery of Visoki Dečani its deprived estates and gives it the new ones represents an autobiographical written document of high artistic value, but also a peculiar picture of the epoch which is projected through the image and work of one of the most intelligent women of Serbian Middle Ages.This paper deals with the Dečani Monastery Charter of Princess Milica – nun Eugenia (1397) in the light of her royal and founding activities, as well as her literary creativity. The certificate with which Princess Milica returns to the Monastery of Visoki Dečani its deprived estates and gives it the new ones represents an autobiographical written document of high artistic value, but also a peculiar picture of the epoch which is projected through the image and work of one of the most intelligent women of Serbian Middle Ages
„Nie nazywaj mnie pedałem” – homofobia i homohisteria w prozie Serhija Żadana
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to present the homophobic and homohysteric discourse in Serhiy Zhadan’s prose. Adopting the perspective of the pro-feminist men and masculinities studies and researching the discourse on masculinity in Zhadan’s fiction enables the author to present men in the period of transformation of the last twenty-five years and show the gradual changes in the dominant attitude towards gays. Although it is difficult to treat Zhadan’s fiction as a full compendium of knowledge on the state of Ukrainian homophobia, the author claims that it contains images of masculinity and relationships between men that are accurate literary representations of the changes currently taking place in Ukraine. KeywordsThe aim of this paper is to present the homophobic and homohysteric discourse in Serhiy Zhadan’s prose. Adopting the perspective of the pro-feminist men and masculinities studies and researching the discourse on masculinity in Zhadan’s fiction enables the author to present men in the period of transformation of the last twenty-five years and show the gradual changes in the dominant attitude towards gays. Although it is difficult to treat Zhadan’s fiction as a full compendium of knowledge on the state of Ukrainian homophobia, the author claims that it contains images of masculinity and relationships between men that are accurate literary representations of the changes currently taking place in Ukraine
Uzroci sekularizacije prema Christopheru Dawsonu
Get PDFThe article examines the root causes of the secularization of European culture by focusing on the writings of the English historian Christopher Dawson. Dawson’s central argument is that every human culture is based on religion and, thus, European culture on Christianity. He identifies the root causes of secularization to be found in the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation movements, both of which facilitated the emergence of the modern nation-state, but in different ways. The Renaissance marked the coming of a new culture – a new way of life – which had its roots deep in the past and had been developing for centuries in the Mediterranean world. The Protestant Reformation, on the other hand, brought an end to the religious unity which had existed for centuries in Western Europe, and subsequently divided Europe along religious lines. These two movements essentially laid down the foundations of an alternative culture, one often unbeknown to its architects: a culture which was still very much influenced by Christian origins, but would become over time first the rival and later the successor of Christianity.The article examines the root causes of the secularization of European culture by focusing on the writings of the English historian Christopher Dawson. Dawson’s central argument is that every human culture is based on religion and, thus, European culture on Christianity. He identifies the root causes of secularization to be found in the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation movements, both of which facilitated the emergence of the modern nation-state, but in different ways. The Renaissance marked the coming of a new culture – a new way of life – which had its roots deep in the past and had been developing for centuries in the Mediterranean world. The Protestant Reformation, on the other hand, brought an end to the religious unity which had existed for centuries in Western Europe, and subsequently divided Europe along religious lines. These two movements essentially laid down the foundations of an alternative culture, one often unbeknown to its architects: a culture which was still very much influenced by Christian origins, but would become over time first the rival and later the successor of Christianity
Kościoły w Polsce w okresie niemieckiej okupacji 1939–1945
Get PDFPoland and Polish nationalism are widely identified with Catholicism. However, the population of the Polish state was not homogenous ethnically and religiously – in 1921 the number of ethnic/confessional minorities reached the high level of over 30 percent. The Second World War was a fundamental change in Polish history – the new people’s republic, formed after 1945, has been a totally different state from the Second Republic of Poland, which existed 1918–1939. Unfortunately, very little is known about the impact of Churches (Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox) in shaping the Polish, Ukrainian, Belorussian and German nationalisms during the wartime as well as the attitudes of clergymen towards the German occupants.Poland and Polish nationalism are widely identified with Catholicism. However, the population of the Polish state was not homogenous ethnically and religiously – in 1921 the number of ethnic/confessional minorities reached the high level of over 30 percent. The Second World War was a fundamental change in Polish history – the new people’s republic, formed after 1945, has been a totally different state from the Second Republic of Poland, which existed 1918–1939. Unfortunately, very little is known about the impact of Churches (Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox) in shaping the Polish, Ukrainian, Belorussian and German nationalisms during the wartime as well as the attitudes of clergymen towards the German occupants